2019年英語新譯林選修八（江蘇專用）講義Unit2SectionⅤProject

Section_ⅤProject[原文呈現(xiàn)]Fromtheblues①topopEarlyjazzTodayIwilltakeabrieflookathowWesternmusicprogressed②fromthebluestopop.Modernpopmusichasitsroots③inthefolksongsofblackAmericans④heldinslavery⑤.Duringthelatepartofthe19thcentury,blackmusiciansusedthesefolksongstocreateakindofmusiccalledtheblues,becauseithadatendency⑥tobeverysad.Whiletheblueswaspopular⑦，asamusicalformat⑧itlacked⑨varietyandwastoosadandslowto⑩danceto?.Thus,fromtheblues,theresprungup?afaster,livelierkindofmusiccalledjazz.LouisArmstrong,ablacktrumpet?playerandsinger,wasoneofthefathersofjazz.Unlikemostmusicianswhoplayedthemusicasitwaswritten,hewouldchangethemusicashewasplayingittoreflecthisfeelingsatthetime.Othermusiciansbegantocopyhisstyleandtheliberty?hebroughttohismusic?.Theabilitytoadaptthemusicwhileitisbeingplayed?isoneofthemajorcharacteristicsofjazz.[讀文清障]①blues/blu?z/n.布魯斯音樂，藍(lán)調(diào)②progressv．進(jìn)展，進(jìn)步，發(fā)展③root/ru?t/n.起源，起因；根，根莖haveitsrootsin起源于④過去分詞短語heldinslavery作后置定語，修飾blackAmericans。⑤slavery/'sleIv?rI/n.奴隸身份；奴隸制⑥tendency/'tend?nsI/n.傾向，偏好；趨勢，趨向haveatendencytodosth.有做某事的趨勢⑦Whiletheblues...是while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。⑧format/'f??m?t/n.形式；格式；版式⑨lackv．缺少，缺乏⑩too...to...太……而不能……?danceto伴著……跳舞(to用作介詞)?springup突然興起，迅速出現(xiàn)?trumpet/'tr?mpIt/n.小號；喇叭?liberty/'lIb?tI/n.自由?hebroughttohismusic是一個(gè)定語從句，修飾liberty，在從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞which/that省略了。?while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，while表示“正當(dāng)……時(shí)候”。從藍(lán)調(diào)音樂到流行樂早期爵士樂今天我將簡要地回顧一下西方音樂是如何從藍(lán)調(diào)音樂發(fā)展到流行樂的?，F(xiàn)代流行音樂起源于奴隸制時(shí)期美國黑人的民歌。在19世紀(jì)晚期，黑人音樂家們根據(jù)這些民歌創(chuàng)造了一種被稱作藍(lán)調(diào)音樂(又譯布魯斯)的音樂形式，因?yàn)檫@種音樂有憂傷的趨勢。盡管藍(lán)調(diào)音樂非常受歡迎，但作為一種音樂形式，它缺少變化，而且太傷感、節(jié)奏太慢，不適合跳舞時(shí)伴奏。于是，從藍(lán)調(diào)音樂中發(fā)展出一種節(jié)奏更輕快、更活潑的音樂形式，叫作爵士樂。黑人小號手及歌手路易斯·阿姆斯特朗是爵士樂的創(chuàng)始人之一。與其他大部分按照寫好的樂譜演奏的音樂家不同，他會在演奏時(shí)即興改變原來的曲子，以反映他演奏時(shí)的心情。其他的樂手開始模仿他的風(fēng)格以及他賦予音樂的自由。在演奏時(shí)可以即興改編音樂成為爵士樂的主要特征之一。FromR&Btorockandroll?Fromtheearly1930stotheearly1950s,traditionaljazzwentintoagradual?decline?，andwasreplacedbyanewmusicaltrend?knownasrhythmeq\o(○,\s\up1(21))andblues,orR&B.R&Bwasthen—andnow—oftenthoughtofasaformofAfrican-Americanmusic.Itcombinedthefastpaceofmanykindsofjazzwiththeolderbluessound.Duringtheearly1950s,oneparticularstyleofR&Bbecamepopular—rockandroll.OneofthefirstrockandrollmusicianswasBigJoeTurner.HewasablackAmericansingerwhohadstartedoutperformingjazzinthe1920s,andthenturnedtoR&Binthe1940s.In1954,herecordedoneoftheveryfirstrockandrollsongs,‘Shake,Rattleeq\o(○,\s\up1(22))andRoll’．?rockandrolln．搖滾樂?gradual/'ɡr?d???l/adj.逐漸的，逐步的；平緩的，不陡的?decline/dI'klaIn/n.衰落，衰敗；減少；下降；vi.&vt.衰落；下降；婉言謝絕gotoadecline走向衰落?trend/trend/n.趨勢，動向eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))rhythm/'rIe?m/n.節(jié)奏，韻律；節(jié)律，有規(guī)則的變化rhythmandbluesn．(abbr.R&B)節(jié)奏布魯斯；節(jié)奏藍(lán)調(diào)eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))rattle/'r?tl/vi.&vt.(使)發(fā)出咔嗒咔嗒的聲音；使緊張或恐懼從節(jié)奏藍(lán)調(diào)到搖滾樂從20世紀(jì)30年代初期到20世紀(jì)50年代初期，傳統(tǒng)的爵士樂漸漸走向沒落，被一種叫作節(jié)奏藍(lán)調(diào)節(jié)奏布魯斯搖擺樂或R&B的新音樂趨勢所取代。R&B在當(dāng)時(shí)——以及現(xiàn)在——常常被認(rèn)為是一種美國黑人音樂的形式。它把多種爵士樂的明快節(jié)奏與傳統(tǒng)的藍(lán)調(diào)音樂融合起來。在20世紀(jì)50年代早期，一種特定風(fēng)格的R&B開始流行——搖滾樂。第一代搖滾樂樂手之一就是胖子喬·特納。他是一名美國黑人歌手，20世紀(jì)20年代開始演奏爵士樂，到20世紀(jì)40年代轉(zhuǎn)向表演R&B。1954年，他錄制了最原始的搖滾樂曲之一《晃動、吵鬧和搖滾》。Thisbecameahiteq\o(○,\s\up1(23))ontheR&Bcharts,andthenwasrecordedbyBillHaleyandtheCometseq\o(○,\s\up1(24))，awhitebandeq\o(○,\s\up1(25))，andbecameahitonthepopcharts.BillHaleyandtheCometsthenrecorded‘RockAroundtheClock’，whichbecamethenumberonehitof1955.‘RockAroundtheClock’causedrockmusictoberecognizedasitsown,separatestyle,andmadeitpopulararoundtheworld.Intheearly1950s,arecordcompanyownerfromMemphis,Tennessee,SamPhilips,soughteq\o(○,\s\up1(26))tobringrockmusictowhiteaudiences.Becauseoftheprejudiceeq\o(○,\s\up1(27))andracialdiscriminationeq\o(○,\s\up1(28))ofthetime,heknewthathehadtousewhitesingersortherecordsmightnotgetplayedontheradio.In1954,ElvisPresleymadehisfirstrecordforPhilips.Withintwoyears,Presleybecamethemostpopularmusicstarintheworld,andeventodayheisknownas‘theKingofRockandRoll’.Hehadseventeennumberonesongsandtennumberonealbums.Onlyonemusicalacteq\o(○,\s\up1(29))hassoldmorerecords.eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))becomeahit轟動一時(shí)hit作名詞，可表示“風(fēng)行一時(shí)的事物(如電影、戲劇、歌曲等)”。eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))comet/'k?mIt/n.彗星eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))band/b?nd/n.樂隊(duì)；一伙人；帶子；條紋eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))seek/si?k/(sought,sought)vt.&vi.試圖，設(shè)法；尋找，尋求seektodosth.試圖做某事eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))prejudice/'pred??dIs/n.偏見，成見vt.使懷有(或形成)偏見eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))discrimination/dI?skrImI'neI?n/n.歧視，區(qū)別對待；辨別力，鑒賞力racialdiscrimination種族歧視eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))actn．表演者，表演組合這首樂曲成了R&B歌曲排行榜的轟動曲目，后來比爾·哈利和白人樂隊(duì)“彗星”合唱團(tuán)重新翻唱了這支樂曲，使它成為流行音樂排行榜上的熱門歌曲。比爾·哈利和“彗星”合唱團(tuán)后來又錄制了《晝夜搖滾》，這是1955年冠軍單曲。《晝夜搖滾》讓搖滾樂作為一種特有的、獨(dú)立的音樂風(fēng)格為人們所認(rèn)可，使它在全世界流行起來。,在20世紀(jì)50年代早期，一位來自田納西州孟菲斯城的唱片公司老板薩姆·菲利普斯試圖將搖滾樂帶給白人觀眾。由于當(dāng)時(shí)的偏見和種族歧視，他知道他必須啟用白人歌手，否則唱片就可能無法在廣播中播出。1954年，埃爾維斯·普雷斯利為菲利普斯錄制了他的第一張唱片。不到兩年，普雷斯利成為世界上最閃耀的流行音樂明星，即使今日，他仍被稱為“搖滾樂之王”。他有17首冠軍單曲和10張冠軍專輯。只有一個(gè)音樂組合曾賣出更多唱片。1960spopmusicWithsalesofmorethan1billionrecords,theBritishpopgroupknownastheBeatleswasthesupremerockandrollbandofthe1960s.TheBeatlesbroughtWesternpopmusictoaudiencesaroundtheworld.WherevertheBeatleswent,therewasaphenomenoncalled‘Beatlemania’—thousandsoffanswouldsurroundthem,screamingeq\o(○,\s\up1(30))andgoingcrazyeq\o(○,\s\up1(31))tryingtoseethemeq\o(○,\s\up1(32)).In1965,theBeatlesheldaconcertatSheaStadiuminNewYorkeq\o(○,\s\up1(33))thatwasattendedbyapproximately55,000people.Itwasoneofthefirstconcertsheldinasportsstadiumeq\o(○,\s\up1(34))andperhapsthelargestconcerthelduptothattime.Inmany,manyways,theBeatleswerepioneersforwhatwastocome:Nowadays,concertsheldinsportsstadiumsarecommon,anditseemsthateveryfewyearsthereisanewboybandtryingtobringbackthemagicoftheBeatles.However,eventhoughtheBeatlesbrokeupeq\o(○,\s\up1(35))in1970,nogroupsincehasevercomeclosetobeingaspopularorsellingasmanyrecords.eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))scream/skri?m/vi.尖叫，高聲喊；呼嘯n.尖叫，尖銳刺耳的聲音eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))gocrazy發(fā)瘋eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))現(xiàn)在分詞短語screamingandgoingcrazytrying...作surround的伴隨狀語。同時(shí)tryingtoseethem又作screamingandgoingcrazy的伴隨狀語。eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))thatwasattendedby...是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾aconcert。eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))過去分詞短語heldinasportsstadium作后置定語，修飾concerts。eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))breakup破裂，解散；破碎20世紀(jì)60年代的流行音樂,擁有超過10億張的唱片銷量，英國流行樂隊(duì)“披頭士”或譯“甲殼蟲”是20世紀(jì)60年代首屈一指的搖滾樂隊(duì)。“披頭士”將西方的流行音樂帶給了全世界的聽眾。無論“披頭士”樂隊(duì)到哪里，都會出現(xiàn)一種“披頭士狂”現(xiàn)象——成千上萬的歌迷圍住他們，尖叫著，瘋狂地想見他們一面。1965年，“披頭士”樂隊(duì)在紐約謝伊露天體育場舉辦了一場音樂會，大約有55000人參加。這是首批在體育場中舉辦的音樂會中的一場，可能也是截至當(dāng)時(shí)最大規(guī)模的音樂會。在許多方面，“披頭士”樂隊(duì)是引領(lǐng)未來的先鋒：如今，在體育館中舉辦音樂會已經(jīng)很平常，而且似乎每過幾年就會有一個(gè)新的男孩樂隊(duì)出現(xiàn)，試圖重現(xiàn)“披頭士”樂隊(duì)的魅力。但是，盡管“披頭士”樂隊(duì)在1970年就解散了，但從那以后沒有一個(gè)樂隊(duì)能夠望其項(xiàng)背，如此受歡迎，并銷售出如此多的唱片。Step1Choosethebestanswersaccordingtothetext.1．ThefollowingstatementsarerightEXCEPTthat________.A．inthelatepartofthe19thcentury,blackmusiciansusedfolksongstocreateakindofmusiccalledthebluesB．modernpopmusichasitsrootsinthefolksongsofblackAmericansC．LouisArmstrongwasoneofthefathersofbluesD．jazzsprungupfromtheblues2．AllofthefollowinginformationaboutLouisArmstrongisrightEXCEPTthat________.A．hewasablacktrumpetplayerB．hewasablacksingerC．helikedtochangethemusicashewasplayingittoreflecthisfeelingsatthetimeD．hedislikedbluessohecreatedjazz3．Rockandrollbecamepopular________.A．fromtheearly1930sB．duringtheearly1950sC．inthe1920sD．inthe1960s4．Accordingtothetext,weknowthat________.A．BigJoeTurnerwasoneofthefirstrockandrollmusiciansB．LouisArmstrongplayedrockandrollbetterthanBigJoeTurnerC．BillHaleywasoncethoughtofthebestsingerintheworldD．a(chǎn)llthebestmusicinAmericawascreatedbytheblackpeople5．WhichstatementabouttheBeatlesisWRONGaccordingtothetext?A．TheBeatleswasthesupremerockandrollbandofthe1960s.B．TheBeatlesbroughtWesternpopmusictoaudiencesaroundtheworld.C．TheBeatlesonceheldaconcertatSheaStadiuminNewYork.D．TheBeatlesonlyhadwomensingers.答案：1～5CDBADStep2Fillineachblankwithonlyonewordaccordingtothetext.FromthebluestopopEarlyjazzOriginComingfromtheblues,thefolksongsofAmericansblack1.slavesOneofthefathersLouisArmstrong,2.differentfrommostmusicians,couldchangethemusichewasplayingtoreflecthisfeelingsatthetime.Characteristics●Itisfasterandlivelier.●Theplayerhastheabilityto3.adaptthemusicwhileplayingit.FromR&Btorockandroll●Withtraditionaljazz4.declininggradually,R&Btookitsplace.●R&B5.combinedthefastpaceofmanykindsofjazzwiththeolderbluessound.●Rockandrollbecamepopularduringtheearly1950s.BigJoeTurnerAfter6.turningtoR&Bfromjazz,herecordedShake,RattleandRoll.BillHaleyandtheCometsThebandrecordedRockAroundtheClock,whichbecamethenumberonehit,7.makingrockmusicpopulararoundtheworld.SamPhilipsTobringrockmusictowhiteaudiences,hehadtousewhitesingers,thusmakingElvisPresley“theKingofRockandRoll”．Popmusicinthe1960sTheBeatles●Beingthe8.supremerockandrollbandofthe1960s.●Makingpopmusicpopulararoundtheworld.●WherevertheBeatleswent,therebeinga9.phenomenoncalled“Beatlemania”．●10.Breakingupin1970.一、這樣記單詞記得準(zhǔn)·寫得對記得快·記得多Ⅰ.基礎(chǔ)詞匯1.rootn．起源，起因；根，根莖2.formatn.形式；格式；版式3.libertyn.自由4.declinen.衰落，衰?。幌陆?；減少vt.&v5.trendn.趨勢；動向6.bandn.樂隊(duì)；一伙人；帶子；條紋7.seekvt.&v8.screamvi.尖叫，高聲喊；呼嘯n.尖叫，尖銳刺耳的聲音Ⅱ.拓展詞匯1.slaveryn．奴隸身份；奴隸制→slaven．奴隸→slavern．奴隸販子2.tendencyn．傾向，偏好；趨勢，趨向→tendv．傾向；趨向3.gradualadj.逐漸的，逐步的；平緩的，不陡的→graduallyadv.逐漸地；逐步地4.prejudicen．偏見，成見vt.使懷有(或形成)偏見→prejudicedadj.有偏見的；有成見的；偏頗的；偏心的5.discriminationn．歧視，區(qū)別對待；辨別力，鑒賞力→discriminatev．辨別，區(qū)分；歧視→discriminatingadj.有辨別力的；有識別力的；有鑒賞力的1.formatn．形式；格式；版式[記法]form(形狀)＋-at→以……形式→格式[詞塊]①fileformat文件格式②adoptdifferentformats采用不同的版式2.gradualadj.逐漸的，逐步的；平緩的，不陡的[記法]grad(步)＋-ual(形容詞后綴)→逐步的，漸漸的[詞塊]agradualchargeinclimate氣候的逐漸變化[近義]slowadj.慢慢的[反義]suddenadj.突然的3.declinen．衰敗，衰落；下降；減少vt.&vi.衰落；下降；婉言謝絕[記法]de-(向下)＋cline(傾斜)→向下傾斜→下降[詞塊]declineaninvitationtodinner謝絕宴請[近義]①decreasev．下降②refusev．拒絕[反義]increasev．增加4.trendn．趨勢；動向[詞塊]thelatesttrendinfashion服裝界最新的潮流[近義]①tendencyn．趨勢②currentn．潮流5.prejudicen．偏見，成見vt.使懷有(或形成)偏見[記法]pre-(先)＋judice(判斷)→事前的判斷→偏見[詞塊]racialprejudice種族偏見[近義]discriminationn.歧視二、這樣記短語記牢固定短語多積常用詞塊1.springup突然興起，迅速出現(xiàn)2．breakup破裂；破碎；結(jié)束；散開；解散3．danceto伴隨……而跳舞4．gocrazy變得瘋狂，發(fā)瘋5．turnout結(jié)果是，證明是6．bringback帶回7．combine...with把……與……結(jié)合8．turnto轉(zhuǎn)向，求助于9．berecognizedas...被認(rèn)為是……10．leadto導(dǎo)致1.takeabrieflookat簡要地回顧2．haveatendencytodosth.有做某事的趨勢3．a(chǎn)tthe/thattime當(dāng)時(shí)4．theabilitytodosth.做某事的能力5．gointoagradualdecline漸漸走向沒落6．a(chǎn)newmusicaltrend一種新的音樂趨勢7．becomeahit轟動一時(shí)8．ontheradio通過收音機(jī)9．holdaconcert舉行音樂會10．comecloseto接近三、這樣記句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Whiletheblueswaspopular,asamusicalformatitlackedvarietyandwastoosad...盡管藍(lán)調(diào)音樂非常受歡迎，但作為一種音樂形式，它缺少變化，而且太傷感……while意為“盡管”，作從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。Whilesuchadrughasnotbeendeveloped,ongoingresearchsuggestsitispossibletodoso.盡管這種藥還沒有研發(fā)出來，目前的研究表明這是可能的。2.WherevertheBeatleswent,therewasaphenomenoncalled‘Beatlemania’—thousandsoffanswouldsurroundthem...無論“披頭士”樂隊(duì)到哪里，都會出現(xiàn)一種“披頭士狂”現(xiàn)象——成千上萬的歌迷圍住他們……wherever意為“無論在/到什么地方”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。Wherever_his_mother_goes,_thechildholdsherhand.無論媽媽去哪兒，這孩子總牽著她的手。3....anditseemsthateveryfewyearsthereisanewboybandtryingtobringbackthemagicoftheBeatles.……而且似乎每過幾年就會有一個(gè)新的男孩樂隊(duì)出現(xiàn)，試圖重現(xiàn)“披頭士”樂隊(duì)的魅力。itseemsthat...意為“似乎，好像……”，that引導(dǎo)表語從句。It_seems_thattheskywillclearup,anditpromisestobeafinedaytomorrow.天空似乎馬上要放晴了，預(yù)示著明天是個(gè)好天氣。1．(教材P30)Duringthelatepartofthe19thcentury,blackmusiciansusedthesefolksongstocreateakindofmusiccalledtheblues,becauseithadatendencytobeverysad.在19世紀(jì)晚期，黑人音樂家們根據(jù)這些民歌創(chuàng)造了一種被稱作藍(lán)調(diào)音樂(又譯布魯斯)的音樂形式，因?yàn)檫@種音樂有憂傷的趨勢。tendencyn．傾向，偏好；趨勢，趨向(1)atendencyto/towards...傾向于……h(huán)aveatendencytodosth.傾向于做某事(2)tendvi.&vt.傾向；趨向；照料，護(hù)理tendto/towardssth.傾向；趨于；趨向tendtodosth.往往會/常常會/趨向于做某事tend(to)sb./sth.照料/護(hù)理某人/某物①Jack'stendencytobemercifulmadehimpopularwithhisco-workers.杰克仁慈的性格使他在同事中很受歡迎。②Thereisatendencyforunemploymenttoriseinsummer.夏天，失業(yè)有上升的趨勢。③Shetendstogetangrywhenothersdisagreewithher.別人不同意她的看法時(shí)，她往往會生氣。④Thegirlswerestandingatthegateandtending_to_customerswithsmiles.姑娘們站在門口，笑迎顧客。2．(教材P30)Thus,fromtheblues,theresprungupafaster,livelierkindofmusiccalledjazz.于是，從藍(lán)調(diào)音樂中發(fā)展出一種節(jié)奏更輕快、更活潑的音樂形式，叫作爵士樂。springup突然興起；迅速出現(xiàn)；跳起①Fastfoodrestaurantsarespringingupalloverthetown.快餐店突然在全城興起了。②Doubtssprang_upinhismind.他心中開始產(chǎn)生懷疑。springtolife/intoaction突然活躍起來springtomind立刻出現(xiàn)在腦海中springfrom來自于，出身于③Thetownsprings_to_lifeduringthecarnival.狂歡節(jié)期間全城突然活躍起來。④Theideaforthenovelsprang_fromatriptoIndia.寫這部小說的想法源于一次去印度的旅行。3．(教材P30)Fromtheearly1930stotheearly1950s,traditionaljazzwentintoagradualdecline,andwasreplacedbyanewmusicaltrendknownasrhythmandblues,orR&B.從20世紀(jì)30年代初期到20世紀(jì)50年代初期，傳統(tǒng)的爵士樂漸漸走向沒落，被一種叫作節(jié)奏藍(lán)調(diào)(節(jié)奏布魯斯搖擺樂)或R&B的新音樂趨勢所取代。declinen．衰落，衰??；減少；下降vi.&vt.衰落；下降；婉言謝絕eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(1indecline,onthedecline))在減退，在削減declineinsth.在……方面下降(2)declinetodosth.拒絕/謝絕做某事①Thelatestcommunicationfromthemarketshowsthesalesoftheircompanyisindecline/onthedecline.最新的市場信息表明他們公司的銷量正在下滑。②Thestardeclinedto_discusshisplanswiththenewspaperreporters.這位影星謝絕與新聞記者討論他的計(jì)劃。③Herhealthhas_been_decliningprogressivelyforseveralmonths.幾個(gè)月以來她的健康狀況一直在惡化。④Icannotbutdeclinehisoffer.我不得不拒絕他的提議。trendn．趨勢，動向，傾向(1)atrendtowards……方面的趨勢/動向/潮流/風(fēng)氣(2)set/startanewtrendof...開創(chuàng)……的新潮流/風(fēng)氣①M(fèi)anyelderlypeoplearenotfamiliarwiththetrendofmodernlifestylenow.現(xiàn)在許多上了年紀(jì)的人對現(xiàn)代生活方式的潮流不熟悉。②Butrecently,wehaveseenagradualtrend_towardshealthierfood.但是近來我們注意到，人們逐漸傾向于更健康的食物。③ThefilmRambostarted/set_a_new_trend_ofviolentactionmovies.電影《第一滴血》開創(chuàng)了暴力動作影片的新潮流。4．(教材P31)Intheearly1950s,arecordcompanyownerfromMemphis,Tennessee,SamPhilips,soughttobringrockmusictowhiteaudiences.在20世紀(jì)50年代早期，一位來自田納西州孟菲斯城的唱片公司老板薩姆·菲利普斯試圖將搖滾樂帶給白人觀眾。seekvt.&vi.試圖，設(shè)法；尋找，尋求seekone'sfortune尋找發(fā)財(cái)機(jī)會；外出闖蕩seeksth.fromsb.向某人征求/尋求某物seektodosth.設(shè)法/試圖做某事seekout搜尋出；找出；挑出；努力尋找seekafter追求；尋找seekfor找尋；尋求①M(fèi)anyyoungpeoplewenttoseektheirfortuneabroad.許多年輕人去國外尋找發(fā)財(cái)?shù)臋C(jī)會。②Russiaisseekingto_slowthegrowthofitsinflation.俄羅斯政府正力圖遏制本國的通貨膨脹。③Theysoughtinvainforsomewheretoshelter.他們怎么也找不到一個(gè)藏身的地方。④Youshouldseek_advice_fromyourparentsonthisproblem.關(guān)于這個(gè)問題你應(yīng)該征求你父母的建議。5．(教材P31)However,eventhoughtheBeatlesbrokeupin1970,nogroupsincehasevercomeclosetobeingaspopularorsellingasmanyrecords.但是，盡管“披頭士”樂隊(duì)在1970年就解散了，但從那以后沒有一個(gè)樂隊(duì)能夠望其項(xiàng)背，如此受歡迎，并銷售出如此多的唱片。breakup破裂，解散；破碎；分解；結(jié)束；分手①Iwanttoplantmorebushestobreakupthegardenabit.我想多種些矮樹叢把花園稍微分隔成幾部分。②Whattimeisthemeetingexpectedtobreak_up?會議預(yù)計(jì)在幾點(diǎn)鐘結(jié)束？breakdown出故障，壞掉；垮掉breakin破門而入；打斷(談話等)breakinto強(qiáng)行闖入；突然……起來breakout(戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)等)爆發(fā)；發(fā)生breakawayfrom脫離；逃離breakoff中斷；折斷；突然停止breakthrough突破；克服③Dadwouldoccasionallybreak_inwithasuggestion.爸爸偶爾會插話，提出建議。④Iwasencouragedto_break_away_fromoldformsandrules.大家鼓勵我破除舊形式和舊框框。⑤IfTimcarriesonworkinglikethis,he'llbreakdownsoonerorlater.如果蒂姆繼續(xù)這樣工作，身體遲早會垮掉。eq\a\vs4\al([詞匯對點(diǎn)訓(xùn)])單項(xiàng)填空1．—Nowadaysfewpeopleliveinaplacepermanently,andpopulationmobilityisa________.—Yes.Thepresentworldismoreonthe________thaneverbefore.A．tendency;go B．trend;moveC．phenomenon;move D．fashion;go解析：選B句意：“現(xiàn)在很少有人永久地住在一個(gè)地方，人口遷移是一種趨勢。”“是的。當(dāng)今世界比以前更在移動變化中?！眛endency“傾向，趨勢”；trend“趨勢，動向”；phenomenon“現(xiàn)象”；fashion“流行，潮流”。onthego“忙個(gè)不停”；onthemove“在移動中”。根據(jù)語境可知應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。2．Mostpeoplearenotextremesineitherdirectionbutdohavea________thattheyprefer.A．meditation B．tendencyC．imagination D．expectation解析：選B句意：多數(shù)人在任何一個(gè)方面都不走極端，但他們的確有偏好。meditation“沉思，深思”；tendency“趨向，趨勢”；imagination“想象”；expectation“期待，預(yù)期”。3．—JuliaandColinendedtheirrelationshiplastyear.—Whatmadetheirmarriage________？A．stayup B．breakupC．springup D．hangup解析：選Bstayup“熬夜，不睡覺”；breakup“散開，破裂，終止”；springup“迅速出現(xiàn)，突然興起”；hangup“掛斷電話，擱置，拖延”。兩人的婚姻應(yīng)該是破裂或終止，故B項(xiàng)正確。4．WiththedevelopmentofthecentralandwesternChina,moreandmorecitieshave________inwhatwasawastelandtenyearsago.A．builtup B．sprungupC．grownup D．risenup解析：選B句意：隨著中西部地區(qū)的發(fā)展，十年前的廢棄土地上涌現(xiàn)出了越來越多的城市。springup“突然興起，迅速出現(xiàn)”，符合句意。buildup“建立，增進(jìn)”；growup“成長”；riseup“起義”。5．—They________outtheproblem,butfailed.—Whatashame!Havetheyfoundoutanotherway?A．soughttowork B．soughtworkingC．managedtowork D．managedworking解析：選Aseek后面接動詞不定式作賓語，表示“嘗試；試圖”。句意：“他們試圖解決這個(gè)難題，但是失敗了。”“多么遺憾！他們發(fā)現(xiàn)另一個(gè)方法了嗎？”managetodosth.意思是“設(shè)法做成了某事”，從后文的butfailed可以看出這里沒有成功，所以不能選C和D項(xiàng)；seek表示“嘗試；試圖”，后面不接動名詞。6．(浙江高考)Accordingtoscientists,ourmentalabilitiesbeginto________fromtheageof27afterreachingthehighestlevelat22.A．differ B．shrinkC．fail D．decline解析：選D句意：據(jù)科學(xué)家說，我們的思維能力在22歲達(dá)到頂峰后，從27歲開始下降。decline“下降”，符合題意。differ表示“與……不同”；shrink表示“收縮”；fail表示“失敗”，均與語境不符。1．WherevertheBeatleswent,therewasaphenomenoncalled‘Beatlemania’—thousandsoffanswouldsurroundthem,screamingandgoingcrazytryingtoseethem.無論“披頭士”樂隊(duì)到哪里，都會出現(xiàn)一種“披頭士狂”現(xiàn)象——成千上萬的歌迷圍住他們，尖叫著，瘋狂地想見他們一面。(1)wherever用作連詞，表示“無論在/到什么地方”，相當(dāng)于nomatterwhere。wherevertheBeatleswent在此句中是讓步狀語從句，相當(dāng)于nomatterwheretheBeatleswent。①Whereveryougo,keepintouchwithme,please.無論你去哪里，請與我保持聯(lián)絡(luò)。(2)whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等既可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，又可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，可以與“nomatter＋疑問詞”互換?！皀omatter＋疑問詞”只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，不可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。②It'swrongtogivechildrenwhatever_they_want.孩子們要什么就給什么是錯誤的。(此處不能用nomatterwhat代替whatever)③Youcanturntothepeople'spoliceforhelp,no_matter_what/whateverkindoftroubleyouarein.無論遇到什么困難，你都可以求助于人民警察。④Whenever(＝No_matter_when)youcome,youwillbewarmlywelcomed.無論什么時(shí)候來，你都會受到熱烈歡迎。2．Nowadays,concertsheldinsportsstadiumsarecommon,anditseemsthateveryfewyearsthereisanewboybandtryingtobringbackthemagicoftheBeatles.如今，在體育館中舉辦音樂會已經(jīng)很平常，而且似乎每過幾年就會有一個(gè)新的男孩樂隊(duì)出現(xiàn)，試圖重現(xiàn)“披頭士”樂隊(duì)的魅力。Itseemsthat...為固定句型，意為“似乎，好像……”，相當(dāng)于Sb./Sth.seemsto...①Itseemsthatvictoryisjustastone'sthrow.＝Victoryseems_to_bejustastone'sthrow.看來成功只有一步之遙了。②Itseemedthathisopinionwasmorepractical.＝Hisopinionseemed_to_be_more_practical.看起來他的意見更實(shí)際一些。eq\a\vs4\al([句型對點(diǎn)訓(xùn)])完成句子1．同樣，在和平年代，凡是有苦難的地方，人們都期望得到紅十字會的援助。Inpeace,too,theRedCrossisexpectedtosendhelpwherever_there_is_human_suffering.2．我們無法得知，為什么一個(gè)人有重大發(fā)現(xiàn)，而另一個(gè)人卻失敗了。(全國卷Ⅰ改編)There'snowayofknowingwhyonemanmakesanimportantdiscoverywhile_another_man_fails.3．他似乎害怕告訴父母考試沒及格。It_seems_thatheisafraidtotellhisparentsthefailureintheexams.Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Moneyisoftensaidtobetheroot(根源)ofallevil.2．Thetendency(趨勢)forwomentomarryandbearchildrenlaterresultsinpopulationdecreasing.3．TheStatueofLiberty(自由)inNewYorkHarbourwaspresentedbythepeopleofFrance.4．Iofferedhimalifttohishouse,buthedeclined(婉言謝絕)withthanks.5．Stronglyopposedtoracialdiscrimination(歧視),heinsiststhateveryonebetreatedequally.6．Canyouimaginepeoplebeingsoldasslaves(奴隸)?7．Thebookhasbeenstyledinamodernformat(樣式),whichismorepopularamongtheyoung.8．Ajudgemustbefreefromprejudice(偏見)．9．Gradually(逐漸地),thesoundoffootstepsdiedaway.10．Thefansscreamed(尖叫)withexcitementwhentheysawhim.Ⅱ.完成句子1．我們外出度假期間，竊賊破門而入，偷走了價(jià)值900英鎊的計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)備。Burglarsbroke_inandstolecomputerequipmentworth￡900whilewewereawayonholiday.2．食用過多的糖會引起健康問題。Eatingtoomuchsugarcanlead_to_health_problems.3．他好像已經(jīng)決定放棄出國學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會了。It_seems_thathehasdecidedtogiveuphisopportunitytostudyabroad.4．是他們開創(chuàng)了過低碳生活的新潮流。Itwastheythatset/started_a_new_trend_oflivingalow-carbonlife.5．患癌癥后，他的健康每況愈下。Afterhehadsufferedfromcancer,hishealthwason_the_decline.6．無論你多么努力，如果不減少飲食，那么減肥是很難做到的。However/No_matter_how_hard_you_try,_itisdifficulttoloseweightwithoutcuttingdowntheamountyoueat.7．你需要尋求幫助，弄明白你為什么拿那些東西，以便你不會再繼續(xù)這種行為。Youneedto_seek_help_to_find_outwhyyoutookthosethingssothatyouwon'tcontinuethiskindofbehavior.8．據(jù)說中國人(總是)為別人而活，而美國人為他們自己而活。ItissaidthatChinesepeoplearelivingforothers,while_the_Americans_are_for_themselves.9．如今，新樓房四處涌現(xiàn)，滿足了人們改善住房條件的需求。Nowadaysnewbuildingsare_springing_up_everywhere,_satisfyingpeople'sdemandsforbetterhousingconditions.10．這種藥很有效，但可能會引起頭痛。Thedrugiseffectivebuthasa_tendency_to_cause_headaches.一、打牢語言基礎(chǔ)，基穩(wěn)才能樓高[單元語言點(diǎn)綜合練習(xí)]Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空1．Abeautifulsunsetisa(n)________sight,whichimpressedmemostinmychildhood.A．a(chǎn)wesome B．troublesomeC．hopeful D．harmless解析：選A句意：太陽下山時(shí)的景色令人嘆為觀止，這是我兒時(shí)印象最深刻的。awesome“極好的，令人驚嘆的”；troublesome“麻煩的，討厭的，棘手的”；hopeful“抱有希望的，有希望的”；harmless“無害的”。2．Tuhao,datingbackperhapsasfarastheSouthernDynasty,has________itsnewmeaninginthepastfewyears.A．takenon B．putonC．carriedon D．dependedon解析：選A句意：可能會追溯到遠(yuǎn)至南朝時(shí)期的“土豪”一詞這幾年來已經(jīng)呈現(xiàn)新的含義。takeon“呈現(xiàn)，承擔(dān)”；puton“穿上，上演”；carryon“繼續(xù)進(jìn)行”；dependon“依靠，依賴”。3．Johnswimsverywell,butIdon'tliketheway________healwaysshowsoffinpublic.A．which B．howC．bywhich D．/解析：選D分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)定語從句并代替先行詞theway在從句中作狀語，此時(shí)用that或inwhich引導(dǎo)定語從句，that或inwhich可以省略。4．Theyweresorigidthattheirdecisionwasbasedonignoranceand________.A．reputation B．demandC．decline D．prejudice解析：選D句意：他們是如此刻板，以至于他們的決定是建立在無知和偏見的基礎(chǔ)上。reputation“名譽(yù)，聲望”；demand“要求，需求”；decline“衰落，衰敗，下降”；prejudice“偏見”。5．ShehasalargecollectionofCDs.Itis________toeveryonethatshelovesmusic.A．general B．typicalC．normal D．evident解析：選D句意：她收藏了很多光盤。顯然，大家都清楚她熱愛音樂。general“一般的，大體的”；typical“特有的，典型的”；normal“正常的”；evident“清楚的，顯然的”。6．—Thisteachingmethodseemsgood.—True.Itcanbe________inafewselectedschoolstoseehowitworksinpractice.A．workedout B．letoutC．triedout D．pickedout解析：選C句意：“這個(gè)教學(xué)方法似乎很好?！薄笆堑模梢赃x一些學(xué)校試驗(yàn)，看在實(shí)踐中如何奏效?！眞orkout意為“解決；算出；實(shí)現(xiàn)”；letout意為“發(fā)出；泄露；出租”；tryout意為“試驗(yàn)”；pickout意為“挑選出”。根據(jù)語境可知C項(xiàng)正確。7．(2014·浙江高考)Joeisproudand________，neveradmittingheiswrongandalwayslookingforsomeoneelsetoblame.A．strict B．sympatheticC．stubborn D．sensitive解析：選Cstrict“嚴(yán)格的”；sympathetic“富有同情心的”；stubborn“頑固的，固執(zhí)的”；sensitive“敏感的”。從后半句的句意“(喬)從來不承認(rèn)自己是錯的，總是(把錯誤)歸咎于別人”可知，喬是一個(gè)自負(fù)而又“固執(zhí)的”人。8．Itwasclearthatthesmallgrocerwas________peopleheowedmoneyto.A．a(chǎn)ttheexpenseof B．a(chǎn)ttheriskofC．inthewayof D．a(chǎn)tthemercyof解析：選D句意：顯然，這家小雜貨鋪店主任由他的債主們擺布。atthemercyof“任……處置，對……無能為力”，固定短語，符合語境。attheexpenseof“以……為代價(jià)，靠犧牲……”；attheriskof“冒……的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”；inthewayof“作為……的手段”，都不符合題意。9．—Didyoucatch________sightofatallTVtowerinthedistancejustnow?—Yes,andnowit'soutof________sight.A．/;the B．/；/C．the;the D．a(chǎn);a解析：選B句意：“剛才你看見遠(yuǎn)處有一座高高的電視塔了嗎？”“是的，現(xiàn)在看不見了?！眂atchsightof“看見”，outofsight“看不見”，sight前面均不用冠詞。10．They________inlovewitheachotherforthreeyears,buttheyhavenotdecidedtogetmarried.A．were B．fellC．havebeen D．havefallen解析：選C句意：他們已經(jīng)相愛三年了，但是他們還沒決定結(jié)婚。根據(jù)題干中的forthreeyears可知，只能是havebeeninlove,故C項(xiàng)正確。注意beinlove和fallinlove都是“愛上，喜歡上”之意，但用法不同。前者表示一種“愛，喜歡”的狀態(tài)，可以與“一段時(shí)間”連用，而后者表示動作，不可以與“一段時(shí)間”連用。Ⅱ.完成句子1．我從來沒遇見過這么仁厚的人。Ihavenever_met_such_a_kind_man.2．再過些時(shí)候我們才能知道全部結(jié)果。It_will_be_some_time_beforeweknowthefullresults.3．他對職業(yè)婦女有偏見。Hehas_a_prejudice_againstcareerwomen.4．去年這個(gè)海島的游客人數(shù)減少了10%。Thenumberoftouriststotheislanddeclined_by_10%lastyear.5．簡人倒不錯，就是往往太嘮叨了。Jean'snicebutshehas_a_tendency_to_talktoomuch.6．我母親因我對你態(tài)度粗魯而訓(xùn)斥了我。Mymotherscolded_me_for_being_rudetoyou.7．你有能力做我的秘書嗎？Doyouhave_the_ability_to_workasmysecretary?8．你猜他會去哪兒，北京還是上海？Where_do_you_guess_he_will_go,_BeijingorShanghai?9．無論他在什么地方都快樂。Wherever/Nomatterwherehemaybe,hewillbehappy.10．在你告訴湯姆真相前，他似乎還不知道這件事。Tomseemed_not_to_have_knownitbeforeyoutoldhimthetruth.二、勤練語篇閱讀，多練自能生巧Ⅰ.完形填空WhenIdecidedtogethealthy,Ihadtobreakbadhabits.Thisisnota(n)__1__task.Butit'sfunny,whenyou're__2__toreachagoal,youwilldostrangethings.IknowIdid!OneofthehabitsIhadtobreakwasmyexcessive__3__onfood.It'shardto__4__，butit'strue.IhadtolearntodealwithwhyI__5__sooften.Iamanursenow.Myearliernursing__6__gavemeenoughintelligencetoknowthatIreliedonfoodtomakemefeelbetter__7__.IatewhenIwasstressed,IatewhenIwas__8__，andIatealotwhenIfeltfear.Well,you__9__it—Ioveratedaily.Yetovereatingtocopewithmy__10__wasaverybadhabitIhadtobreaktogethealthy.Overthepast9yearsinkeepingmy__11__down,Ilearnthowtodealwithlife'schallengeswithout__12__.How?IguessthebestwaytoanswerthatquestionistosayIthinkthingsthroughbefore__13__.MaybeIusemyintelligence__14__myfeelings.Buttheveryfirststepformetogethealthywasto__15__thatusingfoodto__16__myfeelingswasabadhabit.OnceIacceptedthis,Itookcontrolofmyeating.__17__Iacceptedthis,myfeelingstookcontrolofme.Iadmitbreakingabadhabitis__18__，especiallyifyoudiditforalongtime.ButI'llalsoadmit,gainingcontrolofyoureatingandyourlifeisamuchbetter__19__thatopensdoorstoother__20__togethealthy.語篇解讀：本文主要講“我”曾經(jīng)利用食物來控制情緒，結(jié)果自己吃得過多。現(xiàn)在為了健康，“我”要改掉這個(gè)壞習(xí)慣，控制飲食。1．A.difficult B．easyC．challenging D．tough解析：選B改掉壞習(xí)慣不是一個(gè)“容易的(easy)”任務(wù)。2．A.motivated B．interestedC．a(chǎn)ttracted D．forced解析：選A但是有趣的是，當(dāng)你被激勵要達(dá)到某個(gè)目標(biāo)的時(shí)候，你會做奇怪的事情。bemotivatedtodosth.“被激勵做某事”。故選A。3．A.excitement B．researchC．taste D．dependency解析：選D其中一個(gè)“我”需要改掉的習(xí)慣就是對食物的過度依賴。根據(jù)下文中的“Ireliedonfood”的提示可知，選D。4．A.recognize B．realizeC．find D．a(chǎn)dmit解析：選D承認(rèn)這一點(diǎn)很難，但這是真的。根據(jù)下文中的“Iadmitbreakingabadhabitis__18__”的提示可知，選D。5．A.overcame B．overlookedC．overate D．overpaid解析：選C“我”不得不學(xué)會處理為什么“我”經(jīng)常吃很多。根據(jù)下文中的“Ioveratedaily”的提示可知，選C。6．A.experience B．tasksC．plans D．training解析：選D“我”早期的護(hù)士培訓(xùn)給了“我”足夠的智慧讓“我”知道依賴食物使“我”感覺更好一點(diǎn)。故選D。7．A.constantly B．physicallyC．mentally D．heartily解析：選C吃食物來控制情緒能使“我”在精神上感覺更好，故此空選C。constantly“不斷地”；physically“身體上”；mentally“精神上”；heartily“盡情地”。8．A.scared B．sadC．inspired D．encouraged解析：選B根據(jù)空格前面的“whenIwasstressed”和后面的“whenIfeltfear”可知，此空應(yīng)選B。9．A.guessed B．predictedC．expressed D．ensured解析：選A你(可能)猜到了，“我”每天都吃多了。故選A。predict“預(yù)測”；express“表達(dá)”；ensure“確定”，均不符合語境。10．A.conditions B．emotionsC．problems D．situations解析：選B為了健康，“我”不得不改掉通過多吃來控制情緒的壞習(xí)慣。根據(jù)下文中的“usemyintelligence__14__myfeelings”的提示可知，選B。11．A.weight B．mindC．mood D．spirit解析：選A在過去的九年中，為了減肥，“我”學(xué)會了如何不靠食物來解決生活中的挑戰(zhàn)。所以這里應(yīng)該是指減肥“keepweightdown”。12．A.help B．supp