2020版高考英語總復習Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars課時作業(yè)

Unit4AstronomythescienceofthestarsⅠ.閱讀理解AHumanbeingsareinforadoubletreatinJanuarywiththeappearanceoftwosupermoons.ThefirstonerisesonthenightofNewYearsDay.Thesecondcomesonthelastnightofthemonth,endingupwithalunareclipse(月食).Thatistheendofatrilogy(三部曲)ofbigmoontreatsthatbeganinDec.3withafullcoldmoon.TheJan.1supermoonwillbethebiggestoftheyear.Themoonwillappeartobeoversizedforafewnightsafterthat,thoughitwillnolongerbeafullmoon.AsupermoonisafullmoonthatappearsattheclosestpointinthemoonsorbittoEarth,about14percentlargerand30percentbrighterthanfullmoonsthatappearatthefarthestpointintheorbit.Supermoonshangaroundallnight,areeasytoseeandarenotdamagingtotheeyes,nomatterhowlongyougazeatthemoon.ForthosewhomaymissthenightofJan.1,anevenmorecharmingsupermoonwillriseonthenightofJan.31.Thatwillbethesecondfullmoonofthemonth,whichisusuallycalleda“

bluemoon

”

becauseadoublefull-moonmonthoccursessentiallyonceinabluemoon

—

sasupermoon.Butthatwon

tbetheonlyraritythatnight.Thesuperbluemoonwillalsooccurduringatotallunareclipse.Ifskiesareclear,thetotaleclipsewillbevisiblefromeasternAsiaacrossthePacificOceantowesternNorthAmerica.Lunareclipsesmakemoonsappearblood-redbecauseofthewaytheblockedsunlightbends,whenEarthmovesbetweenthesunandthemoon,blockingthesunslightfromreflectingoffthemoon.Soprepareyourselfforthesuperbluebloodmoononthenightofthelunareclipse.Togetthefulleffectofthelunareclipse,watchatmoonset.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword

“That”

inParagraph1referto?A.Thelunareclipse.B.TheNewYearsDay.C.ThesupermoonofJan.31.D.Thebiggestsupermoon.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutthesupermoononJan.31fromthetext?A.Itwillbeasuperbluemoon.B.Itwillbeginwithalunareclipse.C.Itwillbeobservedallovertheworld.D.Itwillbethebiggestmoonoftheyear.3.WhatdoestheauthoradviseobserverstodoaboutthelunareclipseonJan.31?A.Watchitwhenthemoonsets.B.Decidethespotfirstwhentheywatchit.C.Filmthewholelunareclipsewithmobilephones.D.Preparesunglassesbecausethemoonistoobright.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.DoubleNewYearsupermoonsB.ThedefinitionofasupermoonC.SupermoonswithalunareclipseD.TherarityofthebluesupermoonB“

It

sreallyabreakthrough,

”saidBritishscientistGuillemaboutthediscoveryofaplanet

“

moreorless

”likeEarththatisorbitingProximaCentauri,thestarnearesttooursolarsystem.Proximab,or

“

EarthⅡ

”asyoucouldcallit,isalittlebiggerthanourEarth,anditsyearsonlytake11days.Also,sinceitissomuchclosertoitsreddwarf(

矮星)starthanwearetothesun,theskyonitsworldisorangewithoutanyblueatall,creatingaforeversunseteffect.Therearealotofquestionsforlifeformsthatcouldliveonthisnewplanet.AstheChicagoTribunewrote:“Doyouhavepoetry?Superheroes?Television?Diets?Meanbosses?Doyouhaveanyinterestinvisitingotherworlds?Ifso,putEarthonyourMust-Seelist.”ThediscoveryoftheplanetmadeuswonderifanyonehadseenorheardofthespacepostcardsfromPioneer10andPioneer11spaceprobes(探測器),sentupintospacein1972andthenextyear.Togetherwiththeprobeswerepicturesofamanandawoman,alongwithdiagramsofthesolarsystem.GoldrecordsweresentupintospaceonVoyagerprobesin1977.Ifaliens(外星人)onProximabhadplayedtherecords,theywouldhavefoundhumanvoicesandpicturesthatshowedtherichdiversityofEarth.ItmightnotbetimetoplanavisittoProximabjustyet—evenifithasanatmosphere—asfirst,wewouldneedtoinventawaytogetthereinlessthanthe78,000yearsitwouldtakeat36,000mph.“ProximablookstouslikeapromisingPlanetB,justincasethingsgoreallysouthonthisblueplanet,”theChicagoTribunewrote.5.WhatdoweknowaboutProximab?A.Ithasanorangesky.B.Itisclosertothesun.C.Ithasnosunrise.D.ItisaslargeasEarth.6.WhatcouldbefoundonthegoldrecordssentupbyVoyagerprobesin1977?A.Picturesofacouple.B.Mapsofthesolarsystem.C.Recordedsounds.D.Severalpostcards.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Earthmovestothesouth.B.ProximabgetsclosertoEarth.C.Situationchangesfavourably.D.ConditionsonEarthgetworse.8.WhatwastheattitudeoftheChicagoTribunetowardsthediscoveryoftheplanet?A.Excited.B.Worried.C.Uninterested.D.Proud.Ⅱ.語法填空閱讀下邊短文,在空白處填入1個適合的單詞或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ThecarrierrocketsentaShenzhou11spacecraft(航天器)withastronautsChenDongandJingHaipengintospace.TherocketwasfiredfromtheJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCentre1.theGobidesert.AftertwodaysinEarthsorbit,thespacecraft2.(be)tolinkupwithChina

sspacelaboratory,calledtheTiangong-2,3.

namemeans“HeavenlyPalace2

”.Thelab4.

(place)intoorbitlastmonth.Theastronautswillspend30daysontheTiangong-2.Theyplantoperform5.(science)andspacecraft-relatedexperimentsandtestsystemsforafuturespacestation.In6.words,theTiangong-2laboratorywillnotbepartofthatspacestation.Itsmaingoalistopractisethetechniquesandthe7.(technology)thatwillbe8.(use)tobuildandoperatethatfinalspacestation.ItispredictedthattheChinesespacestationwillbebuiltmostlybymachines.Chinahopestohavethespacestation9.(complete)by2022anditisexpectedtooperateforatleast10years.Chinaalsoplanstolandaprobe(探

測器)onMarsby2020.Untilnow,Chinahascompletedatotaloffivemannedspacemissions.And,in2003,it10.(successful)landedaprobeonthemoon..短文改錯ThereistoomanypeopleandtoomanypollutiononEarth.Ifwemovedtothemoononeday,howwouldlifebelikethere?Inmyopinion,lifewouldbemuchmorecomfortonthemoonthanonEarth.Therewouldbenopollutionandnotrafficjam.Wecouldgowhereverwelikeinoneminutebythespaceship,whichwouldbemuchfastthanatrainoranairplane.Wewouldeatwhateveryoulikewithoutbeingconcernedunhealthyingredients.ThisisaplacewhereIamalwaysdreamingabout.課時作業(yè)(十四)Ⅰ.A【文章粗心】本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了新年超級月亮。1.C推理判斷題。依據(jù)第一段第三句“Thesecondcomesonthelastnightofthemonth,endingupwithalunareclipse(月食).”和第三段第一句“ForthosewhomaymissthenightofJan.1,anevenmorecharmingsupermoonwillriseonthenightofJan.31.”可推知,此處的that是指1月31號的超級月亮,應選C。2.A細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段第二句“Thatwillbethesecondfullmoonofthemonth,whichisusuallycalleda‘bluemoon’becauseadoublefull-moonmonthoccursessentiallyonceinabluemoon—aboutevery2.5years.”可知,1月31號的超級月亮是藍月亮,應選A。3.A細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最后一段最后兩句“Soprepareyourselfforthesuperbluebloodmoononthenightofthelunareclipse.Togetthefulleffectofthelunareclipse,watchatmoonset.”可知,作者建議在1月31號月亮落下時觀看月食,應選A。4.A標題歸納題。依據(jù)第一段第一句“HumanbeingsareinforadoubletreatinJanuarywiththeappearanceoftwosupermoons.”開篇點題,并聯(lián)合對全文的整體理解可推知,本文主要講的是兩個新年超級月亮,應選A。B【文章粗心】本文是一篇說明文,主要敘述了科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)了Proximab星球,Proximab星球與地球的狀況特別相像。5.A細節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第二段最后一句“theskyonitsworldisorangewithoutanyblueatall”可知,Proximab星球有著橙色的天空,應選A。6.C推理判斷題。依據(jù)第四段最后兩句“GoldrecordsweresentupintospaceonVoyagerprobesin1977.Ifaliens(外星人)onProximabhadplayedtherecords,theywouldhavefoundhumanvoicesandpicturesthatshowedtherichdiversityofEarth.”可推測出goldrecords里有錄制好的聲音,應選C。7.D推理判斷題。依據(jù)最后一段最后一句“‘ProximablookstouslikeapromisingPlanetB,justincasethingsgoreallysouthonthisblueplanet,’theChicagoTribunewrote.”這句話的意思是Proximab是一個有潛力的星球,萬一地球上的狀況變糟糕呢,應選D。8.A看法態(tài)度題。最后一段最后一句“‘ProximablookstouslikeapromisingPlanetB,justincasethingsgoreallysouthonthisblueplanet,’theChicagoTribunewrote.”可知ChicagoTribune以為Proximab是一個有潛力的星球,以防地球上的狀況變糟糕,因此ChicagoTribune關(guān)于發(fā)現(xiàn)這個星球特別激動,應選A。Ⅱ.【文章粗心】本文是一篇說明文,主要介紹了中國的太空實驗室“天宮2號”的狀況。1.in考察介詞。酒泉衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心地處沙漠灘,表示在某地,故用介詞in。2.was考察動詞時態(tài)。與上文wasfired響應可知,事情發(fā)生在過去,故用一般過去時,即was。3.whose考察定語從句。whose指引非限制性定語從句,在從句中作定語,修飾先行詞Tiangong-2。4.wasplaced考察動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。與語境lastmonth響應可知,事情發(fā)生在過去,且place和句子主語thelab組成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系,故用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。5.scienti