英語第2章導游資格段落翻譯

[問答題]1.近年來，在四川北部南坪縣境內(nèi)，閃現(xiàn)出一（江南博哥）顆五光十色的風光“寶石”。這就是人們贊不絕口的“神話世界”九寨溝。它鑲嵌在松潘、南坪、平武三縣接壤的群山之中，面積約6萬公頃，距成都約400公里。九寨溝，由樹正群海溝、則查洼溝、日則溝三條主溝組成，海拔平均在2500米左右。過去，溝中有九個藏族村寨，因此得名。參考答案：【參考譯文】TherecentdiscoveryofthescenicbeautyofJiuzhaigou(Nine-villageRavine)hasaddedcharmtothepicturesquelandscape.Knownas“China'sFairyland”,JiuzhaigouislocatedinthehillsalongthebordersofNanping,PingwuandSongpancounties,some400kilometersfromChengdu,theprovincialcapital.Threescenicareas—Shuzhengqunhaigou,ZechawagouandRizegou—combinetomakeupthe60,000hectaresoffairyland,whichisnearly2,500metersabovesealevel.Itsname“Nine-villageRavine”issupposedtobebecause.Tibetansonceinhabitedninevillagesintheravine.Hereisabriefrecordin“GreenLakes”,achapterintheAnnalsofNanpingCounty:“InJiuzhaigou,lakesmeanderformiles,withwoodedhillsmirroredintheclearwater.”Thescene,actually,ismuchmorebeautifulthancanbeputintowords.[問答題]2.西藏歷史文化悠久。考古發(fā)掘遺跡表明4000至兩萬年前就有人棲息于此。勤勞勇敢的西藏人民創(chuàng)造了充滿活力、豐富多彩的文化習俗，是一個富于獨特的傳統(tǒng)文化、能歌善舞的民族。西藏天文學、歷算先進，醫(yī)學發(fā)達，擁有大量經(jīng)典和文學作品。西藏的藝術(shù)瑰寶有繪畫、建筑、雕刻、音樂、舞蹈、民間戲劇。西藏各地都有著名的古代藝術(shù)景點，其中最著名的景點有布達拉宮、扎什倫布寺、大昭寺和小昭寺等。這里的觀光旅游和民俗風情旅游，是世界上最為獨特的?，F(xiàn)代游客渴望重返大自然，欣賞大自然。西藏地域廣闊、人口稀少，高山白雪皚皚、森林郁郁蔥蔥、杜鵑滿山遍野，河流奔騰不息，湖泊靜謐安詳。這里絕大多數(shù)地方?jīng)]有污染，散發(fā)著淡談的原始醇香。在這里人們可以盡情地享受大自然的恩賜。參考答案：【參考譯文】Tibethasalonghistory.Ancientremainsshowthathuman.beingslivedherefrom4thousandto20thousandyearsago.Tibetansaresodiligentandbravethattheyhavecreateddiverseculturalcustoms.Thisisanationwithspecialtraditionalcultureandanationkeenondancingandsinging.Tibetisadvancedinastronomy,ancient,algorithmandmedicine.Tibetisaboundedofclassicsandliteratureworks.AmongTibetanarttreasuresarepainting,architecture,carving,music,dancing,folkopera.OffamousancientartsitesallaroundTibet,themostwell-knownsitesarethePotalaPalace,ZhaxilhunboTemple,JokhangTemple,RamocheTempleandetc.Thetouroftheseplacesandthelocalcustomsarethemostspecialintheworld.Moderntouristsareeagertoreturntoandenjoythenature.Tibethasalargearea,asmallpopulation,highmountainscoveredwithsnow,richforestsandboomingazalea,rampageriversandtranquillakes.Mostoftheplacesarefreefrompollutionandpreservetheiroriginalstateforpeopletoenjoythebountyofthenature.[問答題]3.有著“塞外江南”美景的福海位于新疆最北端阿勒泰地區(qū)中部，北依阿勒泰山脈，南跨準格爾盆地至古爾班通古特沙漠。福?？h舊稱布倫托?？h，布倫托海（蒙語稱“大海子”。海子，方言，湖）和吉力湖（俗稱“小海子”）共同組成了全國十大內(nèi)陸淡水湖之一的烏倫古湖。從空中看，烏倫古湖像個不規(guī)則的雪葫蘆，當?shù)厝吮惆逊綀A1035公里的湖面視為聚寶盆，福海因此得名。參考答案：【參考譯文】LargetractsofwesternChina'sXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegionaresmotheredindustysand.SetagainstthisbarrenlandscapeisFuhaiCounty,alushgreenareathatextendstotheAltaiMountainsinthenorthandtheplainsanddesertsofthesouth.Coveringanareaofl,035squarekilometers,UlungurLakeisoneofChina'stenlargestfreshwaterlakes.Itisdividedintotwosections,thelargerBuluntuoLakeandthesmallerJiliLake.Seenfromthesky,theUlungurresemblesagourd,a10kilometerlongsilverbeachrunningalongitssoutheastbanks.Ithasbecomeatouristhotspot,offeringallkindsofwatersports,includingswimming,sailingandboating,ararespectacletobeholdinanotherwisearidregion.[問答題]4.武漢歷來被稱為“九省通衢”之地，是中國內(nèi)陸最大的水陸空交通樞紐。它距離北京、上海、廣州、成都、西安等中國大城市都在1000公里左右，是中國經(jīng)濟地理的“心臟”，具有承東啟西、溝通南北、維系四方的作用。獨特的區(qū)位優(yōu)勢造就了得天獨厚的交通優(yōu)勢。武漢港是我國長江流域重要的樞紐港和對外開放港口。華中地區(qū)最大的航空港武漢天河機場，是華中地區(qū)唯一可辦理落地簽證的機場，第二航站樓投入使用后，它將邁入全國四大樞紐機場的行列。參考答案：【參考譯文】Asthebiggestwater,landandairtransportationhubininlandChina,Wuhanhaslongbeenwell-knownasa“thoroughfaretonineprovinces”.Withanequidistanceof1,000kmawayfromothermajorChinesedriesincludingBeijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou,ChenduandXi'an,WuhanstandsoutasChina'sgeo-economic“heart”andplaysaroleoflinkingeastandwest,connectingnorthandsouthandservingalldirections.TheuniquegeographicaladvantagehasgrantedWuhananexceptionaledgeintransportation.WuhanPortboastsakeyhubportontheYangtze,whichopensto.foreignships.AsthebiggestairportincentralChina,WuhanTianheAirportistheonlyairportintheregionofferingvisaservicetoforeignvisitors.TheoperationofitssecondterminalbuildingwillenableWuhanAirporttorankamongChina'stop4hubairports.[問答題]5.太湖明珠無錫，位于江蘇省的南部，地處美麗富饒的長江三角洲的中心地帶。這里物產(chǎn)豐富，氣候溫和，溫差不大，雨量偏少，大多數(shù)時候陽光燦爛，萬里晴空，是全年適合的旅游勝地。適宜的氣候，尤其是優(yōu)美的自然風景使她成為國家重點風景旅游城市而聞名世界。與萬里長城齊名的古京杭大運河縱貫市區(qū)。泛舟河上，能領略水鄉(xiāng)的民俗風情。參考答案：【參考譯文】Wuxi,thepearlontheTaiLake,liesinthesouthofJiangsuProvince,thecenterofthebeautifulandrichChangjiangDelta.Themildnessofitsclimate,withslighttemperaturevariationsandinfrequentrainfall,combinedwithahighaveragelevelofsunshineandbrilliantskies,allmakeitidealfortourismalltheyeararound.Totheseclimaticadvantagesmustbeaddedthebeautyofitsnaturalattractionswhichhaveacquiredaninternationalreputationasakeynationalscenerycity.TheancientBeijing-to-HongzhouCanal,aswell-knownastheGreatWall,justrunsthroughthecity,offeringvisitorsonaboatachancetogetaviewofthelivesofpeoplealongthebanksoftheriver.[問答題]6.在四川西部，有一美妙的去處。它背倚岷山主峰雪寶頂，樹木蒼翠，花香襲人，鳥聲婉轉(zhuǎn)，流水潺潺。這就是松潘縣的黃龍。相傳在中國古代，洪水肆虐，人民苦不堪言。大禹決心治水，但船不能行，有黃龍來為他負舟，于是導水成功。黃龍疲憊，未及回歸大海，死于岷山之下，因而其地就稱為黃龍。黃龍風景，自海拔近3600米處，沿山谷而下，逶迤3.5公里，地上覆蓋著一層淡黃色碳酸鈣沉積，形成大大小小的眾多水池，狀如梯田。池水澄清，呈淡藍、淡綠各色。遠看宛如黃龍俯臥，粼光閃閃。兩旁森林，全是高大云杉。林間地上，多奇花異草，或藍或白，或紅或紫，燦爛如繽紛。參考答案：【參考譯文】OneofSichuan'sfinestscenicspotsisHuanglong(YellowDragon),whichliesinSongpanCountyjustbeneathXuebao,themainpeakoftheMinshanMountains.Itslushgreenforests,filledwithfragrantflowers,bubblingstreams,andsongbirds,arerichinhistoricalinterestaswellasnaturalbeauty.Legendhasitthatsome4,000yearsago,whengreatfloodsthreatenedthepeopleofcentralChina,YutheGreatresolvedtotamethemightyrivers.Hejourneyedinlandinaboat,butwassoonstoppedbythetorrentialcurrent.Fortunately,ayellowdragonappearedandboretheboatupstreamasfarasitcouldgo.Yusucceededincontrollingthefloodandwentontofoundthe500-yearXiaDynasty,buttheexhausteddragoncouldnotreturntothesea,anddiedatthefootofXuebaoPeak.ViewingHuanglongfromadistance,onemightimaginethatthenobleserpentforwhichtheareawasnamedisstilllyingonthehillside.Actually,this“yellowdragon”isageologicalformationuniquetothiskarstregion;itsyellowcolorisduetoalayerofcalciumcarbonate,andthetiny,clearpoolsthatlineitsbacklooklikescales.Thedragonissurroundedbysprucetreesandassortedrarefloweringplantsinblue,white,red,andpurple.[問答題]7.南京，她有層出不窮的風流人物和彪炳千秋的不朽業(yè)績。大都會特有的凝聚力，曾吸引了無數(shù)風流人物在這里角逐爭雄。中國歷史上一批批杰出的人物薈萃于此，在這塊鐘靈毓秀的土地上一圓他們的輝煌之夢。巍巍鐘山、滾滾長江養(yǎng)育了他們，為他們提供了施展抱負的舞臺。他們也為中華民族的燦爛文明增添了流光溢彩的新篇章。南京，她自新中國建立以來發(fā)生的巨大變化更令人歡欣鼓舞。從1949年4月23日始，人民真正成為這座古老城市的主人。人民在自己的土地上辛勤勞作，把古城南京裝扮得面貌一新。特別是近十幾年來，改革開放又給這座美麗的名城注入了新的活力，嶄新的工業(yè)、通達的運輸、如畫的城市建設、興盛的第三產(chǎn)業(yè)、多彩的文化生活，都使這個具有古都特色的現(xiàn)代都市煥發(fā)出勃勃英姿。現(xiàn)代中國之父，孫中山先生所預言的“南京將來之發(fā)達未可限量也”，正在逐步成為現(xiàn)實。參考答案：【參考譯文】Nanjinghaswitnessedthecontinuousemergenceofmanydistinguishedtalentsandnobleheartsaswellasmonumentalachievements.Attractedbyherspecialappeal,agreatnumberofpowerfulfiguresandpeopleactuatedbyhighidealshavestayedinorfrequentedthismetropolistocontendfortheleadortogiveplaytotheirgeniusandvirtues,tosettleonthisblessedlandorhavetheirsplendiddreamsfulfilled.ThetoweringPurpleMountainsandthebillowingYangtzeRivernurturedthemandprovidedthemwitharenasinwhichtorealizetheiraspirations,andtheyontheirpartaddedsplendidpagestothehistoryoftheresplendentChinesecivilization.ThetremendouschangesthathavetakenplaceinNanjingsincethefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaareevenmoreinspiring.OntheoccasionoftheliberationofNanjingonApril23,1949,thecommonpeoplecametobethegenuinemastersofthishistoriccity.PeopleofNanjinghavebeenworkinghardtogivethisage-oldcityanewappearance.Especiallyforthepastdozenyearsormore,thecountry'sreformandopening-uppolicyhasinfusednewvigorintothisfamousbeautifulcity.Newlybuiltindustries,anefficienttransportationnetworkextendinginalldirections,picturesqueurbanconstruction,aboomingtertiaryindustry,avariedandcolorfulculturallife,alltheseandmorehaveaddedcharmandvitalitytothismodernmetropolis,whichretainssomehowtheambienceandfeaturesofanancientcapital.TheprophecyofDr.SunYat-sen,fatherofmodemChina,that“Nanjingwillhaveafuturethatknowsnobounds”isbecomingreality.[問答題]8.中國是一個地域遼闊，有著數(shù)千年悠久歷史的多民族國家，有著秀麗的自然風光、眾多的名勝古跡和豐富多彩的燦爛文化，旅游資源十分豐富。改革開放以來，中國經(jīng)濟以年平均近10%的速度持續(xù)增長，各項事業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展，人民生活水平顯著提高，為旅游業(yè)的興旺奠定了堅實的基礎。中國政治穩(wěn)定，經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，市場繁榮，中國政府堅持對外開放積極發(fā)展與世界各國的關(guān)系，也為旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展創(chuàng)造了極為有利的條件。中國政府十分重視旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展，將旅游業(yè)作為第三產(chǎn)業(yè)的重點，不斷開發(fā)旅游資源，改善旅游設施，提高服務質(zhì)量，促進了國際國內(nèi)旅游業(yè)的快速發(fā)展。隨著中國人民生活水平的提高，我國到國外旅行的人數(shù)也逐年增多，為國際旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展增添了新的活力。參考答案：【參考譯文】Chinaisamulti-ethniccountrywithavastterritoryandalonghistorycoveringthousandsofyears.Itboastsofabundanttouristresources,withbeautifulnaturallandscapes,numerousscenicspotsandhistoricsites,andarichsplendidculture.Sincetheintroductionofthereformandopeningpolicy,China'seconomyhasseensustainedgrowthatanannualaveragerateofnearly10percent.Therehasbeenvigorousdevelopmentinitsvariouspublicundertakingsandmarkedimprovementinthepeople'slives.Allthishaslaidasolidfoundationforaboominthetouristsector.Chinanowenjoyspoliticalstability,economicdevelopmentandaprosperousmarket.TheChinesegovernmentstickstothereformandopeningpolicyandvigorouslydevelopsrelationswithothercountries.Thesehavecreatedfavorableconditionsforthedevelopmentoftourism.TheChinesegovernmentattachesgreatimportancetothedevelopmentoftourismandregardstourismasthetoppriorityofitstertiaryindustry.Ithasmadeunremittingeffortstotapitstouristresources,improveitstouristfacilitiesandupgradeitsservicequality,whichhaveeffectivelypromotedtherapiddevelopmentofinternationalanddomestictourism.WiththeimprovementofthelivingstandardoftheChinesepeople,thenumberofChinesetravelingabroadhasgraduallyincreasedwitheachpassingyear,injectingnewvitalitytothedevelopmentofworldtourism.[問答題]9.上海，簡稱滬，是世界聞名的大都市，也是中國第一大商業(yè)城市，扼守于大陸海岸線中部的長江口，西接江、浙兩省，東連浩瀚的東海，是我國最大的外貿(mào)港口，也是最大的金融中心。建設中的浦東新區(qū)更為開放騰飛的上海增添了新的魅力。上海市高樓林立，燈火映天，素有“遠東明珠”的世界級聲譽。美麗的外灘（theBund），繽紛的南京路、淮海路以其奪目的光彩展示著大上海的無窮魅力。上海有“購物天堂”之說。這里商品薈萃，市中心南京路有全國著名的百貨、食品及特產(chǎn)商店，五光十色，被譽為“中國美麗的櫥窗”。參考答案：【參考譯文】Shanghai,calledHuforshort,isaworld-renownedaninternationalmetropolisandthebiggestcommercialcityinChina.SituatedatthemouthoftheYangtseRiverandinthemiddleofChina'scoastline,ShanghaiisconnectedwithJiangsuandZhejiangprovincesinthewestandwiththeEastChinaSeaintheeast.ItisthelargestharborforforeigntradeandthebiggestfinancialcenterinChina.ThePudongNewArea,whichisunderconstruction,addscharmtoShanghai,whichisopeningfurthertotheoutsideworldanddevelopingrapidly(byleapsandbounds).Becauseofitsnumerousbrightlylitskyscrapers,Shanghaienjoysaninternationalreputationasa/the“PearlintheFarEast”.ItsinfiniteglamourisvividlyshownbythebeautifulbundandprosperousandilluminatingNanjingRoadandHuaihaiRoad.Asaparadiseforshoppers,Shanghaihasallkindsofmerchandise/commoditiesondisplay(forsale).NanjingRoadinthecitycenterislinedwithnationallyknowndepartmentstores,foodstoresandspecialtystores.Thecolorful/gorgeous/kaleidoscopicdisplayofcommoditieswontheroadthereputationofabeautifulshoppingwindow(showcase)ofChina.[問答題]10.豫園是我國江南著名的明代園林，是老城廂內(nèi)明代園林的僅存之園和代表之作。上海地區(qū)有五大古典園林，就是上海豫園、嘉定古漪園、嘉定秋霞圃、青浦曲水園及松江醉白池，豫園是其首。豫園原為明代潘允端的私人花園，始建于明嘉靖三十八年（公元1559年），園主潘允端曾任四川布政使，建造此園是為“愉悅老親”，故名豫園。1956年上海解放后起豫園開始重新修繕，重現(xiàn)舊日風采?，F(xiàn)豫園占地三十余畝，園中一山一石、一亭一榭都體現(xiàn)出明清兩代江南園林建筑的藝術(shù)風格。豫園內(nèi)有48處景點構(gòu)成，大小亭臺樓閣點綴其中，水池溪流、奇峰異石參差其間，還有大假山、荷花池、萬花樓、點春堂、玉玲瓏、內(nèi)園等景區(qū)。其中點春堂為小刀會起義軍的城北指揮部。園林布局具有吳越建筑特點，保存完整，有“奇秀甲江南”之譽。參考答案：【參考譯文】YuyuanGarden,afamousgardenofMingDynastyinChina,istheonlywell-preservedoneofMingDynastyintheoldcityofShanghaiandarepresentativeoftheclassicalarchitecturalstyle.IttopsthefiveclassicalgardensinShanghai,abovetheGuyiGardenandtheQiuxiaGardeninJiadingDistrict,theQushuiGardeninQinpuDistrictandtheZuibaichiGardeninSongjiangDistrict.YuyuanGardenwasbuiltin1559(the38thyearintheperiodofJiajingofMingDynasty)asaprivategardenofPanYunduan,thegovernorofSichuanProvinceintheMingDynastywhohadthegardenbuiltinordertopleasehisparentsintheiroldage.In1956,afterShanghai'sliberation,thecitygovernmentreconstructedthegardenandrefurbisheditsmienandbeautyasintheolddays.Thepresent-dayYuyuancoversanareaof30acresandeachpavilion,hall,stoneandstreaminthegardenexpressestheessenceofSouthChina'slandscapedesignfromtheMingandQingdynasties.Insidethegardenare48scenicattractions,includingexquisiterockeriesandfountains,differentlyshapedpavilionsandpagodasandothertouristattractionsliketheGrandRockery,theLotusPond,theTenThousand-FlowerPavilion,theHallofJadeMagnificence,theInnerGarden,andespeciallytheSpringHeraldingHall,whichwasthebaseoftheSocietyofLittleSwords,whichledanuprisingagainsttheQingdynastyandoccupiedShanghaifor17months.PreservedintactwiththelayoutcharacteristicofancientSouthChina,thegardenisacknowledgedasacknowledgedasanarchitecturalmiracleintheregionsoutheastoftheYangtzeRiver.[問答題]11.蘇州是世界上著名的園林城市，位于長江下游，緊靠太湖，擁有2500多年的歷史，風景優(yōu)美，文化遺產(chǎn)豐富。蘇州古典園林是具有自然意趣的“城市山林”，它宅園合一，反映了人與自然的和諧，追求的是山水泉之樂，達到了“不出城廓而獲山林之怡、身居鬧市而有林泉之趣”的優(yōu)美境界。它融建筑美、自然美、人工美為一體，反映了中國江南高度的居住文明，體現(xiàn)了當時城市建筑科學技術(shù)風格和藝術(shù)成就，在中國乃至世界園林藝術(shù)發(fā)展史上具有不可替代的地位。參考答案：【參考譯文】Suzhouisacityfamousaroundtheworldforitsclassicalgardenswithahistoryofmorethan2,500years.ItissituatedintheLowerYangtzebasinbythesideoftheTaihuLakeboastingsplendidsceneryandrichculturalheritage.Theclassicalgardensarethe“urbanscenery”withappealofnature.Incorporatingthebeautyofhousesandgardens,theyreflecttheharmonybetweenmanandnature.Offeringthepleasuresofwildernesswithmountains,riversandsprings,thegardensprovidesanamicableenvironmentwheremanisclosetonaturewithoutleavingtheurbandin.Incorporatingthebeautyofarchitectureandnature,representingthehousingcivilizationinthesouthoftheYangtzeRiver,embodyingthearchitecturalfeaturesandartisticachievementsincities,theclassicalgardensofSuzhouareunmatchedinthegardeninghistoryofChinaandevenoftheworld.[問答題]12.頤和園最早建于1750年。自中華人民共和國成立以來，頤和園經(jīng)歷了幾次大規(guī)模翻修。在設計及施工這兩方面，頤和園是一座中國古典建筑的里程碑。它借鑒了周圍的景觀，不但展示了宏偉的皇家園林（imperialgarden），還有大自然的美景。聯(lián)合國教科文組織（UNESCO）對頤和園的評論是：1）北京頤和園是優(yōu)秀藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作的表達。它將人工和自然和諧地結(jié)合在一起。2）頤和園顯示了中國園林設計的理念和實踐。3）頤和園所代表的皇家花園是世界文明的一個強有力的象征。參考答案：【參考譯文】SincethefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,theSummerPalacehasundergoneseveralmajorrenovations.TheSummerPalaceisamonumenttoclassicalChinesearchitecture,intermsofbothdesignandconstruction.Itborrowsscenesfromsurroundinglandscapes.Itdisplaysnotonlythegrandeurofanimperialgardenbutalsothebeautyofnature.UNESCOhasmadethefollowingcommentsabouttheSummerPalace:1）TheSummerPalaceinBeijingisanoutstandingartisticexpression:1）Itcombinestheworksofmanandnatureinharmony;2）TheSummerPalacedemonstratesthephilosophyandpracticeofChinesegardendesign,whichplayedakeyroleinthedevelopmentofthisculturalformthroughouttheEast;3）TheImperialChineseGarden,illustratedbytheSummerPalace,isapowerfulmanifestationofworldcivilization.[問答題]13.長城是世界一大奇跡?，F(xiàn)在，每年都有幾百萬人到長城游覽。在旺季，幾處最著名的景點總是讓成群結(jié)隊的游客擠得水泄不通。中國人修筑城墻的歷史久遠，可以追溯到戰(zhàn)國時期。歷史上，中國共修過大約20座長城。在所有這些長城中，明長城最長，達到6700公里。在當時，中國技術(shù)在世界上處于領先地位，因此明長城的結(jié)構(gòu)也是最復雜的。明長城的修筑是為了抵御北方游牧民族的入侵。清朝建立后，由于它的建立者本身也是游牧民族，他們覺得沒有必要繼續(xù)修筑長城。不過，清政府還是頒布法令對長城進行保護，禁止拆磚。但是，歲月的流逝和連續(xù)戰(zhàn)亂使人們易到之處遭到了嚴重的破壞。十幾年來，蓬勃發(fā)展的旅游業(yè)促進了長城的修繕工程。目前，多處長城已經(jīng)修復，或正在修繕中。參考答案：【參考譯文】TheGreatWallisawonderoftheworld.Now,millionsofpeoplejourneytotheGreatWalleachyear,makingitsmostpopularsitesbesiegedbyhordesoftouristsduringbusyseasons.TheChinesehavealonghistoryofbuildingwalls,datingfromtheWarringStatesperiod.Inhistory,about20wallswerebuilt,withthewallconstructedduringtheMingDynastybeingthelongest,extending6,700km.Chinawasthemosttechnologicallyadvancednationinthewordthen,sothewallwasalsothemostsophisticatedinstructure.Itwasbuilttowardofftheinvasionofnomadsfromthenorth.AftertheestablishmentoftheQingDynasty,sinceitsfounderswerethemselvesnomads,theydidnotseeaneedtocontinuewithwallbuilding.Nonetheless,theQinggovernmentdidinstitutealawtopreservethewall,banningtheremovalofbricksfromit.But,theimpactoftimeandcontinuouswarshaveleftthewallgreatlydamagedinitsmostaccessiblesections.Overthepast10-plusyears,theboomingtouristindustryhasstimulatedtheGreatWall'srenovationproject.Now,manyofitssectionshavebeenorarebeingrevamped.[問答題]14.麗江縣位于云南省西北部，是納西族人民聚居的地方。麗江縣城即麗江古城，始建于宋代，距今已有近800年的歷史。占地1.5平方公里，以四方街為中心，整體原貌保存完整。其建筑融匯了白族和漢族的建筑特色，形成了納西族輕靈飄逸的獨特風格。古城北依象山，西枕獅山，不筑城墻。清澈的玉泉水分東、西、中三股流入城中，又分無數(shù)支流，繞街究鎮(zhèn)，入墻過屋，淌遍小街窄巷，形成“家家泉水，戶戶垂柳”的宜人景象。古城石橋密布，大街小巷路面用彩花石鋪成。城中房舍多為三坊一照壁，也有不少四合院，院內(nèi)種花植樹，更顯古雅秀麗，素有“麗郡從來喜植樹，山城無處不養(yǎng)花”之稱。在城中游覽，所見盡是明清文物，令人充滿懷古之幽情。參考答案：【參考譯文】TheLijiangCounty,wheretheNaxiEthnicMinorityhaslivedforgenerations,islocatedinthenorth-easternpartofYunnanProvince.TheOldTownofLijiangisacentraltownoftheLijiangAutonomousCounty.FirstlybuiltinthelateSongDynasty,ithasahistoryofmorethan800years.TheintactOldTowncoversanareaof3.8squarekilometerscenteringattheSquareStreetandarekeptinagoodstateofpreservation.ThebuildingsinthetownincorporatethearchitecturaltraitsofHanandBaiethnicityintoauniqueelegantNaxistyle.EmbracedbyElephantandMountainsinthenorthandtheLionMountaininthewest,thetowncallsfornodefendingwalls.ThecrystalclearwateroftheJadeSpringflowsintothetownfromtheeast,thewestandinbetween,andthensubdividedintostreamsthroughoutthetown,alongthestreetsandthelanes,aroundthehousesandthewalls,formingthepleasantsightofstreamsandwillowtreesbyeveryfamily.TheOldTownisdottedwithstonebridgesandlinedwithstreetsthatarepavedbythemassiveandfine-grainedlocalbluestones.Thebuildingsinthetownaremostlycompoundswithhousesaroundacourtyardexceptthefront,manyofwhicharequadrangles.Asthegardensarealwaysrefinedwithbeautifulflowersandtrees,theregoestheoldsaying“treeshavelongbeenlovedinLijiangTownandflowershaveeverywherebeenplantedintheMountainTown.”AlltherelicsfromtheMingandQingDynastieswilladdasenseofantiquityandmysterytotheOldTown.[問答題]15.黃浦江游覽，是上海旅游中的一個重要的傳統(tǒng)旅游節(jié)目，它不僅在于黃浦江是上海的母親河，代表著上海的象征和縮影，還在于浦江兩岸，薈萃了上海城市景觀的精華，從這里你可以看到上海的過去、現(xiàn)在，更可以展望上海的燦爛明天。黃浦江游輪向東蜿蜒前行，途經(jīng)黃金水道，抵達吳淞口，三個半小時的行程，游程60公里，一路景觀層出不窮。浦江游覽過程中可看到橫跨浦江兩岸的楊浦大橋、南浦大橋和上海東方明珠廣播電視塔。兩座大橋，像兩條巨龍橫臥于黃浦江上，中間是東方明珠電視塔，正好構(gòu)成了一幅“二龍戲珠”的巨幅畫卷，而浦江西岸一幢幢風格迥異充滿濃郁異國色彩的萬國建筑與浦東東岸一幢幢拔地而起高聳云間的現(xiàn)代建筑相映成輝，令人目不暇接。參考答案：【參考譯文】ThecruisealongtheHuangpuRiverisatraditionaliteminthetouringaroundShanghai.HuangpuRiver,thebirthplaceofShanghai,isasymbolembodyingitssoulandtheareasonbothsidesoftheriverincorporatethequintessenceofsightsinShanghai,fromwhichyoucanadmirethecity'spast,presentanditssplendidfuture.ThecruiseboatmeanderseastwardalongthegoldenwaterwaytotheWusongMouth,aconfluenceofthethreeandhalfhoursoveradistanceof60kilometers,withbeautifulviewemergingoneafteranother.Alongtheriver,youwillenjoytheviewofYangpuBridge,NanpuBridgespanningacrosstheriverandtheOrientalPearlRadioandTVTower.Thetwobridges,liketwogiantdragonsrecliningontheriver,formatraditionalChinesepaintingofTwoDragonsPlayingPearlwiththetowerstandinginbetween.Thevariegatedbuildingsofwesternstylesalongthewesternbankoftheriverandthemodernarchitecturestoweringalongtheeasternbankenhancethebeautyofeachotherincomplementandthescenicviewscomeinsuchsuccessionthatfascinatethevisitors.[問答題]16.廈門市地處我國東南沿海，位于福建省東南部、九龍江人海處，背靠漳州、泉州平原，瀕臨臺灣海峽，面對金門諸島，與臺灣寶島和澎湖列島隔海相望。廈門港是一個條件優(yōu)越的海峽性天然良港，其海岸線蜿蜒曲折，全長234公里，港闊水深，終年不凍，歷史上就是我國東南沿海對外貿(mào)易的重要口岸。廈門屬亞熱帶氣候，溫和多雨，年平均氣溫在21℃左右，夏無酷暑，冬無嚴寒。全市人口中以漢族居多，另有回、滿、壯等20多個少數(shù)民族；由于地理環(huán)境和歷史背景因素，廈門擁有眾多的歸僑和僑眷。參考答案：【參考譯文】XiamenissituatedonChina'ssoutheastcoastofFujianProvince,attheestuaryofJiulongRiver.XiamenisadjacenttotheZhangzhou—QanzhouPlainontheland,andfacestheJinmenIslandsonthesea.AcrosstheTaiwanStraitareTaiwanIslandandthePenghuIslands.XiamenHarbour,aharbourofthestraittypewithfavorablenaturalconditions,hasazigzagcoastlineof234kilometers.Itisaspaciousharbourwithdeepwaterthatisice-freeallyearround.Xiamenhasalwaysbeenanimportantseaportofforeigntradeofthesoutheastcoasteversincetheancienttimes.Xiamenfeaturesasubtropicalclimate.Itisgenerallymildandtemperatewithabundantrainwater.Ithasanaverageannualtemperatureofapproximately21°C.WinterinXiamenisnotharshwhilesummerisfreefromextremeheat.BesidestheHannationalitywhichholdsthemajorityofthecity'spopulation,therearealso20-oddminoritynationalities,suchasHui,Man,Zhuang,etc.Owingtoitsgeographicenvironmentandhistoricalbackground,XiamenishometolotsofreturnedoverseasChineseandtheirfamilies.[問答題]17.著名的旅游勝地黃山坐落在安徽省的南部，面積約1200平方公里。黃山有72座名峰，其中最出名的有蓮花峰、天都峰、始信峰和青鸞峰。黃山景色甚為獨特，它兼有泰山之雄偉，華山之險峻，峨眉山之清秀。奇松、怪石、云海和溫泉堪稱黃山四絕。黃山的迎客松早以其特殊的造型而聞名于世。當?shù)亓鱾髦簧賰?yōu)美的神話故事，為黃山披上了神秘的外衣。例如青鸞峰這一名字的來歷，就很富有詩意和傳奇色彩。海拔1780米的青鸞峰形狀很像一只蹲伏的大鳥：鳥頭微抬，仿佛凝視遠處的天都峰，尾巴下垂，兩翼緊貼鳥身，綠樹覆蓋全身，因此得名“青鸞峰”。參考答案：【參考譯文】Huangshan,awell-knowntouristmountainresort,occupiesanareaof1200squarekilometersinSouthAnhuiProvince.Boasting72peaks,includingthebestknownLianhua,Tiandu,ShixinandQingluanPeaks,HuangshanblendsthegrandeurofMountTai,theaweofHuashanMountainandtheeleganceofMountEmei.Huangshanismostnotedforitsfourattractionsunparalleledelsewhere,namely,extraordinarypinesgrowingoutofrockcrevices,grotesquerocks,seasofcloudsswirlingaroundthepeaks,andhotsprings.Theworld-famousVisitor-GreetingPinehaslongbeenknownforitssingularbuild.Manyfairytalesaboutthismountainspreadamongthelocalpeople,hidingHuangshaninmystery.Forexample,thetaleabouttheoriginofthenameoftheQingluanPeakisoneofpoeticandlegendaryflavor.Rising1,780metersabovesealevel,thePeakbearsastrongresemblancetoafabulousperchingbird,asiflockingfixedlyattheTianduPeakinthedistance,withitsheadraisedslightlyup,itstaildroopingdownandthetwowingsclingingtoitsbodygrownalloverwithtrees.HencethenameQingluanPeak,whichliterallymeanstheGreenBirdPeak.[問答題]18.北京是一座有3000多年悠久歷史的文明古城，800多年前北京開始建都。離人民大會堂不遠的地方，就是舉世聞名的故宮。故宮始建于600年前，是世界上現(xiàn)存最大最完整的古代宮殿建筑群。從歷史悠久的北京和建筑雄偉的故宮，人們就能夠生動地感受到中華文明源遠流長、博大精深的深厚底蘊，感受到中華民族自強不息、頑強奮進的壯闊歷程。北京，這座古老而充滿活力的城市，正昂首闊步邁向國際現(xiàn)代化大都市行列。現(xiàn)代化的國際大都市需要現(xiàn)代化的交通。北京市已形成了現(xiàn)代化的立體交通網(wǎng)。這是一個體系完整、連接通暢、功能齊全、配套合理的現(xiàn)代立體交通網(wǎng)絡。參考答案：【參考譯文】Beijingisanancientcitywithalonghistoryofover3,000years.Itbecamethenation'scapitalover800yearsago.AshortdistancefromtheGreatHallofthePeopleistheworld-renownedForbiddenCity.Firstbuiltsome600yearsago,theformerImperialPalaceisthelargestandmostcompleteexistingensembleofancientroyalarchitectureintheworld.FromBeijing'stime-honoredpastandthemajesticForbiddenCityitself,peoplecanlearnvividlytheoriginality,greatnessandprofoundrichnessoftheChinesecivilizationandfeelforthemselvesthevigor,resilienceandpioneeringspiritoftheChinesenation.Beijing,anenergeticcitywithalonghistory,isnowrisingtobecomeoneoftheworld'smodernmetropolises.Trafficisvitalforthedevelopmentofametropolitancity.InBeijing,amodern,all-encompassingtransportationnetworkhasbeenestablished.Thenetworkfeaturesacompletesystemoffree-movingtrafficandperfectlyfunctioningandappropriatefacilities.[問答題]19.科學家與環(huán)保人士擔心全球變暖的問題。使用化石燃料（如石油、煤）或大面積砍伐森林，是地球大氣“溫室氣體”不斷增加的兩大因素。這些氣體所吸收的熱能越來越多，最終將改變天氣型態(tài)、造成海平面與海洋溫度的上升，以及形成有害于植物、野生動物和人類棲息地的氣候反常。參考答案：【參考譯文】Scientistsandenvironmentalistsareconcernedaboutglobalwarming.Theuseoffossilfuelssuchaspetroleumandcoalandthelarge-scaledeforestationarethetwomajorfactorsbehindrisinglevelsof“greenhousegases”intheEarth'satmosphere.Whenthesegasestrapmoreheat,consequenceswillbealteredweatherpatterns,anincreaseinsealevelsandoceantemperatures,andclimatechanges,risingsealevelsandtemperatures,andweatherthatdisruptshuman,wildlifeandplanthabitats.[問答題]20.對人類來說，“一次性”用品的出現(xiàn)和泛濫，可能是一場生態(tài)災難。過去的十年里，世界上越來越多的環(huán)保積極分子舉起手臂，向“一次性”用品宣戰(zhàn)——賓館不設一次性洗漱用品、餐館不再提供一次性筷子、超市不再提供免費塑料購物袋。顯然，我們再也不能置身事外。作為“一次性”消費大國，我們責無旁貸。塑料，有人稱是人類20世紀最糟糕的發(fā)明；而一次性塑料袋是所有塑料制品中對生態(tài)傷害最嚴重的一種。是的，限制使用塑料袋會給我們?nèi)粘Ｉ顜碇T多不便。但是，若想擺脫地球污染，還我碧水藍天，為子孫萬代造福，一時不便算得了什么？相信對塑料購物袋說“不”，只是一個美好的開端。它的意義，不僅在于直接減少“白色垃圾”；更重要的是，它對大眾習以為常的“一次性”消費習慣是一次強有力的沖擊。因此，我們應該提高警惕，盡早杜絕“白色污染”之禍。環(huán)保不但是我們這一代人的使命，更是我們的文化責任。參考答案：【參考譯文】Tohumankindasawhole,theappearanceandspreadofdisposableproductsprobablyconstitutesanecologicaldisaster.Overthepastdecade,agrowingnumberofenvironmentalprotectionactivistshavebeenraisingtheirarmstowagewarondisposableproducts—noone-time-usearticlessuchastoothbrush,toothpaste,orsoapareprovidedathotels,noone-time-usechopsticksareavailableatrestaurants,andnoone-time-usefreeplasticshoppingbagsareofferedtocustomersatsupermarkets.Obviously,wecannolongeraffordtokeepourselvesoutofthisworldwideanti-disposable-producteffort.Indeed,asabigconsumercountryofone-time-useproducts,weshouldnotshirkourresponsibility.Somepeoplearguethattheplasticwastheworstinventionevermadebyhumankindinthe20thcentury,andofallthethingsmadeofplastics,one-timeplasticbagsarebyfarthemostharmfulproductstoourecology.Tobesure,restrictingtheuseofplasticbagsmaycauseconsiderableinconvenienceinourdailylife.Butsuchtemporaryinconveniencesarenothingtousifwedowanttogetridofpollutiononourplanet,seethereturn