路由器的路由配置

靜態(tài)路由配置動態(tài)路由協(xié)議簡介RIP和OSPF介紹課程目標(biāo)學(xué)習(xí)完本課程，您應(yīng)該能夠：靜態(tài)路由配置動態(tài)路由協(xié)議簡介RIP和OSPF介紹目錄靜態(tài)路由由網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理員在路由器上手工添加路由信息來實(shí)現(xiàn)路由動態(tài)路由根據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)或流量的變化，路由協(xié)議會自動調(diào)整路由信息來實(shí)現(xiàn)路由靜態(tài)路由和動態(tài)路由靜態(tài)路由配置注意：只有下一跳所屬的的接口是點(diǎn)對點(diǎn)（PPP、HDLC）的接口時，才可以填寫<interface-name>，否則必須填寫<nexthop-address>。[H3C]iproute-staticip-address{mask|masklen}{interface-typeinterface-name|nexthop-address}[preferencevalue][reject|blackhole]靜態(tài)路由的配置命令:例如：

iproute-static129.1.0.01610.0.0.2

iproute-static129.1.0.0255.255.0.010.0.0.2

iproute-static129.1.0.016Serial0/0靜態(tài)路由配置示例在路由器H3CA上配置：

iproute-static129.1.0.0255.255.0.010.0.0.2

iproute-static129.1.0.01610.0.0.2

iproute-static129.1.0.016s0/0129.1.0.0/16E0/0H3CBS0/010.0.0.2H3CA10.0.0.1S0/0缺省路由配置示例在路由器H3CA上配置：iproute-static0.0.0.00.0.0.010.0.0.2Internet上大約99.99%的路由器上都存在一條缺省路由!缺省路由并不一定都是手工配置的靜態(tài)路由，有時也可以由動態(tài)路由協(xié)議產(chǎn)生。H3CA10.0.0.1S0/010.0.0.2S0/0H3CBNetworkNPublic

Network路由自環(huán)在路由器H3CA上配置：iproute-static20.0.0.0810.0.0.2“路由自環(huán)”對網(wǎng)絡(luò)的危害極大，應(yīng)盡量避免。在路由器H3CB上配置：iproute-static20.0.0.0810.0.0.1H3CA10.0.0.1S0/010.0.0.2S0/0H3CBNetworkNPublic

Network靜態(tài)路由配置動態(tài)路由協(xié)議簡介RIP和OSPF介紹目錄動態(tài)路由協(xié)議BNetworkN1NetworkN2ACD

距離矢量路由協(xié)議原理S1/1S0/0S0/0整個路由表路由器B路由器A路由器BS1/1整個路由表路由器A鏈路狀態(tài)路由協(xié)議算法LSDBLSA的RTALSA的RTBLSA的RTCLSA的RTD（二）每臺路由器的鏈路狀態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)庫(一）網(wǎng)絡(luò)的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)CABD123CABD123CABD123CABD123（四）每臺路由器分別以自己為根節(jié)點(diǎn)計算最小生成樹（三）由鏈路狀態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)庫得到的帶權(quán)有向圖CABD1235RTCRTD3215RTBRTA距離矢量協(xié)議拓?fù)渥兓負(fù)渥兓鹇酚杀淼母赂侣酚杀硐蚵酚善鰽傳送更新的路由表更新路由表AB自治系統(tǒng)由同一機(jī)構(gòu)管理，使用同一組選路策略的路由器的集合自治系統(tǒng)AS外部路由協(xié)議EGP100BGP內(nèi)部路由協(xié)議IGPRIP，IGRP，OSPF自治系統(tǒng)AS200直連路由S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/12.0.0.04.0.0.01.0.0.03.0.0.01.0.0.0S1/102.0.0.00S0/0路由表路由器A2.0.0.0S0/003.0.0.00S1/1路由表路由器B3.0.0.0S1/104.0.0.00S0/0路由表路由器C路由器A路由器B路由器C路由表更新過程（一）S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/12.0.0.04.0.0.01.0.0.03.0.0.01.0.0.0S1/102.0.0.00S0/0路由表路由器A2.0.0.0S0/003.0.0.00S1/1路由表路由器B3.0.0.0S1/104.0.0.0S0/0路由表路由器C路由器A路由器B路由器C03.0.0.0S0/011.0.0.04.0.0.0S1/111S0/02.0.0.0S1/11路由表更新過程（二）S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/12.0.0.04.0.0.01.0.0.03.0.0.01.0.0.0S1/102.0.0.00S0/0路由表路由器A2.0.0.0S0/003.0.0.00S1/1路由表路由器B3.0.0.0S1/104.0.0.0S0/0路由表路由器C路由器A路由器B路由器C03.0.0.0S0/011.0.0.04.0.0.0S1/111S0/02.0.0.0S1/114.0.0.01.0.0.0S1/12S0/02路由環(huán)路S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/12.0.0.04.0.0.01.0.0.03.0.0.01.0.0.0S1/12.0.0.00S0/0路由表路由器A2.0.0.0S0/003.0.0.00S1/1路由表路由器B3.0.0.0S1/104.0.0.0S0/0路由表路由器C路由器A路由器B路由器C03.0.0.0S0/011.0.0.04.0.0.0S1/111S0/02.0.0.0S1/114.0.0.01.0.0.0S1/12S0/02down距離矢量環(huán)路現(xiàn)象S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/12.0.0.04.0.0.01.0.0.03.0.0.01.0.0.0S0/02.0.0.00S0/0路由表路由器A2.0.0.0S0/003.0.0.00S1/1路由表路由器B3.0.0.0S1/104.0.0.0S0/0路由表路由器C路由器A路由器B路由器C03.0.0.0S0/011.0.0.04.0.0.0S1/113S0/02.0.0.0S1/114.0.0.01.0.0.0S1/14S0/022方法一：定義最大路由權(quán)值S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/12.0.0.04.0.0.01.0.0.03.0.0.01.0.0.0S0/02.0.0.00S0/0路由表路由器A2.0.0.0S0/003.0.0.00S1/1路由表路由器B3.0.0.0S1/104.0.0.0S0/0路由表路由器C路由器A路由器B路由器C03.0.0.0S0/011.0.0.04.0.0.0S1/1116S0/02.0.0.0S1/114.0.0.01.0.0.0S1/116S0/0216方法二：水平分割S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/12.0.0.04.0.0.01.0.0.03.0.0.01.0.0.0S1/12.0.0.00S0/0路由表路由器A2.0.0.0S0/003.0.0.00S1/1路由表路由器B3.0.0.0S1/104.0.0.0S0/0路由表路由器C路由器A路由器B路由器C03.0.0.0S0/011.0.0.04.0.0.0S1/111S0/02.0.0.0S1/114.0.0.01.0.0.0S1/12S0/02down方法三：毒性逆轉(zhuǎn)S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/12.0.0.04.0.0.01.0.0.03.0.0.01.0.0.02.0.0.00S0/0路由表路由器A2.0.0.0S0/003.0.0.00S1/1路由表路由器B3.0.0.0S1/104.0.0.0S0/0路由表路由器C路由器A路由器B路由器C03.0.0.0S0/011.0.0.04.0.0.0S1/111S0/02.0.0.0S1/114.0.0.01.0.0.0S1/12S0/02無限大S0/0方法四：抑制時間抑制時間后更新抑制時間后更新S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/12.0.0.04.0.0.01.0.0.03.0.0.01.0.0.0S1/12.0.0.00S0/0路由表路由器A2.0.0.0S0/003.0.0.00S1/1路由表路由器B3.0.0.0S1/104.0.0.0S0/0路由表路由器C路由器A路由器B路由器C03.0.0.0S0/011.0.0.04.0.0.0S1/111S0/02.0.0.0S1/114.0.0.01.0.0.0S1/12S0/02down方法五：觸發(fā)更新S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/1S0/0S1/12.0.0.04.0.0.01.0.0.0不可達(dá)3.0.0.01.0.0.0S1/12.0.0.00S0/0路由表路由器A2.0.0.0S0/003.0.0.00S1/1路由表路由器B3.0.0.0S1/104.0.0.0S0/0路由表路由器C路由器A路由器B路由器C03.0.0.0S0/011.0.0.04.0.0.0S1/111S0/02.0.0.0S1/114.0.0.01.0.0.0S1/12S0/02down1.0.0.0不可達(dá)1.0.0.0不可達(dá)靜態(tài)路由配置動態(tài)路由協(xié)議簡介RIP和OSPF介紹目錄RIP協(xié)議概述（一）RIP最多支持以跳數(shù)為衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，最多15跳。RIP協(xié)議適用于中小型網(wǎng)絡(luò)，有RIP-1和RIP-2。

主機(jī)B2M56K2M2M主機(jī)ARIP協(xié)議概述(二)TCPUDPIPPPPEtherRIPRIP協(xié)議配置命令啟動RIP協(xié)議，進(jìn)入RIP協(xié)議配置視圖[H3C]rip在指定的網(wǎng)絡(luò)上使能RIP[H3C-rip-1]network{network-number}RIP協(xié)議配置命令(續(xù))配置報文的定點(diǎn)傳送（不支持廣播時）[H3C-rip-1]peerip-address指定接口版本（接口視圖下）ripversion1ripversion2[broadcast|multicast]指定接口的工作狀態(tài)（接口視圖下）ripinputripoutput配置RIP-2路由聚合summaryRIP配置舉例E1/0:11.1.1.1/24S0/0:1.1.1.1/24S0/0:1.1.1.2/24S0/1:2.1.1.2/24S0/0:2.1.1.1/24E1/0:13.1.1.1/24E1/0:12.1.1.1/24PPPFRRTARTCRTBRIP配置舉例---配置命令（一）RTA:[RTA]rip[RTA-rip-1]network1.1.1.0[RTA-rip-1]network11.1.1.0[RTA-Ethernet1/0]ipaddress11.1.1.1255.255.255.0[RTA-Ethernet1/0]ripversion2broadcast[RTA-Serial0/0]link-protocolppp[RTA-Serial0/0]ipaddress1.1.1.1255.255.255.0[RTA-Serial0/0]ripversion2broadcast[RTA-Serial0/0]ripauthentication-modemd5

rfc2453

H3CRIP配置舉例---配置命令（二）RTB:[RTB]rip[RTB-rip-1]network1.1.1.0[RTB-rip-1]network11.1.1.0[RTB-rip-1]network2.1.1.0[RTB-rip-1]peer2.1.1.1[RTB-Ethernet1/0]ipaddress12.1.1.1255.255.255.0[RTB-Ethernet1/0]ripversion2broadcast[RTB-Serial0/0]link-protocolppp[RTB-Serial0/0]ipaddress1.1.1.2255.255.255.0[RTB-Serial0/0]ripversion2broadcast[RTB-Serial0/0]ripauthentication-modemd5

rfc2453

H3C

[RTB-Serial0/1]link-protocolfr[RTB-Serial0/1]ipaddress2.1.1.2255.255.255.0[RTB-Serial0/1]ripversion2broadcastRIP配置舉例---配置命令（三）RTC:[RTC]rip[RTC-rip-1]network13.1.1.0[RTC-rip-1]network2.1.1.0[RTC-rip-1]peer2.1.1.2[RTC-Ethernet1/0]ipaddress13.1.1.1255.255.255.0[RTC-Ethernet1/0]ripversion2broadcast[RTC-Serial0/0]link-protocolfr[RTC-Serial0/0]frinterface-typeDCE[RTC-Serial0/0]frdlci20[RTC-Serial0/0]ipaddress2.1.1.1255.255.255.0[RTC-Serial0/0]ripversion2broadcast顯示RIP配置信息[H3C]displayripPublicVPN-instancename:RIPprocess:1RIPversion:1Preference:100Checkzero:EnabledDefault-cost:1Summary:EnabledHostroutes:EnabledMaximumnumberofbalancedpaths:8Updatetime:30sec(s)Timeouttime:180sec(s)Suppresstime:120sec(s)Garbage-collecttime:120sec(s)updateoutputdelay:20(ms)outputcount:3TRIPretransmittime:5sec(s)TRIPresponsepacketsretransmitcount:36Silentinterfaces:NoneDefaultroutes:DisabledVerify-source:EnabledNetworks:11.0.0.0Configuredpeers:NoneTriggeredupdatessent:0Numberofrouteschanges:0Numberofrepliestoqueries:0第一步：打開終端顯示調(diào)試信息功能<H3C>terminalmonitor<H3C>terminaldebugging第二步：打開RIP的調(diào)試開關(guān)<H3C>debuggingripprocess-idpacket實(shí)際顯示的RIP信息RIP:receiveResponsefrom120.0.0.2packet:vers1,cmdResponse,length24dest110.0.0.0,Cost1RIP:send20.0.0.1to255.255.255.255packet:vers1,cmdResponse,length44dest110.0.0.0,Cost2dest120.0.0.0,Cost1RIP的debug信息OSPF協(xié)議概述可適應(yīng)大規(guī)模網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由變化收斂速度快無路由自環(huán)支持變長子網(wǎng)掩碼VLSM支持等值路由支持區(qū)域劃分提供路由分級管理支持驗證支持以組播地址發(fā)送協(xié)議報文OSPF協(xié)議的一些基本概念RouterID一個32bit的無符號整數(shù)，是一臺路由器的唯一標(biāo)識，在整個自治系統(tǒng)內(nèi)唯一。協(xié)議號OSPF的協(xié)議號是89。IPHeader（Protocol#89）OSPFPacketOSPF的五種協(xié)議報文HELLO報文

用來發(fā)現(xiàn)及維持鄰居關(guān)系，選舉DR、BDR。DD報文

用來描述本地LSDB的情況。LSR報文向?qū)Χ苏埱蟊径藳]有的或者對端更新的LSA。LSU報文向?qū)Χ寺酚善靼l(fā)送所需的LSA。LSAck報文收到LSU之后，進(jìn)行確認(rèn)。OSPF劃分區(qū)域區(qū)域2區(qū)域0區(qū)域1OSPF協(xié)議的基本配置配置路由器的RouterID[H3C]routeridrouter-id

啟動OSPF協(xié)議[H3C]ospf[process-id]配置OSPF區(qū)域[H3C-ospf-1]areaarea-id在指定網(wǎng)段使能ospf[H3C-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]networkip-add