2016年寧波大學翻譯碩士英語真題試卷(題后含答案及解析)4606

2016年寧波大學翻譯碩士英語真題試卷(題后含答案及解析)題型有：1.Vocabulary2.ReadingComprehension3.Writing7.ClozeTextVocabulary1．Eventhoughhewasguilty,the______judgedidnotsendhimtoprison.A．mercifulB．impartialC．conscientiousD．conspicuous正確答案：A解析：本題考查形容詞辨析。讓步狀語從句中的guilty(有罪的思(法官沒有把他送進監(jiān)獄)表明，該法官是一個故merciful(仁慈)為答案。impartial意為“公正的，不偏不倚的”；conscientious意為勤勤懇懇的”；conspicuous意為“顯眼的，明顯的”，均與讓步狀語)和主句的意“仁慈的”人，的，寬厚的“認真的，從句的意思不符，故均排除。2．Theeducation______forthecomingyearisabout$4billion,whichismuchmorethanwhatpeopleexpected.A．allowanceB．reservationC．budgetD．finance正確答案：C解析：本題考查名詞辨析。根據句意“來年的教育______約為40億美元，這遠遠超出人們的預期”可知，橫線處應填和“錢”有關的詞，可首先排除reservation(預訂；保留)。allowance意為“(定期發(fā)給的)津貼，補助”，不符合$4billion(40億美元)的語故排除。根據后空的thecomingyear(來年)可確為budget(預算，預算撥款)。finance(財政，金融)是指管理貨幣、債務、信貸和投資的商業(yè)或政府活動，也與語義，定，本題答案義不符，故排除。3．Theyhadfierce______astowhethertheircompanyshouldrestorethetraderelationshipwhichwasbrokenyearsago.A．debateB．clashC．disagreementD．context正確答案：A解析：本題考查名詞辨析。根據句意“他們就是否應該恢復公司數年前被破

壞了的貿易關系進行了一場激烈的______”可知，橫線處應填含有的名詞，故首先排除context(背景，環(huán)境；上下文，語境)。debate意為“(各自發(fā))辯論，爭論”，側重指意見等對立的雙方之間正式或公開的爭辯，故為答案。clash(爭論；沖突)側重“沖突”一致；異議；爭論)側重“分歧”，“爭論”意義表不同觀點的符合空后語義，；disagreement(意見不二者均與語義不符，故均排除。4．Theytossedyourthoughtsbackandforthforoveranhour,butstillcouldnotmake______ofthem.A．impressionB．comprehensionC．meaningD．sense正確答案：D解析：本題考查名詞辨析。根據空前的make和of可知，橫線處所填詞應與make和pf構成固定搭配，只有sense符合要求，故答案為[D]項。makesenseof。impression(印象)，comprehension(理解(力)，了解)和meaning(意義，意思)均無法滿足搭配及語義要求，故均排除。句意為：他們把你的想法反意為“理解，弄懂”反復復考慮了一個多小時，但仍沒能弄清你的意思。5．Thepoliticiansayshewill______thewelfareofthepeople.A．preyonB．takeonC．getatD．seeto正確答案：D解析：本題考查動詞短語辨析。結合politician(政治家，政客)和welfareofthepeople(人民的福利)推測，橫線處食，掠奪”；takeon意為“承擔，接受任務”和getat意為“弄清楚，發(fā)現”，這三項均與語義不符，故均排除。seeto意為“負責，處句意為：該政治家稱他會為人民謀福利。所填詞應含有“負責”的含義。preyon意為“捕理”，符合語義，故為答案。6．Ifyou______thebottleandcigarettes,you’llbemuchhealthier.A．takeoffB．keepoffC．getoffD．setoff正確答案：B解析：本題考查動詞短語辨析。句意為“如果你______煙酒，你將健康得多”。takeoff意為“脫下(衣服)；匆匆離開”。keepoff意為“遠離，(使)不接近”。getoff“下(車、馬等)；離開”。setoff意為“出發(fā)；動身；引起”。相比較，四個選項中只有[B]項符合語義，故為答案。

7．Hewas______tostealthemoneywhenhesawitlyingonthetable.A．draggedB．temptedC．elicitedD．attracted正確答案：B解析：本題考查動詞辨析。句意為“當他看到在桌子上放著的錢時，他______bedraggedtodosth．意為“勉強做某事”，與空后的stealmoney在語去偷錢”。義上不符，故排除[A]項。betemptedtodosth．意為“被誘惑做某事”，符合空后的語境，故答案為[B]項。elicit意為“引出，探出”；beattractedtodosth．意為“被吸引做某事”。8．Beingsomewhatshort-sighted,shehadthehabitof______atpeople.A．glancingB．peeringC．gazingD．scanning正確答案：B解析：本題考查動詞辨析。四個選項均含“看”的意思，glance(瞥，迅速地看一眼)強調時間的長短；peer(<通常因難以看清而>盯著看，凝視)；gaze(凝視，注視)強調聚精會神地看；scan(非常迅速地看，粗略地看)強調時間的長短，而且scan后面不接at，根據short-sighted(近視眼的)可知，peer符合文意，故為答案。句意為：因為眼睛有些近視，她養(yǎng)成了盯著人看的習慣。9．Ofthethousandsofknownvolcanoesintheworld,the______majorityareinactive.A．tremendousB．demandingC．intensiveD．overwhelming正確答案：D解析：本題考查形容詞辨析。根據空后的majority(大多數)可知，所填詞修飾majority，故overwhelming為答案。overwhelmingmajority為慣用法，意為“絕大多數”。tremendous意為”(體積、數量、程度等)巨大的，驚人的”；demanding“要求很高的，苛刻的”；intensive意為“加強的，集中的，密集的”。應意為10．Ingeneral,matterswhichlieentirelywithinstatebordersarethe______concernofstategovernments.A．extinctB．excluding

C．excessiveD．exclusive正確答案：D解析：本題考查單詞詞義辨析。結合空前的matterswhichlieentirelywithinstateborders(純屬州內事物exclusive(獨有的，獨享的excluding意為“除……之外；不包括”；excessive意為的”。)和concernofstategovernments(州政府關心的事)可確)。extinct意為絕種的”；過分的，過度定，本題答案為“滅絕的，“過多的，11．Thefoodwasrather______andneededgingeringup.A．slipperyB．inscribeC．invisibleD．insipid正確答案：D解析：本題考查單詞詞義辨析。根據空后的neededgingeringup(需要加點作應是“不好吃或無味的”。slippery意為“狡猾的；滑溜的；不可靠的”。inscribe意為獻”。invisible意為的；無形的”。insipid意為“(食物或飲料)淡而無味的，味道的”，符合料)提示，食物“雕，刻；題寫，題“看不見的；隱形沒有語義，故為答案。12．Idon’t______expertknowledgeofthissubject.A．professB．confessC．confirmD．confront正確答案：A解析：本題考查動詞辨析。根據句意“我不是______這一問題的專家”可知，答案為profess(自稱；妄稱)為答案。confess意為供認”。confirm批準；證實”。confront意為“承認；坦白，意為“確認，“面臨；面對；對抗”。13．Hehadno______abouthistalentsasasinger.A．illuminationsB．illustrationsC．allusionsD．illusions正確答案：D解析：本題考查名詞辨析。havenoillusionsabout…為固定搭配，意為“對……不抱希望”，故答案為[D]項。illumination意為“照明；闡明，解釋清楚”。illustration“插圖；例證”。allusion意為“暗指，間接提到；影射”。意為

14．Thereisnotmuchtimeleft;soI’lltellyouaboutit______.A．indetailB．inbriefC．inshortD．inall正確答案：B解析：本題考查介詞短語辨析。notmuchtimeleft(剩下的時間不多訴事情”應是“簡短地說，節(jié)省時間地說”，故inbrief(簡言之，簡單地說)為答inshort意為“總之，inall意為“總共，)提示，“告案。indetail意為“詳細地”。論述內容進行簡明扼要的總結。簡言之”，用于對前面所詳細合計”，這均不符合語義，故均排除。15．Inthisfactory,suggestionsoftenhavetowaitformonthsbeforetheyarefully______.A．admittedB．acknowledgedC．absorbedD．considered正確答案：D解析：本題考查動詞辨析。suggestions…wait…before提示，本空應填considered，故答案為[D]項。admit意為“承認”；absorb意為“吸收”和acknowledge意為“承認，認可，公認”，這些均與語義不符，故均排除。16．Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened,______asuddenloudnoise.A．beingthereB．shouldtherebeC．therewasD．therehavingbeen正確答案：B解析：本題考查虛擬語氣和倒裝。本題是省略了if的虛擬語氣句，且與將來相反，從句的謂語動詞可以使用“should+動詞原形”。句意為：如果突然有一個很大的聲音，這些動物真的有可能被嚇到。17．Bytheyear2050,scientistsprobably______acureforcancer.A．willbediscoveringB．arediscoveringC．willhavediscoveredD．havediscovered

正確答案：C解析：本題考查動詞時態(tài)?！癰y(thetime／theendof)+表示將來時間的短語或句子”為將來完成時的標志。句意為：到2050年，科學家們將可能已經找到治愈癌癥的方法了。18．Jimisn’t______,buthedidbadlyinthefinalexamslastsemester.A．gloomyB．dullC．awkwardD．tedious正確答案：B解析：本題考查形容詞辨析。由but可知，鮑勃雖然考得不好，但并不表示他“遲鈍的，笨的”，故答案為dull(愚蠢的，笨的)。gloomy意為“令人沮喪的”；tedious意為“乏味的，單調的”；awkward指做事“不靈活的，不靈巧的”，三者均與語義不符，故均排除。19．Theboyslippedoutoftheroomandheadedfortheswimmingpoolwithouthisparents’______.A．commandB．convictionC．consentD．compromise正確答案：C解析：本題考查名詞辨析。根據句意“男孩溜出了房間，沒有父母的______就前往游泳池”可確定答案為consent(準許，同意，贊成)。command意為“命令，指示”，不符合常理，故排除。conviction意為“深信，確信”；compromise意為“妥協，折中”，這兩項均不符合語義，故也排除。20．Hehad______onthesubject.A．aratherstrongopinionB．ratherstrongopinionC．ratherthestrongopinionD．theratherstrongopinion正確答案：A解析：本題考查修飾語順序。rather為程度副詞，故應放在形容詞前，相當于very；同時opinion為可數名詞，前面應該有冠詞，此處明顯為泛指，故使用不定冠詞a，答案ReadingComprehensionMoralresponsibilityisallverywell,butwhataboutmilitaryorders?Isit為[A]項。句意為：他對這個話題的觀點相當強硬。

notthesoldier’sfirstdutytogiveinstantobediencetoordersgivenbyhismilitarysuperiors?Andapartfromduty,willnotthesoldiersufferseverepunishment,evendeath,ifherefusestodowhatheisorderedtodo?If,then,asoldieristoldbyhissuperiortoburnthishouseortoshootthatprisoner,howcanhebeheldcriminallyaccountableonthegroundthattheburningorshootingwasaviolationofthelawsofwar?Thesearesomeofthequestionsthatareraisedbytheconceptcommonlycalled“superiororders”,anditsuseasadefenseinwarcrimestrials.Itisanissuethatmustbeasoldasthelawsofwarthemselves,anditemergedinlegalguiseoverthreecenturiesagowhen,aftertheStuartrestorationin1660,thecommanderoftheguardsatthetrialandexecutionofCharlesIwasputontrialfortreasonandmurder.Theofficerdefendedhimselfontheground“thatallhedidwasasasoldier,bythecommandofhissuperiorofficerwhomhemustobeyordie,”butthecourtgavehimshortshrift,sayingthat“whenthecommandistraitorous,thentheobediencetothatcommandisalsotraitorous.”Thoughnotpreciselyarticulated,therulethatisnecessarilyimpliedbythisdecisionisthatitisthesoldier’sdutytoobeylawfulorders,butthathemaydisobey—andindeedmust,undersomecircumstances—unlawfulorders.SuchhasbeenthelawoftheUnitedStatessincethebirthofthenation.In1804,ChiefJusticeJohnMarshalldeclaredthatsuperiororderswilljustifyasubordinate’sconductonly“ifnottoperformaprohibitedact”,andtherearemanyotherearlydecisionstothesameeffect.AstrikinglyillustrativecaseoccurredinthewakeofthatconflictofwhichmostEnglishmenhaveneverheard(althoughtheirtroopsburnedtheWhiteHouse)andwhichwecalltheWarof1812.Ourcountrywasbadlysplitbythatwartooand,atatimewhentheUnitedStatesNavywasnotespeciallypopularinNewEngland,theship-in-the-lineIndependencewaslyinginBostonHarbor.Apass-bydirectedabusivelanguageatamarinestandingguardontheship,andthemarine,Bevansbyname,ranhisbayonetthroughtheman.Chargedwithmurder,BevansproducedevidencethatthemarinesontheIndependencehadbeenorderedtobayonetanyoneshowingthemdisrespect.ThecasewastriedbeforeJusticeJosephStory,nexttoMarshall,theleadingjudicialfigureofthoseyears,whochargedthatanysuchorderasBevanshadinvoked“wouldbeillegalandvoid”,and,ifgivenandputintopractice,boththesuperiorandthesubordinatewouldbeguiltyofmurder.Inconsequence,Bevanswasconvicted.TheorderallegedlygiventoBevanswasprettydrastic,andBostonHarborwasnotabattlefield;perhapsitwasnottoomuchtoexpectthemarinetorealizethatliteralcompliancemightleadtobadtrouble.Butitisonlytooeasytoconceiveofcircumstanceswherethemattermightnotbeatallclear.Doesthesubordinateobeyatperilthattheordermaylaterberuledillegal,orisprotectedunlesshehasagoodreasontodoubtitsvalidity?21．ItcanbeinferredfromPara.1thatifasoldierobeyshissuperior’sordertoburnahouseortokillaprisoner,______.A．heisrightaccordingtomoralstandardsB．heshouldnotreceiveanypunishmentC．heshouldcertainlybeliableforhisaction

D．hewillbeconvictedaccordingtothelawofwar正確答案：B解析：推理判斷題。第一段最后一句提到，如果一個士兵被上級命令燒掉這座房屋或者槍殺那個罪犯，他怎么能以燒殺違反戰(zhàn)爭法的理由被定罪呢?結合作者的反問語氣，推測作者認為士兵是執(zhí)行上級命令，不應受到懲罰，故答案為[B]項。22．Whatwastheruleimpliedbythetrailofthecommanderoftheguards?A．Asoldiermustobeylawfulorders,beherightorwrong.B．Evenifanorderisunlawful,thesoldiermuststillobeyit.C．Asoldiermayormustdisobeyunlawfulordersorhemustdie.D．Itisthesoldier’sdutytoobeysuperiororderswhatevertheyare.正確答案：C解析：事實細節(jié)題。文章第二段列舉了thecommanderoftheguards的例子，他自己因處決查理一世而被送上法庭，法庭駁回他“只是服從上級命令”的辯解，宣布“當命令是叛國的，那么服從命令也是叛國的”。接著第三段第一句提到，這個判決隱含的規(guī)則是：士兵的職責是服從合法的命令，但可以——事實上在某些情況下必須——不服從非法的命令。由此可知，答案為[C]項。文中沒有提到士兵必須不分對錯地服從合法的命令，故排除[A]項，[B]項和[D]項與文意相悖。23．Thephrase“tothesameeffect”(Line5,Paragraph3)mostprobablymeans“which”______.A．areofthesimilarmeaningB．havethesamepurposeC．mustbeputintoeffectD．leadtothesameresult正確答案：A解析：詞義理解題。第三段先是提出“士兵的職責是服從合法的命令，可以或必須不服從非法的命令”是美國自建國以來就有的法則，接著以首席法官馬歇爾的話重申了這個法則，并提到其他早期的判決。由此推測，其他早期的判決也是體現了同樣的法則，即都表示相同的意思，故答案為[A]項。24．Accordingtothefourthparagraph,Bevanswasfoundguiltybecausehe______.A．obeyillegalordersB．wasaccusedofmurderC．disobeyedthesuperiorordersD．offendedagainstthelawofwar正確答案：A解析：事實細節(jié)題。第四段提到，貝文斯說獨立號上的所有海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊士兵

被命令用刺刀刺死任何對他們不敬的人，而大法官約瑟夫．斯托里表示貝文斯援引的上級命令是“不合法且無效的”，如果下了這樣的命令且被落實了，那么上下級都犯了謀殺罪。由此可知，貝文斯被判有罪是因為他服從了不合法的命令，故答案為[A]項。25．Itcanbeconcludedfromthelastparagraphthattheauthor’sattitudetowardsBevanswas______.A．bewilderingB．indignantC．approvingD．notquitesympathetic正確答案：D解析：觀點態(tài)度題。最后一段第一句中作者提到，這項貝文斯申訴的所給予他的命令相當極端，而且波士頓港不是戰(zhàn)場，或許期望這名海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊士兵意識到刻板地服從命令會釀成大禍不并過分不應刻板地服從不合法的命令，由此推測作者認為貝文斯不值得同情[D]項。作者用語較為平和，故排除[B]項。[A]項和[C]項都不符合文義。。換句話說，作者認為貝文斯應該意識到，故答案為Americanstodaydon’tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesareathletes,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.Symptomsofpervasiveanti-intellectualisminourschoolsaren’tdifficulttofind.“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual,”sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch.“Schoolscouldbeacounterbalance.”Ravitch’slatestbook,LeftBack:ACenturyofFailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti-intellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.Buttheycouldandshouldbe.Encouragingkidstorejectthelifeofthemindleavesthemvulnerabletoexploitationandcontrol.Withouttheabilitytothinkcritically,todefendtheirideasandunderstandtheideasofothers,theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.Continuingalongthispath,sayswriterEarlShorris,“Wewillbecomeasecond-ratecountry.Wewillhavealesscivilsociety.““Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,”writeshistorianandProfessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-intellectualisminAmericanlife,aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpolitics,religion,andeducation.Fromthebeginningofourhistory,saysHofstadter,ourdemocraticandpopulisturgeshavedrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”MarkTwain’sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-intellectualism.Itsheroavoidsbeingcivilized—going

toschoolandlearningtoread—sohecanpreservehisinnategoodness.Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecritical,creative,andcontemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,whileintellectexamines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.Schoolremainsaplacewhereintellectismistrusted.Hofstadtersaysourcountry’seducationalsystemisinthegripsofpeoplewho“joyfullyandmilitantlyproclaimtheirhostilitytointellectandtheireagernesstoidentifywithchildrenwhoshowtheleastintellectualpromise.”26．WhatdoAmericanparentsexpecttheirchildrentoacquireinschool?A．Thehabitofthinkingindependently.B．Profoundknowledgeoftheworld.C．Practicalabilitiesforfuturecareer.D．Theconfidenceinintellectualpursuits.正確答案：C解析：事實細節(jié)題。第一段第三句提到，甚至連我們的學校都是我們送孩子去接受實用教育的，而不是追求知識本身的。由此可知，美國家長期望孩子在學校里獲得的是實用技能，四個選項中只有[C]項符合文義。27．WecanlearnfromthetextthatAmericanshaveahistoryof______.A．undervaluingintellectB．favoringintellectualismC．supportingschoolreformD．suppressingnativeintelligence正確答案：A解析：事實細節(jié)題。第四段中研究反智主義的歷史學家霍夫斯塔特說，智力遭到厭惡，被認為是勢力和特權的一種形式。自美國歷史之初，我們對民主和平民主義的渴望就驅使我們抵制任何帶有精英主義味道的東西。由此可知，美國從歷史上就是看輕智力的，故答案為[A]項。[B]項文與義相悖，故排除；[C]項在文中沒有提及，故排除；第四段最后一句提到，實用性、常識和天賦被看得比任何從書中學到的知識都要高貴，由此可排除[D]項。28．TheviewsofRavitchandEmersononschoolingare______.A．identicalB．similarC．complementaryD．opposite正確答案：D解析：觀點態(tài)度題。根據題干中的Ravitch和Emerson將本題出處定位于文

章第二段和第五段。第二段中提到拉維奇的觀點：學校始終處于重實用性而輕知識的社會中。學校本可以是一種平衡因素，但美國的學校絕對沒有抵消美國人對追求知識的厭惡。可見拉維奇支持學校追求知識。第五段第一句提到愛默生和其他先驗論者認為學校教育和嚴格的書本學習限制了孩子們的天性，他說：“我們在中小學和大學的教室里一關就是十年或十五年，最后出來滿肚子墨水，卻一無所知。”可見愛默生反對學校追求知識。因此拉維奇和愛默生的觀點是相反的，答案為[D]項。29．Emerson,accordingtothetext,isprobably______.A．apioneerofeducationreformB．anopponentofintellectualismC．ascholarinfavorofintellectD．anadvocateofregularschooling正確答案：B解析：推理判斷題。第五段中提到了愛默生的觀點：學校教育和嚴格的書本學習限制了孩子們的天性，由此可知，他是反對知性主義的，四個選項中只有[B]項符合文義。30．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofintellect?A．Itissecondtointelligence.B．Itevolvesfromcommonsense.C．Itistobepursued.D．Itunderliespower.正確答案：C解析：觀點態(tài)度題。第厭惡。鼓勵孩子們排斥精神生活使他們易被利用和不能捍衛(wèi)自己的思想和理解他人的思想，他們就不能充分地參與我們的民主。并引用厄爾．紹利斯的話，說長此以往，“國家將淪為二流國家”。由此可知，作者是支持學校追求知識的，四個選項中只有[C]項符合作者的觀點。三段中作者提到，學校應該抵消美國人對追求知識的控制。如果不能批判地思考、Therearegoodreasonstobetroubledbytheviolencethatspreadsthroughoutthemedia.Movies,televisionandvideogamesarefullofgunplayandbloodshed,andonemightreasonablyaskwhat’swrongwithasocietythatpresentsvideosofdomesticviolenceasentertainment.Mostresearchersagreethatthecausesofreal-worldviolencearecomplex.A1993studybytheU.S.NationalAcademyofScienceslisted“biological,individual,family,peer,school,andcommunityfactors”asallplayingtheirparts.Viewingabnormallylargeamountsofviolenttelevisionandvideogamesmaywellcontributetoviolentbehaviorincertainindividuals.Thetroublecomeswhenresearchersdownplayuncertaintiesintheirstudiesoroverstatethecaseforcausality.SkepticsweredismayedseveralyearsagowhenagroupofsocietiesincludingtheAmericanMedicalAssociationtriedtoendthedebatebyissuingajointstatement:“Atthistime,wellover1,000

studies...pointoverwhelminglytoacausalconnectionbetweenmediaviolenceandaggressivebehaviorinsomechildren.Freedom-of-speechadvocatesaccusedthesocietiesofcateringtopoliticians,andevendisputedthenumberofstudies(mostwerereviewarticlesandessays,theysaid).WhenJonathanFreedman,asocialpsychologistattheUniversityofToronto,reviewedtheliterature,hefoundonly200orsostudiesoftelevision-watchingandaggression.Andwhenheweededout“themostdoubtfulmeasuresofaggression”,only28%supportedaconnection.Thecriticalpointhereiscausality.Thealarmistssaytheyhaveprovedthatviolentmediacauseaggression.Buttheassumptionsbehindtheirobservationsneedtobeexamined.Whenlabelinggamesasviolentornon-violent,shouldaheroeatingaghostreallybecountedasaviolentevent?Andwhenexperimentersrecordthetimeittakesgameplayerstoread“aggressive”or“non-aggressive”wordsfromalist,canwebesurewhattheyareactuallymeasuring?TheintentofthenewHarvardCenteronMediaandChildHealthtocollectandstandardizestudiesofmediaviolenceinordertocomparetheirmethodologies,assumptionsandconclusionsisanimportantstepintherightdirection.Anotherappropriatestepwouldbetotonedownthecriticismuntilweknowmore.Severalresearcherswrite,speakandtestifyquitealotonthethreatposedbyviolenceinthemedia.Thatis,ofcourse,theirprivilege.Butwhendoingso,theyoftencomeoutwithstatementsthatthematterhasnowbeensettled,drawingcriticismfromcolleagues.Inresponse,thealarmistsaccusecriticsandnewsreportersofbeingdeceivedbytheentertainmentindustry.Suchclasheshelpneithersciencenorsociety.31．Whyistheresomuchviolenceshowninmovies,TVandvideogames?A．Thereisalotofviolenceintherealworldtoday.B．Somethinghasgonewrongwithtoday’ssociety.C．Manypeoplearefondofgunplayandbloodshed.D．Showingviolenceisthoughttobeentertaining.正確答案：D解析：事實細節(jié)題。根據題干中的movies，TVandvideogame將本題出處定位于文章第一段第二句。該句提到，電影、電視和電子游戲中充滿槍戰(zhàn)和殺戮，人們有理由詢問把家庭暴力的錄像當成娛樂來播放的社會到底是怎么了，由此可知，電影、電視和電子游戲中表現那么多暴力場面，是因為當今社會把暴力看成一種娛樂，故答案為[D]項。第三段提到看暴力影像會導致現實暴力，[A]項顛倒了因果關系，故排除；[B]項是對“展示暴力被認為具有娛樂性”這一社會現象的評價，并非媒體上充斥暴力的原因，故排除；[C]項文中未提及，故排除。32．Whatistheskeptics’(Line3,Paragraph3)viewofmediaviolence?A．Violenceontelevisionisafairlyaccuratereflectionofreal-worldlife.B．Moststudiesexaggeratetheeffectofmediaviolenceontheviewers.C．Acausalrelationshipexistsbetweenmediaandreal-worldviolence.D．Theinfluenceofmediaviolenceonchildrenhasbeenunderestimated.

正確答案：B解析：推理判斷題。第三段提到，觀看極其大量暴力內容的電視和錄像可能導致某些人的暴力行為。問題來自于研究人員低估了研究中的不確定性或夸大其中的因果關系。懷疑論者早在多年前美國醫(yī)學會等社會團體發(fā)表聯合聲明時就感到灰心了，聲明說超過一千項研究指出對兒童而言媒體暴力和攻擊行為之間存在極強的因果關系。由此推測，懷疑論者的觀點認為這些研究夸大了媒體暴力與暴力行為之間的因果關系，換句話說夸大了媒體暴力對觀看者的影響，四個選項中只有[B]項符合這個觀點。33．Theauthorusestheterm“alarmists”(Line1,Paragraph5)torefertothosewho______.A．usestandardizedmeasurementsinthestudiesofmediaviolenceB．initiatedthedebateovertheinfluenceofviolentmediaonrealityC．assertadirectlinkbetweenviolentmediaandaggressivebehaviorD．useappropriatemethodologyinexaminingaggressivebehavior正確答案：C解析：事實細節(jié)題。第五段第二句提到，危言聳聽證明了媒體暴力導致攻擊行為，[C]項是對原文saytheyhaveprovedthatviolentmediacauseaggression的同義轉述，故為答案。者(alarmists)說他們已經34．Inrefutingthealarmists,theauthoradvanceshisargumentbyfirstchallenging______.A．thesourceandamountoftheirdataB．thetargetsoftheirobservationC．theirsystemofmeasurementD．theirdefinitionofviolence正確答案：D解析：事實細節(jié)題。第五段第二句提到了危言聳聽者的觀點，第三句中作者“暴力”還是“非說他們言論背后的假設值得驗證。接著提出了關于如何判斷游戲暴力”的質疑。由此可知，作者首先通過質疑暴力的定義來進行論證，故答案為[D]項。35．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthedebateconcerningtherelationshipbetweenthemediaandviolence?A．Morestudiesshouldbeconductedbeforeconclusionsaredrawn.B．ItshouldcometoanendsincethematterhasnowbeensettledC．Thepaststudiesinthisfieldhaveprovedtobemisleading.D．Hemorethanagreeswiththeviewsheldbythealarmists.正確答案：A解析：觀點態(tài)度題。最后一段提到，另一個恰當的手段是緩和對媒體暴力的

抨擊直到我們了解了更多。一些研究人員在談及和證明媒體暴力的威脅時，總是將之看作板上釘釘的事。由此推測，作者認為不應輕易下結論，應該進行更多的研究，故答案為[A]項。Inthecollege-admissionswars,weparentsarethetruefighters.Wearepushingourkidstogetgoodgrades,takeSATpreparatorycoursesandbuildresumessotheycangetintothecollegeofourfirstchoice.I’vetwicebeentothewars,andasIsurveythebattlefield,somethingdifferentishappening.Weseeourkids’collegebackgroundasaprizedemonstratinghowwellwe’veraisedthem.Butwecan’tacknowledgethatourobsessionismoreaboutusthanthem:Sowe’vecontrivedvariousjustificationsthatturnouttobehalf-truths,prejudicesormyths.Itactuallydoesn’tmattermuchwhetherAaronandNicolegotoStanford.Wehaveafull-blownprestigepanic;weworrythattherewon’tbeenoughprizestogoaround.Fearfulparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever.Underlyingthehysteriaisthebeliefthatscarceelitedegreesmustbehighlyvaluable.Theirgraduatesmustenjoymoresuccessbecausetheygetabettereducationanddevelopbettercontacts.Allthatisplausible—andmostlywrong.Wehaven’tfoundanyconvincingevidencethatselectivityorprestigematters.Selectiveschoolsdon’tsystematicallyemploybetterinstructionalapproachesthanlessselectiveschools.Ontwomeasures—professors’feedbackandthenumberofessayexams—selectiveschoolsdoslightlyworse.Bysomestudies,selectiveschoolsdoenhancetheirgraduates’lifetimeearnings.Thegainisreckonedat2%～4%forevery100-pointincreaseinaschool’saverageSATscores.Buteventhisadvantageisprobablyastatisticalfluke.Awell-knownstudyexaminedstudentswhogotintohighlyselectiveschoolsandthenwentelsewhere.Theyearnedjustasmuchasgraduatesfromhigher-statusschools.Kidscountmorethantheircolleges.GettingintoYalemaysignifyintelligence,talentandambition.Butit’snottheonlyindicatorand,paradoxically,itssignificanceisdeclining.Thereason:somanysimilarpeoplegoelsewhere.Gettingintocollegeisn’tlife’sonlycompetition.Inthenextcompetition—thejobmarketandgraduateschool—theresultsmaychange.Old-boynetworksarebreakingdown.PrincetoneconomistAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPh.D.program.HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn’t.So,parents,lightenup.Thestakeshavebeenvastlyexaggerated.Uptoapoint,wecanrationalizeourpushiness.Americaisacompetitivesociety;ourkidsneedtoadjusttothat.Buttoomuchpushinesscanbedestructive.TheveryambitionweimposeonourchildrenmaygetsomeintoHarvardbutmayalsosetthemupfordisappointment.Onestudyfoundthat,otherthingsbeingequal,graduatesofhighlyselectiveschoolsexperiencedmorejobdissatisfaction.Theymayhavebeensoconditionedtobeingontopthatanythinglessdisappoints.36．Whydoestheauthorsaythatparentsarethetruefightersinthecollege-admissionswars?A．Theyhavethefinalsayinwhichuniversitytheirchildrenaretoattend.

B．Theyknowbestwhichuniversitiesaremostsuitablefortheirchildren.C．Theyhavetocarryoutintensivesurveysofcollegesbeforechildrenmakeanapplication.D．Theycaremoreaboutwhichcollegetheirchildrengotothanthechildrenthemselves.正確答案：D解析：事實細節(jié)題。題干中的parentsarethetruefightersinthecollege-admissionsways出現在第一段第一句，后文解釋了這個現象的原因：家長逼迫孩子們拿高分、上SAT預備課程、做簡歷，以便能進人家長首選的大學。由此可知，作者說家長是大學錄取戰(zhàn)爭中真正的戰(zhàn)士，是因為在申請大學的過程中，對于大學的選擇和要做的準備，家長比他們的孩子更關心。四個選項中只有[D]項符合文義。文中僅提到家長心中有首選的大學，并未提到選哪所大學的最手里，故排除[A]項；[B]項和[C]項文中終決定權在家長未提及，故排除。37．Whydoparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever?A．Theywanttoincreasetheirchildren’schancesofenteringaprestigiouscollege.B．Theyhopetheirchildrencanenterauniversitythatoffersattractivescholarships.C．Theirchildrenwillhaveawiderchoiceofwhichcollegetogoto.D．Eliteuniversitiesnowenrollfewerstudentsthantheyusedto.正確答案：A解析：事實細節(jié)題。第二段第二句提到了題干中所述的現象：擔心的家長們逼迫孩子們申請更多的學校。下一句提到，這種歇斯底里之下隱藏的是對名校學歷必定很有價值的信賴。由此可知，家長讓孩子們讓他們進名校，為[A]項。其他三個選項在文中沒有提及，申請更多的學校是為了故答案故排除。38．Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“Kidscountmorethantheircollege”(Line1,Paragraph4)?A．Continuingeducationismoreimportanttoaperson’ssuccess.B．Aperson’shappinessshouldbevaluedmorethantheireducation.C．Kids’actualabilitiesaremoreimportantthantheircollegebackgrounds.D．Whatkidslearnatcollegecannotkeepupwithjobmarketrequirements.正確答案：C解析：推理判斷題。該句后文提到，名校文憑不是唯一的指標，而且它的價值還在降低。進大學不是人生中唯一的競賽。下一場競賽是就業(yè)或考研，結果可能會變化。據此推斷，該句的意思是：能體現孩子們能力的不僅是獲得哪所大學憑。四個選項中只有[C]項符合文的文義。39．WhatdoesKrueger’sstudytellus?A．GettingintoPh.D.programsmaybemorecompetitivethangettinginto

college.B．Degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdonotguaranteeentrytograduateprograms.C．GraduatesfromprestigiousuniversitiesdonotcaremuchabouttheirGREscores.D．Connectionsbuiltinprestigiousuniversitiesmaybesustainedlongaftergraduation.正確答案：B解析：事實細節(jié)題。根據題干中的Krueger將本題句。據他研究，要申請一個頂尖的博士項目，起作用的是GRE成績而不是名校為[B]項。文中僅提到名校生并不能保證申請到博士項目，并未比較申請大學和申請博士項目的難易程度，故排除[A]項；[C]項文中未提及，故排，[D]項與文義相悖，故排除。出處定位于第四段最后兩文憑，故答案除；第四段倒數第三句提到，校友關系網正在瓦解40．Onepossibleresultofpushingchildrenintoeliteuniversitiesisthat______.A．theyearnlessthantheirpeersfromotherinstitutionsB．theyturnouttobelesscompetitiveinthejobmarketC．theyexperiencemorejobdissatisfactionaftergraduationD．theyoveremphasizetheirqualificationsinjobapplications正確答案：C解析：事實細節(jié)題。文章末尾提到一項研究發(fā)現，在其他條