大一英語第一冊Unit4LanguagePoints

UnitSevenLanguagePointsandStructures1)intelligence:n.abilitytolearnandunderstand智能，智慧，智力，理解力eg--Docomputershaveanyintelligence?--Don'tactlikesuchanidiot----useyourintelligence.不要象白癡一樣，用用你的智慧intelligent:adj.abletolearnandunderstand聰明的，eg--Anintelligentcomputerisabletoadjusttochangesinthesituationsitisprogrammed(編寫程序)todealwith.智能調(diào)節(jié)一些變化。--Withinafewyearsanintelligentcomputerwillcertainlybeanimportanttoolfordoctors.重要工具。--Evenifyouareintelligent,youcan'tbeanexcellentstudentwithoutworkinghard.。有才智的電腦在編程使其應(yīng)付一些情況的范圍里能短短幾年智能電腦就必將成為醫(yī)生們的即便你很聰明，你不努力也成不了一名優(yōu)秀生。2)controversy:n.alotofdiscussionandargumentaboutsth.ofteninvolvingstrongfeelingsofangerordisapproval(followedbyoverorabout)爭議；爭論；辯論eg--Thereusedtobealongcontroversyoverwhetherthebookshouldbepublishedornot.曾經(jīng)為是否該出版此書引起過長期的爭論。--Anewcontroversyaroseregardingthepolitician'sfinances.這個政客的經(jīng)濟問題引起了新的爭議。--Thenewgovernmentappointmentshavecausedmuchcontroversy.政府的新任命引起了許多爭議。3)surround:vt.beorgoallaround(sth.orsb.)圍繞eg--Inspiteofthefinancialproblemssurroundingthem,theystillwentaheadwiththeexperiment.不管經(jīng)濟問題捆擾著他們，他們?nèi)匀焕^續(xù)實驗。--Thevillagewassurroundedbydesert.Sothevillagershadtoabandonitandmovetootherareas.村莊周圍是荒漠，于是村民們只好放棄而搬到其他地區(qū)。--Theshellsurroundingtheegghasmanyimportantfunctions.外殼有許多功效。1.Wonderingwhethertheremightbebetterwaystoexploreanimalintelligencethanexperimentsdesignedtoteachhumansigns,Irealizedwhatnowseemsobvious:ifanimalscanthinktheywillprobablydotheirbestthinkingwhenitservestheirownpurposes,notwhenscientistsaskthemto.在考慮是否有比設(shè)計一些實驗教會動物人類手勢語更好的方式探索動物智能時，我悟出了現(xiàn)在看來是顯而易見的道理，即假如動物能思維，那他們可能會在為達到自己的目的時作出最佳思維，而不是在科學(xué)家們讓它們思維時才作出最佳思維的。4)explore:vt.1)examinethoroughly,learnabout探究，探索eg--Theengineershavealreadyexploredthepossibilityofbuildingabridgeovertheriver.工程師們已探索過在這條河上建橋的可能性。--Therepairmanexploredmycarandsaidhewouldfixittomorrow.修理工探查了我的車，說他明天把它修好。--Psychotherapistsexplorepeople'spastinordertohelpthemunderstandtheirpresentfeelingsandbehavior.心理療法專家探究病人的過去以幫助他們了解病人現(xiàn)在的心理和行為。2)travelover(aregion,area,etc.)forthepurposeofdiscovery勘探，勘查eg--Bothadultsandchildrenfinditexcitingtoexplorespace.--ThemanwillexploretheSaharadesertonfoot.這人將徒步勘探撒哈拉沙漠。--Abigprogramunderdiscussionistoexploretheoiloffshoretosolveoilshortageintheircountry.一個正在討論中的大規(guī)模計劃是勘探近海石油以解決他們國家的石油短缺問題。3)obvious:adj.easytoseeandunderstand;clear明顯的；顯而易見的eg--Itmustbeobvioustoeveryonethathe'slying.大家知道他在說謊，這是顯而易見的。--ItwasobviousthattheChinesewomen'svolleyballteamwoulddefeattheAmericanwomen'steamand1

wintheworldchampion.顯然中國女排會擊敗美國隊而獲世界冠軍。--Itisobviousthatheiswrong.2.Mostdonotstudyanimalintelligence,buttheyencounterit,andthelackofit,everyday.(L.9):Althoughmostofthemarenotanimal-intelligenceresearchers,theyseeanimalsbehaveeitherwithintelligenceorwithoutintelligenceeveryday.他們大多都不研究動物智能，但他們每天都碰到動物有智能和沒有智能的情況。6)encounter:vt.(fml)meet,esp.unexpectedly遇到，遭遇eg--OnthetrainIencounteredanoldladywhohappenedtobeaneighborofmydaughter'swhenshelivedinLosAngeles.--Sheencounteredanoldfriendonthestreet.--Beforetheyhadgoneveryfar,theyencounteredayoungmansellingoranges.他們還沒走遠(yuǎn)就碰到了一個賣橘子的年輕人。7)reveal:vt.make(sth.)known透露；展示，揭露eg--Thedetailsofthenewpolicyformedicalinsurancehavebeenrevealed.醫(yī)療保險的新政策細(xì)節(jié)已經(jīng)被透露了。--Hisresearchincloning"Dolly"revealedsomeveryimportantfacts.他克隆多利羊的研究揭示了一些非常重要的事實。--AsurveyoftheChinesediethasrevealedthatagrowingnumberofchildrenincitiesareoverweight.對中國飲食的調(diào)查揭示了中國的兒童體重不斷增加這一事實。8)convince:vt.make(sb)feelsurebytheuseofargumentorevidence使確信，使信服eg--Ittookhermotherawholedaytoconvinceherthatthesurgerywouldn'tdoheranyharm.她母親化了整整一天才說服她相信外科醫(yī)生是不會傷害她的。--Hisparentsmanagedtoconvincehimthatteachingwasthemostsuitableprofessionforhim.他父母設(shè)法使他信服教書是最適合他的工作。--Wefinallyconvincedthepoliceofourinnocence.我們最終使警方相信我們是無辜的。[搭配]convincesb.ofsth.convincesb.that…beconvincedofsth./that…:feelcertainthatsth.istrue.eg--Thepolicefinallywereconvincedofourinnocence.9)dominant:adj.ruling;stronger,morepowerful,ormorenoticeablethanotherpeopleorthings支配的；統(tǒng)治的；占優(yōu)勢eg--CharlieChaplinwasadominantfigureintheAmericanfilmindustry.是統(tǒng)領(lǐng)美國影視業(yè)的人物。的卓別林曾--Thedominantpowerstookcontroloftheconference.一些頭面權(quán)勢控制了會議。10)makeadeal:reachanagreementorarrangement,esp,inbusinessorpolitics成交eg--Mr.CollinssaidtoJohn,"I'mwillingtomakeadealwithyou----I'llletyouliveinmyhouseandyou'llcookforme."柯林斯對約翰說，“很愿意與你達成交易——我讓你住我屋里，你就為我做飯?！?-I'llmakeadealwithyou----youwashthecarandI'llletyouuseittonight.--ThecarcompanyhasmadeadealwithaJapanesefirm,whichwillsupplyenginesinexchangeforbrakes汽車公司與日本公司達成了一筆交易，提供發(fā)動機以換取剎車。3．…onlytobemetwithablankstare(L.14):?得到的反應(yīng)卻是個白眼。"onlytodo(sth.)"isoftenusedtoindicatethatsb.didsth.withadisappointingorsurprisingresult,meaninginChinese“卻不料，豈料”.Heretheinfinitive"to"functionsasresultadverbial.eg--Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthetraingone.他匆匆趕到車站卻不料火車已開走。--Itriedtopleaseheronlytomeetwithherstraightface.我盡量取悅于她，豈料她卻板著個臉。--MarywenttoJane'sweddingpartyonlytofindthatthegroomwasherex-husband.2

瑪麗去參加簡的婚禮，卻不料新郎竟是她的前夫。11)negotiate:v.discussinordertocometoanagreement談判，協(xié)商eg--Wewillnegotiateforapayincreaseof3.5%.我們?yōu)樵鲩L3.5%工資而談判。--Thegovernmentrefusedtonegotiatewithterrorists.政府拒絕與恐怖分子談判。--Therewerereportsthatthreecompanieswerenegotiatingtosharethemarket.據(jù)報道三家公司正在協(xié)商共用那個市場。[搭配]negotiateforsth./negotiatetodosth,/negotiatewithsb.3.Atthispoint,whilemaintainingeyecontact,Coloopenedherhandandshowedakeychain.(L.18):ThistimewhilelookingatJendryColoopenedherhandandofferJendryakeychain.這時，科洛一邊望著延德里一邊攤開了手露出了一個鑰匙鏈。atthispoint:此刻；此地eg--Atthispoint,thevullagerssawaspeedboatheadingtowardthemathighspeedandbegantocryforrescue.這時，村民們見一艘快艇高速向他們駛來，便開始高聲呼救。--Thereisaneye-catchingsignnearby:NoParkingatThisPoint.附近有一個醒目的招牌：此處不得停車。12)maintain:vt.continuetodoorhave(sth.)保持，維持，繼續(xù)；堅持eg--HardascompetitionisMicrosoftisstillmaintainingitspositionasmarketleaderinsoftware.盡管競爭很激烈，微軟公司繼續(xù)在軟件市場保持領(lǐng)頭羊--Thehotelstaffshoweddeterminationtomaintainhigh-qualityservice.旅館職員表現(xiàn)出保持高質(zhì)量服務(wù)的決心--OurdepartmentmaintainsclosecontactswiththeITindustry.地位。。13)relieve:vt.free(sb.)frompain,anxiety,etc.;ease(pain,anxiety,etc.)(使)減輕(痛苦或焦慮等)eg--KatefeltrelievedafterherfirstmeetingwithTomhadgonesmoothly.第一次與湯姆--Takingapart-timejobwouldrelieveyouofthefinancialburden.--Drugscanrelievemuchofthepain.藥物能減輕不少痛苦[搭配]relievesb.ofsth./torelievesth.；relieveone'sfeelings發(fā)泄感情relieveone'smind解除某人的憂愁,relieveoneself(nature)解大小[派生]reliefn.輕松；寬慰；救濟，救援relievedadj.寬心的，寬慰5.Carefulbargainerthatshewas(L.21):Asshewasverygoodabargainer科洛真是個聰明的還價者that在句中作副詞表示程度相當(dāng)于Shewassocarefulabargainer，有“如此，雖然，盡管”等意思：eg--FoolthatIwas,Itookhiswordforit.我真傻，我真信了他的話。--Selfishmanthathewas,hewouldn'tlendmoneytohisbrother.他真小14)undertake:vt.carryout;takeupononeself(task,etc.)從事；承擔(dān)(任務(wù)等見面很順利使凱蒂如釋重負(fù)。做一份兼職工作會減輕你的經(jīng)濟負(fù)擔(dān)。。,便的氣，竟不肯借錢給他兄弟。)eg--TheUnitedNationswassupposedtoundertaketheroleofglobalpeace-keeper.聯(lián)合國應(yīng)該是承擔(dān)--Youshouldthinkverycarefullybeforeyouundertaketheresponsibilitiesofageneralmanagerofamulti-nationalcompany.在承擔(dān)起一家多國公司的總經(jīng)責(zé)前你應(yīng)該仔細(xì)考慮起世界和平使者的角色。理職。--We'llhavetoemploymorestaffifwe'retoundertakemorework.如果我們要從事更多的工作我們得雇傭更多的員工。15)figureout:understand;reasonout;calculate推斷出，理解eg--Ican'tfigureoutwhyhelefthisofficesosuddenlyanddidn'teventellhissecretarywherehewouldbe.我不能理解他為何如此突然離開辦公室甚至連秘書也不告訴去哪兒。；解出，想出--Ican'tfigureoutwhyhequithiswell-paidjobtoundertakesuchtediouswork.--Ittookme2hourstofigureouthowtostartthenewwashing-machine.3

6.Buttheorangutan'sunderstandingofmoneyseemedtoextendfarbeyondsimpledealings.(L.28):Buttheorangutan'sunderstandingofmoneywasnolimitedinsimpledealings.但這頭猩猩對于錢幣的理解似乎遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了簡單的交易。16)extend:vi.1)(ofspace,landortime)(causeto)stretch,reachorcontinue延伸，繼續(xù)eg–ThegotweatherextendedintoOctober.炎熱的天氣會持續(xù)到十月份。--Rainisexpectedtoextendtoallpartsofthecountrybythisevening.預(yù)計雨區(qū)今天傍晚會延伸到全國各地。2)makelongerorgreat延長(日期等)；擴大，加大eg--Thehigh-speedtrainserviceisplannedtoextendfromBaltimoretoPhiladelphia.計劃將高速列車自巴爾的摩延伸到費城。--IwouldliketostayinFranceabitlonger,butIwillneedtoextendmyvisa.?延長簽證。--We'veextendedthekitchentogiveusroomforadiningarea.我們擴大了3）stretchout(apartofone'sbody)tothelimit伸開，展開(身體的某部位)eg--Thebirdextenditswings.廚房好有個地方吃飯。4）togiveoroffer(比喻)給，提供(幫助，友誼等)eg--Weextendedawarmwelcometohim.--Theboydownstairsextendedthelettertoher.樓下的孩子伸手把信交給了她。17)expand:vi.(causeto)growlarger(insize,numberoramount)(使)擴大，擴展(規(guī)模，業(yè)務(wù)等)；(使)膨脹eg--Theirretail(零售)businessinAsiahasexpandedrapidlysincetheearly1990s.--Theairintheballoonexpandswhenheated.?膨脹。--Thepopulationofthetownexpandedrapidlyinthe1960s.--Thebankisaimingtoexpanditsshareofthemortgagemarket.銀行旨在擴大其在抵押市場的股份。18)switch(to):vi.change;shift轉(zhuǎn)換，轉(zhuǎn)變；轉(zhuǎn)；移轉(zhuǎn)而?eg--Thepolicebelievedthatthereasontheyfailedtofindanythingsuspiciousinthatguy'sbagwasthatmembersofthegang(一伙歹徒)(had)switchedbagsattheairport.警察認(rèn)為之所以沒能在那家伙的袋里找到可疑物是因為團伙的歹徒們以在機場將袋子轉(zhuǎn)了移。--Heusedtoplaytennis,butnowhe'sswitchedtogolf.他曾打網(wǎng)球，但他現(xiàn)在轉(zhuǎn)而打高爾夫了。--Shestartedstudyingmedicineatcollege,butswitchedtoBusinessStudiesinhersecondyear.她一開始在大學(xué)里學(xué)醫(yī)，但第二年轉(zhuǎn)而學(xué)商學(xué)了。19)envy:v.wishthatonehadaqualityorpossessionthatanotherpersonhas妒忌；羨慕eg--Ienvyherabilitytostartconversationswithpeopleshehasnevermetbefore.我羨慕她有能力一開始就與她從未曾謀面過的人攀談。--Hebecameamillionaireovernight.Manypeopleenviedhimforhisgoodluck.他成了暴發(fā)戶，許多人都妒忌他的好運。--She'sgotacapacityforlanguagesthatmanystudentswouldenvy.她有語言能力，這令許多同學(xué)羨慕不已。[搭配]envysb./sth.；envysb.sth.；envysb.forsth.20)cooperate:vi.actorworktogether合作，協(xié)作eg--OurcompanyhascooperatedwithseveralAmericancompaniesforthepastfewyearsinjointventures.過去幾年我們公司與美國好幾家公司在合作投資--TheNewYorkCitypolicecooperatedwiththeforceinBostonincatchingthecriminals.?協(xié)作--Aidagenciesandthelocalgovernmentarecooperatingtodeliversuppliestothefloodedarea.救助機構(gòu)和當(dāng)?shù)卣献飨蛩疄?zāi)區(qū)運送物資。[搭配]cooperatewith/in/todosth.5.Behavioristswouldsaythatanimalscooperatewhentheylearnitisintheirinteresttoso.Thisistrue,butIdon'tthinkitgoesfarenough.(L.40):行為主義者會說，當(dāng)動物意識到合作對它4

們有利時，它們就會那么做。這沒錯，但我覺得這一解釋尚不充分。21)inone'sinterest(s)of:forortoone'sadvantage為了某人的利eg--Intheinterest(s)ofworldpeace,wemustpromotemutualunderstandingamongnationswithdifferentsocialsystems.為了世界和平，益，對某人有利我們必須增進不同社會制度國家間的相互理解。--Itwouldbeinyourintereststoundertakethistaskalthoughit'sdifficult.--Thelocalgovernmenthastoabandontheplanforanewchemicalplantbecauseitisnotinthepublicinterest.?放棄建造化工廠計劃，因為對公眾不利。22)gofar:beofgreathelpverymuch;achievemuchsuccess幫助很大，卓有成效eg--Thefinancialhelptheygotfromthelocalgovernmentdidn'tgoveryfartowardsolvingtheproblem.從當(dāng)?shù)卣玫降呢斦椭鷮鉀Q問題幫助不大。--Yousuggestionwillgofartowardssolvingourpresenthousingproblem.你的建議對解決我們當(dāng)前的住房問題幫助很大。--Jane'saverytalentedwriter----she'llgofar.?她會23)assess:vt.judgethequality,importanceorworthof估計，eg--Phillookedaroundattheothercompetitors(競爭對手)andassesshischancesofwinning.非常有成就的。估量，判斷?估計自己的成功機會。--Thevalueofthediamondwasassessedat$20,000.--It'sdifficulttoassesstheeffectsoftheuseofmultimediainEnglishlanguageteachinginonesemester.很難估量出一學(xué)期的教學(xué)中使用多媒體的效果。24)judgment:n.1)opinionaboutsth.意見，看法eg--Inyourjudgment,whathascausedthestudents'failureintheexamination?依你所見，學(xué)生考試不及格的原因是什么。--Myjudgmentisthatthestudentshavespenttoomuchtimeonextracurricularactivities.我的看法是學(xué)生課外活動的時間太多。2)theabilitytoformvaluableopinionsandmakegooddecisions判斷能力eg--HewasemployedasmanagerofthePersonnelDepartmentbecauseofhisexcellentjudgment.--Irespectmyfather'sjudgmentandI'llfollowanyadvicehegivesme.我尊重父親的判斷力，我會按照他的意見行事。8.Likethetimehehelpedsaveafamilymember.(L.47):Hedidjustthatwhenhehelpedsaveafamilymember.比如他那次在救他的家庭成員時就是這樣。25)thrive:vi.茁壯成長，興旺eg--Treesandflowerswon'tthrivewithoutsunshine.樹木花草無陽光不會茁壯成長--Abusinesscan'tthrivewithoutgoodmanagement.企業(yè)沒有良好的管理不會興旺26)atfirst:atthebeginning起先，起初eg--AtfirstIthoughtthattheshopwasempty,thenamanappearedfrombehindoneofthecounters.--Jackfelttiredatfirst,butsoongotusedtothelongworkinghours.--Atfirstmylittledaughterwasreluctanttogotokindergartenbutshelikedthelifetheresoon.[辯異]atfirst…atlast…起初?，最終?。(表示事情發(fā)生的起始和終了)first/firstly…,(second/secondly…)finally…=inthefirstplace…,inthelastplace…首先?，(第二?，)最后?。(表示例舉/類舉)27)emergency:n.anunexpectedanddangerouseventwhichmustbedealtwithatonce緊急情況，突發(fā)時間eg--Inanemergency,call110.緊急情況請撥打110。--Thepilotoftheaircraftwasforcedtomakeanemergencylanding.飛行員被迫作緊急迫降。5

--Theemergencyservicesarethefirebrigade,thepolice,andtheambulanceservice.應(yīng)急服務(wù)有消防隊，警察和救護車。28)gowrong:stopdevelopingwell出故障，有毛病eg--SomethingsuddenlywentwrongwithmycomputerwhenIwasinthemiddleofwritingtheessay.我在寫論文，突然電腦出了點毛病。--EverythingwentwrongwithmycomputerafterIinstalledthatnewprogram.電腦安裝了新程序后連連出故障。--Ididn'twatchtheliveopeningceremonyoftheWorldCupyesterdaybecausetelevisionwentwrongagain.我沒有參加昨天的世界被開幕式直播，因為電視再次出了問題。29)throwup:vomit;giveup嘔吐；拋棄eg--Allofasudden,hethrewuphisdinner.突然，他把吃的晚飯都吐了出來。--NoonecantellwhyhethrewupAnnieforanothergirl.無人能說明為什么他拋棄安妮去追求另一個女孩。9.…somethinghe'dneverbeentrainedtodo.(L.54):…h(huán)ehadneverbeentrainedtodointheway.?這是它從未被訓(xùn)練過的。30)size(sb./sth.)up:fromanopinionabout;getanideaof估量，判斷eg--Idon'tlikethewaythesalesassistantsinthatshopsizeyouupasyouwalkthroughthedoor.我不喜歡在你走過門口時商店營業(yè)員評價你的那種樣子。--SomemanufacturershavebeensizingupsomeAfricancountriesaspossiblemarketfortheirmotorcycles.一些廠商一直斷定非洲國家是他們有最可能摩托車市場。--Ifeltinsultedbythewaymyfathersizedupmyboyfriend.父親以那種方式對我男朋友的估量我覺得是對我的侮辱。--Shesizeduphernewteacheranddecidedhewasstrictbutfair.她評估她的新老師，認(rèn)為他嚴(yán)格而公平。31)release:vt.setfree釋放，放出；公開發(fā)行eg--Someanimalsinthezoohadbeenreleasedfromitscage.--Hewasreleasedfromprisonafterservingtowyearsofafive-yearsentence.他被判刑五年，服刑兩年后便獲釋出獄了。--Somepeoplebelieveinshoutingatthetopofone'slungsintheearlymorningtoreleaseinneranimals.人們認(rèn)為清晨大聲吼叫能釋放心中的煩躁。--Shereleasedherpetbirdfromtheircageeachday.他每天把他的愛鳥從籠子里放出來。[搭配]releasesb./sth.from[辯異]reveal揭露，展示，暴露，透露，/relieve減輕，釋負(fù)/release釋放，放出，公開發(fā)行/realize意識到，明白，感悟32)evidence:[u]n.sth.thatgivesareasonforbelievingsth.;trace證據(jù)；跡象eg--Thereisalotofevidencethatstressispartlyresponsiblefordisease.許多跡象表明疾病部分地是由緊張引起。--Scientistshaven'tfoundanyevidenceoflifeonotherplanets.科學(xué)家還沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)別的星球上有生命存在的跡象。--Wedon'thaveenoughevidencetoprovehimguilty.我們沒有足夠的證據(jù)表明他是有罪的。[搭配]evidenceof/for/todosth./that…[派生]evidentadj.明顯的，明白的evidentlyadv.顯然地eg--It'sevidentthatyou'vebeendrinking.事情很明顯，你一直在喝酒。--He'sevidentlynotverywell.很顯然，他身體不好。herevidentunhappiness她的明顯的不快。33)slideinto:vi.movesmoothlyorsilentlyandunnoticed;slip滑動；偷偷的走，溜掉eg--Thecarislikelytoslideintotheditchinrainydays.下雨天車會滑進溝里。6

--Sheslidintotheroomwhennoonewasinit.她里面沒人溜進了房間。34)deceive:vt.trytomake(sb.)believesth.thatisfalse欺騙，蒙騙eg--Youcan'tpassexamswithoutworking,sodon'tdeceiveyourselfintothinkingyoucan.不學(xué)習(xí)是通不過考試的，所以你不要欺騙自己以為是通得過的。--Youdeceivedme,andIcan'tforgiveyou.你騙了我，我饒不了你。簽了字。--Theydeceivedtheoldmanintosigningthepaper.他們騙得老人[搭配]deceivesb./odoingsth.35)heeye(s):lookdirectlyandsteadilyatsb.becausehe/sheisnotembarrassedorashamed.直視，直盯著看eg--Icouldn'tlookhimintheeyeafterwards,knowingthatIhadlostallthatmoney.后來我都不敢正眼看他，因為我把錢都丟了。--Canyoulookmeintheeyesandsayyoudidn'tbreakthewindow?你敢看著我說你沒36)original:adj.firstorearliest最初的，原始的，原版的eg--TheIndiansweretheoriginalinhabitantsofNorthAmerica.印第安人--Thelandwasreturnedtoitsoriginalowner.這塊地歸還給了--Theoriginaldraftofhisnovelhasbeenlost.他的小說的原稿已丟失了有打破窗戶。是北美最初的居民。它原始的主人。。[派生]originaln.原作；原文eg--ShewantstostudyEnglish,soshecanreadShakesp