水利水文術語表 中英對照

___________________________________________________________________________________________________水圈hydrosphere水體waterbody水科學waterscience水文學hydrology陸地水文學landhydrology應用水文學appliedhydrology工程水文學engineeringhydrology水汽watervapour水文要素hydrologicelements積雪snowcover終雪latestsnow融雪snowmelt冰雹hail截留interception填洼depressiondetention地面滯留surfacedetention陸面蒸發(fā)evaporationof水面蒸發(fā)evaporationofwatersurface土壤蒸發(fā)evaporationfromsoil散發(fā)（植物蒸騰）transpiration蒸發(fā)能力evaporationcapability下滲（入滲）infiltration

穩(wěn)滲steadyinfiltration下滲能力infiltrationcapability河川徑流riverrunoff降雨徑流rainfallrunoff暴雨徑流stormrunoff融雪徑流snowmeltrunoff枯季徑流dryseasonrunoff基流baseflow陰塞高壓blockinghigh低空急流low－leveljet低渦vortex反氣旋（高壓）anticyclone氣旋（低壓）cyclone熱帶氣旋tropiccyclone熱帶低壓tropicdepression熱帶風暴tropicstorm強熱帶風暴severetropicstorm氣團airmass鋒（鋒面）front氣象meteorology氣候區(qū)劃climaticregionalization氣候帶climaticzone精品資

___________________________________________________________________________________________________小氣候microclimate副熱帶（亞熱帶）subtropiczone比濕specifichumidity蒲福風級Beaufortwindscale霜點frostpoint霜凍frostbite無霜期frostfreeperiod流域watershed(basin)閉合流域enclosedbasin不閉合流域non－enclosedbasin閉流區(qū)（內(nèi)流區(qū)）blingdrainagearea分水線（分水嶺）divide流域幾何特征basingeometriccharacteristics河道復流（河道再生）resurgence常年河perennialstream間歇河intermittentstream懸河（地上河）elevatedstream奪流河（斷頭河）capturedriver盈水河gainingstream虧水河losingstream暴洪河流flashystream

界河boundaryriver廢河道（古河道）deadriver凹岸concavebank凸岸convexbank岸壁landwall水邊線（岸線）waterline堤防levee河長riverlength河彎riverbend彎曲率tortuosity航道navigablechannel河段reach潛洲submergedbar水利學hydraulics明渠水力學openchannelhydraulics水靜力學hydrostatics水動力學hydrodynamics明渠水流openchannelflow恒定流steadyflow非恒定流unsteadyflow均勻流（等速流）uniformflow非均勻流（變速流）non－uniformflow精品資

___________________________________________________________________________________________________急流supercriticalflow緩流subcriticalflow異重流densitycurrent臨界流criticalflow臨界水深criticaldepth臨界流速criticalvelocity臨界流量criticaldischarge水頭head位置水頭（位能）elevationhead低強水頭（壓能）pressurehead流速水頭（動能）velocityhead雷諾數(shù)Reymoldnumber韋伯數(shù)Webernumber水力因素hydraulicfactor濕周wettedperimeter水力半徑hydraulicradius寬深比widthdepthratio落差fall駐波standingwave移動波translationwave河流動力學riverdynamics山洪侵蝕torrential

流域產(chǎn)沙量watershedsedimentyield溶解性總固體totaldissolvedsolids離子含量ionconcentration離子總量totalionconcentration離子流量iondischarge礦化度mineralcontent鹽度salinity堿度alkalinity酸度acidity電導率electricconductivity混濁度（濁度）turbidity總需氧量totaloxygen溶解氧dissolvedoxygen需氧量oxygendemand生化需氧量biochemicaloxygendemand滑雪需氧量chemicaloxygendemand硬度hardness非碳酸鹽硬度（永久硬度）non－carbonatehardness浮冰floatingice錨冰anchorice封凍期freeze－period精品資

___________________________________________________________________________________________________封凍（封河）freeze－up平封flatfreezeup立封uprightfreeze－冰蓋icecover連底凍groundedicecover冰丘icemound封凍冰緣iceedgeoffreeze－清溝lead初生清溝primarylead再生清溝secondarylead冰花路氈sludgeroadfelt冰上覆雪snowcoveroverice冰脊iceridge冰縫crack懸冰suspendedicecover冰堆icepack冰塞icejam冰上結冰aufeis解凍期breakupperiod冰變色colorchangeoficecover冰上有水a(chǎn)ccumulationofwater月中天lunartransit

引潮力tidalgenerationforce天文潮astronomictide氣象潮metorologictide潮汐周期tidalcycle半日潮semidiurnaltide全日潮diurnaltide混合潮mixedtide大潮springtide小潮neaptide中潮moderatetide太陰月lunarday潮期durationoftide漲潮歷時durationoftidalrise落潮歷時durationoftidalfall潮流tidalcurrent漲潮流floodtidalcurrent落潮流ebbtidalcurrent憩流slacktide潮流速tidalvelocity往復流reversingcurrent旋轉(zhuǎn)流rotarycurrent潮流期durationoftidalcurrent精品資

___________________________________________________________________________________________________漲潮流歷時durationoffloodcurrent地下水流速velocityofgroundwaterflow地下水坡度（地下水水面坡度）hydraulicgradientofgroundwater地下水等水位線圖water－contourmap含水層aquifer含水巖系watercontentrockseries含水巖組watercontentrockformation含水巖性watercontentrockproperty含水介質(zhì)waterhearingmedium均勻介質(zhì)homogeneousmedium非均勻介質(zhì)inhomogeneousmedium含水層邊界aquiferboundary透水邊界permeableboundary隔水邊界confiningboundary弱透水邊界acquitted透水層permeablebed隔水層confiningbed弱透水層acquitter水文地質(zhì)參數(shù)hydrogeologicalparameters滲透系數(shù)permeabilitycoefficient

導水系數(shù)(釋水系數(shù)）coefficientoftransmissivity貯水系數(shù)storativity水位傳導系數(shù)（水力擴散系數(shù)）coefficientofwatertableconductivity壓力傳導系數(shù)coefficientofpressureconductivity持水度waterholdingcapacity土壤水分常數(shù)soilmoistureconstants土壤吸濕系數(shù)absorptioncoefficientofsoilmoisture凋萎系數(shù)wiltingcoefficient田間持水量fieldcapacity毛管斷裂含水量moisturecontentatcapillary最大水分吸水量maximummolecularmoisturecontent零通量面法zerofluxplanemethod潛水phreaticwater降水入滲補給precipitationrecharge降水入滲補給系數(shù)coefficientofprecipitationrecharge精品資

___________________________________________________________________________________________________地表水補給surfacewaterrecharge凝結水補給condensationrecharge側向補給lateralrecharge越流補給leakagerecharge灌溉補給系數(shù)irrigationrechargecoefficientofgroundwater潛水蒸發(fā)phreaticwaterevaporation潛水蒸發(fā)臨界深度criticaldepthofphreaticwaterevaporation潛水溢出phreaticwateroverflowtosurface潛水位phreaticwaterlevel潛水埋深burieddepthofphreaticwaterlevel潛水含水層厚度thicknessofphreaticwateraquifer內(nèi)流湖endorheiclake淡水湖freshlake咸水湖saltlake鹽湖salinelake季節(jié)性湖泊seasonallake富營養(yǎng)湖泊eutrophiclake

貧營養(yǎng)湖泊poornutrientlake湖流lakecurrent梯度流gradientcurrent漂流currentoffriction湖泊波漾（假湖）lakeseiche湖泊增減水lakewinddenivellation湖泊率lakeratio湖泊補給系數(shù)rechargecoefficientlake湖泊換水周期lakeresidenceperiod湖盆lakebasin湖面高程elevationofwaterinlake島嶼率insulosity湖泊分層lakelayering正溫層directthermal逆溫層inversethermalstratification湖泊形態(tài)參數(shù)morphometricparameteroflake高位沼澤（貧營養(yǎng)沼澤）mainlevelmire中位沼澤（中營養(yǎng)沼澤）mediumlevelmire沼澤水量平衡waterbalanceof沼澤水mirewater沼澤蒸發(fā)mireevaporation精品資

___________________________________________________________________________________________________沼澤徑流mirerunoff沼澤表面流surfaceflowof沼澤表層流surfacelayerflowofmire沼澤含水性moisturepropertyofmire沼澤持水性waterretentionof沼澤透水性perviousnessofmire沼澤率mireratio冰川glacier山地冰川（山岳冰川）mountainglacier谷冰川valleyglacier寬尾冰川broad－tailglacier冰斗冰川cirqueglacier懸冰川hangingglacier貫通冰川（山麓冰川）penetrating冰原icefield冰川平衡線equilibriumlineof委托觀測entrustgauging水文儀器hydrologicinstrument直讀儀器directreadinginstrument自記儀器automatic－instrument遙測儀器remotetelemetry固態(tài)存貯器solidstorage

計數(shù)器counter記錄器recorder顯示器displayunit平均無故障工作時間meantimebetweenfailures相應水位equivalentstage水文測站hydrometricstation基本站basicstation輔助站auxiliarystation專用站specialstation水文試驗站hydraulicexperimentalstation基準水文站benchmarkhydrologicstation水文氣象站hydrometeorologystation巡測站tourgaugingstation水文站gaugingstation雨量站網(wǎng)raingaugingnetwork水面蒸發(fā)站網(wǎng)watersurfaceevaporationnetwork水位站網(wǎng)stagegaugingnetwork泥沙站網(wǎng)sedimentgaugingnetwork水質(zhì)站網(wǎng)waterqualitynetwork地下水觀測井網(wǎng)精品資

___________________________________________________________________________________________________groundwatervoservationwellnetwork站網(wǎng)規(guī)劃hydrologicnetworkplanning水文分區(qū)hydrologicregionalization站網(wǎng)布設networklayout容許最稀站網(wǎng)minimumnetwork設站年限stationrequiredage基面datum臨時水準點temporarybenchmark測驗斷面measuringcrosssection基本水尺斷面basicgaugecross－section流速儀測流斷面current－metermeasuringcrosssection浮斷面floatmeasuringcross－section比降水尺斷面slopemeasuringcrosssection輔助水尺斷面secondarygaugingcrosssection臨時測流斷面temporarymeasuringcross－section水文纜道hydrometriccableway懸索纜道suspendedcableway

懸桿纜道suspendedrodcableway機動纜道m(xù)otorizedcableway手動纜道hand－operatingcableway循環(huán)索loopcable起重索suspensioncable水文纜車hydrometriccablecar吊船過河索cablewayforanchoringboat纜道測驗儀cablewaymeasuringdevice水文測船hydrometricboat水文測橋hydrometricbridge橋測車gaugingvehicleonbridge水文巡測車tourgaugingvehiclehygrometry雨量器raingauge承水器raingaugereceiver量杯measuringglass渠積雨量器accumulativeraingauge雨量計rainfallrecorder虹吸式雨量計siphonrainfallrecorder翻斗式雨量計tipping－bucketrainfallrecorder長期雨量計long－termrainfallrecorder精品資

___________________________________________________________________________________________________遙測雨量計telemeteringrainfall測雨雷達precipitation－monitoringradar雪量線snowgauge雨雪量計rainandsnowrecorder蒸發(fā)量evaporation蒸發(fā)量觀測evaporationobservation蒸發(fā)量折算系數(shù)reductioncoefficientofevaporation遮擋率screenratio蒸發(fā)器evaporationpan小型蒸發(fā)蒸發(fā)皿）smallevaporationpanE－601型蒸發(fā)器evaporationpanofE－601漂浮蒸發(fā)器floatingevaporationpan蒸發(fā)計evaporimeter遇測蒸發(fā)計telemeteringevaporimeter鉤形水尺hookgauge最高水位水尺creststagegauge校核水尺checkgauge基本水尺斷面basicgauge輔助水尺斷面auxiliarygauge比降水尺斷面slopegauge

臨時水尺temporarygauge水位計stagegauge自記水位計stagerecorder浮子式水位計float－typestagerecorder壓力式水位計pressure－typestagerecorder超聲波水位計ultrasonicstagerecorder遙測水位計telemeteringstagerecorder接觸試水位計contact－typestage遠傳水位計telecontrolstagerecorder自記水位計臺stagerecorderinstallation靜水井stillingwell測得水深measureddepth有效水深effectivedepth相對水深relativedepth斷面平均水深meandepthatacross－section干繩改正airlinecorrection濕繩改正wetlinecorrection測點流速velocitymeasurement測速垂線surfacevelocity水面流速velocityatpoint精品資

___________________________________________________________________________________________________測點流速maximumpointvelocity最大測點流速velocitymeasuringvertical垂線平均流速meanvelocityatavertical部分平均流速meanvelocityatasegment斷面平均流速cross－sectionvelocitydistribution浮標流速pointvelocitycoefficient中泓流速surfacevelocitycoefficient流速分布velocitydistribution流速梯度velocitygradient垂線流速分布verticalvelocitydistribution斷面流速分布cross－sectionvelocitydistribution水面流速分布surfacevelocitycoefficient順流downstreamflow逆流upstreamflow流速脈動velocitypulsation中泓流速midstream流向測量flow－directionmeasurement體積法cubature流速儀currentmeter轉(zhuǎn)子式流速儀

rotating－elementcurrent－旋杯式流速儀cuptypecurrentmeter旋槳式速儀propeller－current－meter電波流速儀electricwavecurrent－meter超聲波剖面流速儀ultrasonicprofile－meter多普勒流速儀Dopplercurrent－參證流速儀referencecurrentmeter流量計flowmeter文杜里水流計Venturiflowmeter畢托管Pitottube流速儀檢定current－metercalibration檢定槽calibrationtank檢定車calibrationcarriage水面浮標surfacefloat小浮標smallfloat雙浮標doublefloat浮桿float－堰頂高程elevationofweircrest堰頂水頭weirhead水工建筑物測流精品資

___________________________________________________________________________________________________flowmeasurementbyhydraulicstructure閘門開啟高度gateopening行近河槽approachchannel行近流速approachvelocity堰流weirflow流態(tài)flowregime自由流freeflow淹沒流submergedflow半淹沒流halfsubmergedflow孔流sluiceflow射流jetflow淹沒比submergenceratio淹沒系數(shù)submergencecoefficient流速系數(shù)velocitycoefficient流量系數(shù)dischargecoefficient稀釋法測流dilutionmethodfordischargemeasurement示蹤劑tracer標準溶液standardsolution背景濃度backgroundconcentrationsolution稀釋比dilutionratio

推移質(zhì)輸沙測bedloaddischargemeasurement器策法samplingmethod坑測法pitmethod沙波法dunetrackingmethod床沙測驗bedmaterialmeasurement照相法photographicmethod打印法stamppadmethod床沙采樣器bedmaterialsampler懸移質(zhì)采樣器suspendedsedimentsampler瞬時式采樣器instantaneoussampler積時式采樣器time－integratingsampler瓶式采樣器bottledsampler皮囊式采樣器collapsiblesample泵式采樣器pumpingsampler調(diào)壓式采樣器pressureadjustablesampler同位素測沙儀radioisotopesedimentconcentrationmeter光電測沙儀photoelectricsedimentconcentrationmeter振動式測沙儀精品資

___________________________________________________________________________________________________vibrationalsedimentconcentrationmeter推移質(zhì)采樣器bedloadsampler網(wǎng)式采樣器basket－sampler吸管pipet光電顆分儀photoelectricparticlesizemeter比重計（密度計）hydrometer泥沙沉降sedimentsettling沉降速度settlingvelocity平均沉速meansettling絮凝flocculation反凝劑defloeculant粒徑particlediameter中數(shù)粒徑medianparticlediameter平均粒徑meanparticlediameter等容粒徑nominaldiameter投影粒徑projecteddiameter三軸平均粒徑triaxialmeanparticlediameter幾何平均粒徑geometricmeanparticlediameter篩析粒徑sievediameter

沉降粒徑settlingdiameter粒徑組fractionofparticlesize顆粒級配grainsizedistribution顆粒級配曲線grainsizedistribution單樣顆粒級配indexsamplegrain－distribution垂線平均顆粒級配meangrain－distributioninavertical對照斷面checkcross－section控制斷面controlcross－section消減斷面attenuation－section水樣保存watersamplepreservation檢出率detectedratio超標率overlimitratio痕跡量trace未檢出nonreadout回收率recoveryratio溶解氣體采樣器dissolvedgasessampler冰情觀測ice－regimeobservation固定點冰厚測址fixed－pointicethicknessmeasurement冰情目測visualobservationofregime精品資

___________________________________________________________________________________________________冰情符號icecode冰情圖ice－regimecharta初冰日期first－icedate封冰日期freeze－date解凍日期breakupdate終冰日期endicedate封凍歷時freeze－duration水浸冰厚thicknessofimmersedice敲露水面寬open－waterwidth冰流量icedischarge等深點流速改正法revisedisobath－velocitymethod流速過程線改正法revisedvelocity－h(huán)ydrographmethod有效潮差significanttidalrange負波高negativewaveheight水庫水文測驗hygrometryof入庫水量reservoirinflow出庫水量reservoiroutflow水庫供水reservoirwatersupply水庫棄水surpluswaterreleasedfromereservoir

水庫滲漏量reservoirseepagevolume水庫蓄水變量variationofreservoirstorage水變率rateofreservoirstoragechange壩上水位stagebehinddam庫區(qū)水位stageinreservoir水庫淤積測量reservoirsedimentationsurvey水庫淤積量reservoirsedimentation地形法methodoftopographicsurvey斷面法methodofcross－sectionsurvey淤積形態(tài)morphologyofreservoirdeposition淤積三角洲sedimentationdelta淤積物密度drydensityofreservoirdeposition巖溶地區(qū)水文調(diào)查hydrologicinvestigationinkarstareas實際地表集水面積actualsurfacecolletingarea水文實驗研究experimentalresearchinhydrology精品資

___________________________________________________________________________________________________代表流域representative實驗流域experimentalbasin相似流域similarbasin徑驗研experimentalresearchinrunoff徑流場runoffplot人工降雨裝置artificialrainfall蒸發(fā)實驗研究experimentalresearchinevaporation蒸發(fā)池evaporationtank土壤蒸發(fā)器soilevaporator蒸散器evapotranspirometer農(nóng)田蒸發(fā)器evaporatorforagriculturalland蒸滲儀lysimeter地下水均衡場groundwaterbalanceplot合理性檢查rationalexamination電算整編processingbycomputer水文年鑒wateryear－book測站考證stationexamination站年stationyear極值extremevalue加權平均法weightedmeanmethod

斷流水位stageofzero河干riverofzero水文過程線hydrograph水文綜合過程線synthetichydrograph等值線isopleth分布曲線distributioncurve水文特征值hydrologiccharacteristicvalue徑流總量totalrunoff徑流模數(shù)runoffmodulus徑流系數(shù)runoffcoefficient洪峰floodpeak洪水流量peakdischarge洪水總量floodvolume輸沙模數(shù)modulusofsedimentrunoff水位流量關系stage－relation連時序法chronologicalmethod繩套曲線loopcurve流量過程線法dischargehydrographmethod潮汐要素法tidalfactorrelationmethod定潮汐要素法constanttidalfactorrelation精品資

___________________________________________________________________________________________________合軸相關法coaxialcorrelationmethod一潮推流法methodofdischargecomputationforsingletide水位流量關系single－processingofstage－dischargerelation關系曲線延長extensionofrelationcurve流率表ratingtable單斷沙關系indexandcrosssectionaveragesedimentconcentrationrelation單斷沙關系曲線法indexandcross－sectionaeragesedimentconcentrationrelationcurvemethod水位單斷沙比關系曲線法stageversusratioofindexandcross－sectionaveragesedimentconcentrationrelationcurvemethod單斷沙比過程線法hydrographmethodofindexandcrosssectionaveragesedimentconcentrationratio單樣過程線法hydrographmethodofindexsedimentconcentration真值truevalue

測量值（實測值）measuredvalue最或然值mostprobablevalue絕對誤差absoluteerror相對誤差relativeerror插機誤差（偶然誤差）randomerror允許誤差permissibleerror偽誤差（粗差）spurious方差variance標準差standarddeviation相對標準差relativestandarddeviation離差（偏差）deviation閉合差closureerror平差adjustment精密度precision準確度correctness垂線抽樣誤（M型誤差）measuringverticalsamplingerror分布式數(shù)據(jù)庫distributedtypebase集中式數(shù)據(jù)庫concentratedtypebase網(wǎng)絡式數(shù)據(jù)庫networktypedatabase層次數(shù)據(jù)庫laminarizationdata層次數(shù)據(jù)模型laminarizationdata精品資

___________________________________________________________________________________________________網(wǎng)狀數(shù)據(jù)模型networkdata數(shù)據(jù)量databulk結點node水文數(shù)據(jù)庫hydrologicdatabase水文基本數(shù)據(jù)庫hydrologicbasicdata湖泊水文預報hydrologicfirecastinglake施工水文預報hydrologicforecastingforconstructionperiod潮汐預報tidalprediction旱情預報soilmoistureforecasting地下水動態(tài)預報groundwaterregimeforecasting預見期forecastleadtime超長期水文預報extendedlong－termforecasting作業(yè)預報operationalforecasting預報方案forecastscheme評定標準accuracystandard方案合格率qualifiedratioscheme確定性系數(shù)deterministiccoefficient汛seasonalflood

伏汛summerflood汛期floodseason防汛flooddefence報汛站flood－reporting報汛站網(wǎng)flookreportingnetwork常年水情站perennialhydrologicreportingstation汛期水情站hydrologicreportingstationinfloodseason輔助水清站網(wǎng)auxiliaryhydrologicreportingnetwork洪水警報floodwarning點雨量pointrainfall面雨量arealrainfall泰森多邊形Thiessenpolygon等雨量線法isohyetalmethod產(chǎn)流runoffyield蓄滿產(chǎn)流runoffyieldatnaturalstorage超滲產(chǎn)流runoffyieldinexcessofinfiltration產(chǎn)流面積areaofrunoff地表徑流（直接徑流）directrunoff地面流（坡面流）surfaceflowofmire精品資

___________________________________________________________________________________________________壤中流promptsubsurfaceflow前期影響雨量antecedentrainfall土壤缺水量soilmoisturedeficit下滲能力曲線（下滲曲線）infiltrationcapabilitycurve初損initiallosses后損（后滲）continuinglosses

流域滯時basintimelag等流滯時isochrone單位線unithydrograph經(jīng)驗單位線empiricatunithydrograph綜合單位線syntheticunithydrograph瞬時單位線instantaneousunithydrograph地貌瞬時單位線坡面匯流overlandflowconcentration

geomorphologic

instantaneousunit河網(wǎng)匯流（河槽匯流）rivernetworkflowconcentration地下匯流groundwaterflowconcentration匯流曲線flowconcentrationcurve流域匯流曲線basinflowconcentrationcurve坡面匯流曲線overlandflowconcentrationcurve河網(wǎng)匯流曲線rivernetworkflowconcentrationcurve地下匯流曲線groundwaterflowconcentrationcurve流域匯流時間basinflowconcentrationtime洪峰滯時peaktimelag

hydrograph坡地單位線slopeunithydrograph河網(wǎng)單位線rivernetworkunithydrographS曲線Scurve無因次單位線dimensionlessunithydrograph退水曲線recessioncurve水文模型hydrologicmodel水文物理模型（水文實體模型）hydrophysicalmodel比尺模型scalemodel比擬模型analoguemodel水文數(shù)學模型hydrologicmathematicmodel精品資

___________________________________________________________________________________________________水文概念模型physically－h(huán)ydrologicmathematicmodel水文數(shù)學物理模型deterministichydrologicmodel確性水模型stochastichydrologicmodel分散式模型distributedmodel集總式模型lumpedmodel線性水溫模型linearhydrologicmodel非線性水文模型nonlinearhydrologicmodel時不變水文模型timeinvarianthydrologicmodel時模型time－h(huán)ydrologicmodel流域水文數(shù)學模型hydrologicmathematicmodelwatershed模型結構modelstructure模型參數(shù)modelparameter模型誤差modelerror模型率定modelcalibration模型檢驗modelverification水文模擬hydrologicsimulation

遙測終端機telemetryterminalmeter中繼機relaymeter前置通信控制機presetcommunicationcontroller自報式系統(tǒng)self－reportingsystem查詢－應式統(tǒng)polling－answerbacksystem混合式系統(tǒng)mixsystem時分制遙測系統(tǒng)time－telemetry頻分制遙測系統(tǒng)frequency－telemetrysystem誤碼率probabilityofword接受率receivingprobability設計站designstation設計流域designwatershed代表站representativestation參證站bench－markstation典型年（代表年）typicyear水文系列hydrologicseries同步系列synchronousseries系列代表性seriesrepresentativeness精品資

___________________________________________________________________________________________________柱狀圖histogram諾謨圖monogram輸沙量計算（固體徑流計算）computationofrunoff水庫回水計算computationofbackwater水庫淤積計算computationofsedimentation水庫下游河道沖刷計算computationofdegradationbelowreservoir潰壩洪水計算evaluationofdambreakflood感潮河段水力計算hydrauliccalculationfortidalreach樣本容量samplesize隨機變量randomvariable隨機系列randomseries累計頻率（頻率）cumulativefrequency經(jīng)驗頻率empiricalfrequency水率線（水曲hydrologicfrequencydistributioncurve皮爾遜分布Pearsondistribution

對數(shù)正態(tài)分布lognormaldistribution頻率分析frequencyanalysis隨機模擬stochasticsimulation時間序列timeseries隨機水文分析hydrologicstochasticanalysis趨勢項trendterm周期項cycleterm隨機項stochasticterm調(diào)和分析（諧波分析）harmonicanalysis潛分析spectrumanalysis回歸分析（相關分析）regressionanalysis相關系數(shù)correlationcoefficient自回歸分析autoregressionanalysis逐步回歸分析stepwiseregressionanalysis設計供水designflood溢洪道設計洪水spillwaydesignflood分期設計洪水stagedesignflood施工設計洪水designfloodforconstructionperiod校核洪水checkflood實測洪水observedflood精品資

___________________________________________________________________________________________________調(diào)查洪水investigatedflood古洪水paleoflood壩址洪水damsiteflood入庫洪水reservoirinflowflood分項調(diào)查法itembyiteminvestigationmethod降雨徑流模型法rainfallrunoffmodelmethod蒸發(fā)差值法evaporationdifference徑流年內(nèi)分配annualdistributionofrunoff徑流多年變化multiyearvariationofrunoff豐水期high－period平水期normal－waterperiod枯水期（枯季）low－flowperiod豐水年wetyear平水年（中水年）normalyear枯水年dryyear特枯水年extraordinarydry連續(xù)豐水年continuouswetyears連續(xù)枯水年continuousdry水文年鑒wateryear設計雨型designstormpattern

暴雨路徑stormtrack暴雨時程分配timedistributionofstorm暴雨地區(qū)分布specialdistributionstorm暴雨參數(shù)等值線stormparametricisolinemap點面換算系數(shù)point－conversioncoefficient定點定面關系fixedpoint－fixedarearelationship可能最大點probablemaximumdewpoint暴雨移置改正stormtranspositioncorrection流域形狀改正watershedshapecorrection水汽改正moisturecorrection入流障礙改正inflowobstaclecorrection綜合改正syntheticcorrection暴雨幅合分量convergencecomponentofstorm地形增強因子topographicincreasingfactor等百分數(shù)法isopercentalmethod可能最大洪水probablemaximumflood精品資

___________________________________________________________________________________________________澇surfacewaterlogging漬subsurfacewaterlogging排澇surfacewaterloggingcontrol排漬subsurfacewaterloggingcontrol排澇規(guī)劃waterloggingcontrolplanning排澇標準standardforcontrol排澇計算computationofwaterloggingcontrol設計排澇流量designdischargeforsurfacedrainage設計排漬流量designdrainagedischargeofsubsurfacewaterloggingcontrol設計排澇水位designwaterlevelsurfacedrainage水荒waterfamine水資源評價waterresourcesassessment水資源基礎評價waterresourcesbasicassessment水量評價waterquantityassessment水質(zhì)評價waterqualityassessment地表水資源評價surfacewaterresourcesassessment

水資源評價指標indexesofwaterresourcesassessment水資源總量totalamountwaterresources地表水源量surfacewaterresourcesamount地下水資源量groundwaterresourcesamount可利用量utilizablewater地下可開采量groundwateravailableyield可供水量availablewatersupply徑流調(diào)節(jié)runoffregulation綜合利用水庫調(diào)節(jié)（多目標庫調(diào)節(jié)）reservoirregulationforcomprehensiveutilization水庫調(diào)洪reservoirfloodrouting水庫供水調(diào)節(jié)reservoirregulationforsupply水電站徑流調(diào)節(jié)runoffregulationofhydropower水庫反調(diào)節(jié)reregulatingreservoir水庫群調(diào)節(jié)multi－reservoirregulation精品資

___________________________________________________________________________________________________徑流調(diào)節(jié)計算computationofrunoffregulation時歷長系列操作法chronologicalseriesmethod概率法（數(shù)理統(tǒng)計法）probabilitymethod隨機模擬法stochasticsimulationmethod調(diào)節(jié)周期regulatingperiod目標函數(shù)objectivefunction約束方程constraintequation狀態(tài)變量statevariable決策變量decisionvariable數(shù)學規(guī)劃mathematicprogramming線性規(guī)劃linearprogramming非線性規(guī)劃nonlinearprogramming水庫防洪調(diào)度floodcontrolschedulingofreservoir水庫實時調(diào)度real－timereservoirscheduling水庫群調(diào)度multi－reservoirscheduling水庫預報調(diào)度reservoirschedulingbasedonforecast抽水蓄能pumpedstorage

水沙調(diào)度schedulingofwatersediment水環(huán)境waterenvironment水環(huán)境要素（水環(huán)境基質(zhì)）waterenvironmentelements水環(huán)境背景值（水環(huán)境本底值）waterenvironmentalbackground水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)aquaticecosystem化學徑流chemicalrunoff環(huán)境用水environmentalwater環(huán)境水文學environmentalhydrology環(huán)境水力學environmentalhydraulics環(huán)境水化學environmentalhydrochemistry地下水超量開采groundwateroverdraft人工補給（人工回灌）artificialrecharge地下水降落漏斗groundwaterdepressioncone化學水污染chemicalwaterpollution無機物水污染waterpollutionbyinorganicsubstances有機物水污染waterpollutionbyorganicsubstances有毒物質(zhì)水污染精品資

___________________________________________________________________________________________________waterpollutionbytoxicsubstances放射性水污染radioactivewaterpollution熱污染thermalpollution生物水污染waterpollutionbyorganism富營養(yǎng)化eutrophication次生水污染secondarywaterpollution地下水污染groundwaterpollution水污染常規(guī)分析指標indexofroutineanalysisforwaterpollution水污染遙感監(jiān)測remote－sensingmonitoringofwaterpollution污染物pollutant污染物遷移transportofpollutant機械遷移physicaltransport物理－化學遷移physicochemicaltransport人為污染源artificialpollutionsource天然污染源naturalpollutionsource污染源調(diào)查investigationofpollutionsources污染源控制pollutionsourcecontrol水質(zhì)參數(shù)waterqualityparameters

水質(zhì)模型waterqualitymodel水溫模型watertemperaturemodel水質(zhì)生物評價biologicassessmentofwater水環(huán)境效益waterenvironmentaleffect水污染環(huán)境效應environmentaleffectofwaterpollution水環(huán)境保護waterenvironmentalprotection水質(zhì)規(guī)劃waterqualityplanning河流水質(zhì)規(guī)劃riverwaterqualityplanning水庫水質(zhì)規(guī)劃reservoirwaterqualityplanning水污染綜合防治規(guī)劃planningofcomprehensivewaterpollutioncontrol水源保護區(qū)protectionzonewatersource蒸發(fā)evaporation水位stage流速velocity流量discharge含沙量sedimentconcentration輸沙率sedimentdischarge水溫模型watertemperature精品資

___________________________________________________________________________________________________冰凌icerun水質(zhì)waterquality下墊面underlyingsurface水文情勢hydrologicregime水文效應hydrologiceffect水文循環(huán)（水循環(huán)）hydrologiccycle水量平衡waterbalance熱量平衡heatbalance鹽量平衡saltbalance大氣水汽含量atmosphericwatervapourcontent大氣水汽輸送atmosphericwatervapourtransport水汽輸送通量atmosphericwatervapourflux降雨面積rainfallarea降雨分布rainfalldistribution暴雨洪水stormflood冰凌洪水（凌訊）iceflood冰雪洪水ice－snowmeltflood雨雪混合洪水rainandsnowmelt山洪flashflood

潰壩洪水dambreakflood大氣環(huán)流atmosphericcirculation行星尺度天氣系統(tǒng)planetaryscaleweathersystem天氣尺度天氣系統(tǒng)synopticscaleweathersystem中小尺度天氣系統(tǒng)mesoandmicro－scale風暴潮stormsurge風暴中心stormcenter西風槽westerlytrough東風波easterlywave低壓槽trough高壓脊ridge副熱帶高壓subtropichigh溫帶extratropiczone寒帶frigidzone季風monsoon梅雨（霉雨）plumrains陣雨showeryrain地形雨aerographicrain熱帶氣旋雨rainfallintropiccyclone精品資

___________________________________________________________________________________________________衛(wèi)星云圖satellitepicture氣壓（大氣壓強）atmosphericpressure海平面氣壓sealevelpressure濕球溫度wet－bulbtemperature水汽壓vapourpressure飽和水汽壓saturationvapourpressure絕對濕度absolutehumidity相對濕度relativehumidity飽和差saturationdeficit流域長度basinlength流域平均高程basinelevation流域平均寬度basinwidthmean流域平均坡度basinslopemean流域不對稱系數(shù)coefficientofbasinnonsymmetric流域面積增長率growthratioofdrainagearea流域自然地理特征physiographiccharacteristicsof水系（河系）hydrographicnet人工河網(wǎng)artificialdrainagenetwork河網(wǎng)密度drainagedensity

明渠openchannel河源headwaters沖溝gully溪流brook分支fork串溝bifurcationchannel外流河exoreicriver內(nèi)陸河endotheciariver減河reliefchannel控制河段controlreach順流河段straightreach彎曲河段bentreach擴散河段expandingreach收縮河段convergingreach游蕩河段wanderingreach感潮河段tidalreach裁彎河段channelcutoff穩(wěn)定河槽stablechannel不穩(wěn)定河槽（沖淤河槽）unstablechannel主槽mainchannel單式河槽singlechannel復式河槽compoundchannel精品資

___________________________________________________________________________________________________河道橫斷面rivercross－section河道縱斷面riverlongitudinalprofile斷面特性cross－sectioncharacteristics河床形態(tài)channelmorphology淺灘thoal急潭cataract河漫灘floodplain江心湖channelisland有效水頭effectivehead水頭損失headloss沿程水頭損失frictionalhead局部水頭損失localheadloss能面比降energyslo