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新概念第二冊語法解析及練習(xí):現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時:1.構(gòu)成:have/has+過去分詞2.功能:(1)表示過去所發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。常與yet,just,before,recently,lately(最近),ever,never等表時間的副詞搭配使用。

?.Hehasn'tseenherlately.

?.Ihaven'tfinishedthebookyet.(2)表示一個從過去某個時間開始,延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能持續(xù)下去的動作,常與表示一段時間的時間狀語連用。如:sofar(迄今為止),uptillnow(直到現(xiàn)在),since,

foralongtime(很長時間),uptopresent(直到現(xiàn)在),inthepast/inthelastfewyears(在過去的幾年里),thesedays(目前)……?.Hehasworkedherefor15years.

?.IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIcamehere.

?.TheforeignerhasbeenawayfromChinaforalongtime.

?.Sofar,Ihaven'treceivedasingleletterfrommybrother.(3)某些非延續(xù)性動詞(即:動作開始便終止的動詞),在現(xiàn)在完成時中不能與表示一段時間狀語搭配。

黃金要點:

I.常見的非延續(xù)動詞:die,arrive(到達(dá)),join(加入),leave(離開),go,refuse(拒絕),fail(失?。?finish,buy,marry,divorce(離婚),awake(醒),buy,borrow,lend...

(背三遍!)

II.這類動詞并非不能用現(xiàn)在完成時,而是不能接常由for引導(dǎo)的時間狀語。

III.但若是用在否定句中,非延續(xù)動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時可以與表示一段時間的狀語連用。?.Shehasgoneawayforamonth.(誤)

?.Shehasbeenawayforamonth(正)?.Themanhasdiedfortwoyears.(誤)

?.Themanhasbeendeadfortwoyears.(正)?.Howlonghaveyouboughtthebook?(誤)

?.Howlonghaveyougotthebook.(正)(4)注意since的用法:

?.Theyhaven'thadanytroublesincetheycamehere.

?.Ithasbeentenyearssincewemetlasttime.

?.Hehasbeenheresince1980.

?.Hehasbeenheresincetenyearsago.

幾組對比:?.HehasgonetoShanghai.他到上海去了。

?.HehasbeentoShanghai.他去過上海。?.Shehasgone.她已走了。

?.Sheisgone.她缺席了。(或者她死了。)?.Thedoorhasbeenclosed.門關(guān)上了。(動作)

?.Thedoorisclosed.門是關(guān)著的。(狀態(tài))

測試精編1.Theprices________goingupallthetimeinthepastfewyears.

A.keep

B.kept

C.havekept

D.arekeeping2.Forthewholeperiodoftwomonths,there________noraininthisarea.

A.is

B.willbe

C.hasbeen

D.havebeen3.TodayisJane'sweddingday.She________John.

A.havejustmarriedwith

B.wasjustmarriedto

C.hasjustbeenmarriedto

D.justhasbeenmarriedto4.Nowondertheflowerhavewithered,they________anywaterforages.

A.hadn't

B.haven't

C.haven'thad

D.hadn'thad5.Nowadayscomputer________awideapplicationwiththedevelopmentofproductionandscience.

A.found

B.hasfound

C.finds

D.hadfoundKEYS1.C

2.C

3.C

4.C

5.B

過去進(jìn)行時:1.構(gòu)成:were/was+現(xiàn)在分詞2.功能:(1)表示過去某一時刻或階段正在發(fā)生的動作。

?.Iwasplayingchessat8yesterdayevening.

?.WhenIarrived,theywerewatchingTV.

?.Theyweredoinghouseworkthistimelastweek.(2)用于條件狀語從句中表示過去將來進(jìn)行的動作。

?.Shetoldmetowakehimupifshewassleeping.

?.IaskedmyfriendtowarnmeaboutitaslongasIwasdrivingtoofast.測試精編1.Mybrother________whilehe________hisbicycleandhurthimself.

A.fell/wasriding

B.feel/wereriding

C.hadfallen/rode

D.hadfallen/wasriding2.He________hislegashe________inafootballmatch.

A.broke/played

B.wasbreaking/wasplaying

C.broke/wasplaying

D.wasbreaking/played3.-Myfatherwillbeheretomorrow.-Ithoughtthathe________today.

A.wascorning

B.iscoming

C.willcome

D.comes4.Jackwasgoingoutoftheshopwhenhecollidedwithanoldwomanwho________in.

A.come

B.wascoming

C.hadbeencoming

D.hadcome5.Michikecouldn'tcometothetelephonewhenMr.Smithcalledherbecauseshe________inthelab.

A.hadbeenworking

B.hasbeenworking

C.wasworking

D.workedKEYS1.A

2.C

3.A

4.B

5.C一般過去時:功能:(1)表示過去某個特定時間或某一段時間發(fā)生的動作或情況。

?.Wevisitedtheschoollastspring.

?.IwenttoschoolbybikewhenIwasinmiddleschool.

?.Chinawasfoundedin1949.(2)在表示時間或條件等的狀語從句中代替過去將來時。

?.Shetoldmethatshewouldnotgowithusifitrainedthenextday.

?.Theywouldnotleaveuntilshecameback.

?.Myfriendpromisedtomarrymeonceshemadeherfinaldecision.

一般過去時,現(xiàn)在時和過去時的幾組差異:(別以為這很簡單,下面的差異你不一定明白。)?.Herbrotherwasachemist.(已去世)

?.Herbrotherisachemist.(尚健在)?.That'sallIhadtosay.(話已說完)

?.That'sallIhavetosay.(言之未盡)?.Itwassonicetoseeyou.(離別時用)

?.Itissonicetoseeyou.(見面時用)?.Janedidalotofworkthismorning.(已是當(dāng)天下午或晚上)

?.Janehasdonealotofworkthismorning.(仍是上午)[本句現(xiàn)在完成時,此乃后話?。?/p>

測試精編I:(用所給動詞的正確進(jìn)態(tài)填空)。1.YesterdayI________(think)thatyouwerenotinBeijing.2.Aliceusually________(sit)inthefrontoftheclassroom,butshe________(sit)atthebackthismorning.3.He________(tell)thenewstousthreedaysago.

4.He________(begin)toteachChinesein1990.5.shewouldnottelephonemeifshe________(have)notime.

測試精編II1.They________thetripuntiltherainstopped.

A.continued

B.didn'tcontinue

C.hadn'tcontinued

D.wouldcontinue2.Thelocalpeasantsgavethesoldiersclothesandfoodwithoutwhichthey________ofhungerandcold.(without在這里表條件,你知道嗎?)

A.woulddie

B.willdie

C.wouldbedead

D.wouldhavedied3.ItwasnotuntilthenthatIcametoknowthattheearth________aroundthesun.

A.moved

B.hasmoved

C.willmove

D.moves4.Whenallthosepresent________hebeganhislecture.(重點題)

A.sit

B.set

C.seated

D.wereseated5.IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhavewrittentoyou.ButinfactI________not.

A.have

B.wouldhave

C.had

D.hadhadKEYS1.thought

2.sits,sat

3.told

4.began

5.had

1.B

2.A

3.D

4.D

5.C現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時:1.構(gòu)成:is/am/are+現(xiàn)在分詞2.功能:(1)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作。

?.Thekettleisboiling.ShallImaketea?

?.Don'tyouthinkyoueattoomuch?You'reputtingonweight.

?.Theworkersarebuildinganewbridgeacrosstheriver.(2)表現(xiàn)階段正進(jìn)行的動作。

?.Heistakingphysicsthissemester.

?.Wearepreparingforourfinalexaminationthisweek.(3)go,come,leave,arrive,land,meet,die,start,return,join,etc.用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)時表示即將開始的動作。

?.Look!Thebusiscoming.

看!車來了!

?.Theoldmanisseriouslyill,andheisdying.

?.AliceisleavingforBeijingwithhermother.(4)與always,forever,continually,constantly等副詞連用,表示說話人帶有感情色彩:贊賞或厭惡。

?.Heisalwaysthinkingofothers.(他總是想著別人。)

?.Theboyiscontinuallymakingnoises.(這男孩不斷地發(fā)出吵鬧聲。)

?.Theteacherisconstantly(always)criticizingherforbeinglate.(老師一直在批評她遲到。)(5)下面表示狀態(tài)、感覺、情緒、精神活動的動詞不可用于進(jìn)行時。

(此條戒律請背10遍?。。。?/p>

believe(相信),doubt(懷疑),see(看見),hear(聽見),know(知道),understand(理解),belong(屬于),think(認(rèn)為),consider(認(rèn)為),feel(覺得),look(看起來),seem(看上去),show(顯示),mind(介意),have(有),sound(聽起來),taste(嘗起來),require(要求),possess(擁有),care(關(guān)心),like(喜歡),hate(討厭),love(喜愛),detest(憎恨),desire(意欲)【簡單記憶】

●永遠(yuǎn)不要說I'mbelieving...或Heisseeingahouse.再簡單一點說,這些動詞后面不要隨意加-ing.

●可怕的是:我們在寫作及口語中常犯此類大錯!

●注意:haveaparty/thinkabout可以用進(jìn)行時,因為這里have意為“舉行”;think意為“考慮”。

測試精編1.Howcanyou________Ifyouarenot________?

A.listening/hearing

B.hear/listening

C.belistening/heard

D.behearing/listeningto2.Thegirlevenwon'thaveherlunchbeforeshe________herhomework.

A.willfinish

B.isfinishing

C.hadfinished

D.finishes3.Thosewhohaveappliedforthepost________intheoffice.(此題超前)

A.arebeinginterviewed

B.areinterviewing

C.interviewing

D.tobeinterviewing4.Theoldscientist________todomoreforthecountry.

A.iswishing

B.hasbeenwishing

C.wishes

D.hasbeenwished5.Ifhe________,don'twakehimup.

A.stillsleeps

B.isstillsleeping

C.stillhasbeensleeping

D.willbesleepingstillKEYS1.B

2.D

3.A

4.C

5.B

一般現(xiàn)在時:

1.構(gòu)成:使用動詞原形,第三人稱單數(shù)須有變化。(1)直接加“s”,works,takes(2)以輔音加“y”結(jié)尾,變“y”為“i”,再加“es”(3)以“o,s,x,ch,sh”結(jié)尾的動詞加“es”

goes

dresses

watches

brushes2.功能:(1)表現(xiàn)在的事實、狀態(tài)或動作:

eg?.Birdsfly.

?.Shelovesmusic.

?.Mary'sparentsgetupveryearly.(2)表習(xí)慣性動作或職業(yè),常與often,sometimes,usually,always,everyweek,seldom,occasionally,frequently等時間副詞連用。

eg?.Ialwaystakeawalkaftersupper.

?.Shewritestomeveryoften.

?.Tomandhisgirlfriendgoouttotakeapicnicoccasionally.(3)表客觀真理,格言警句或事實:

eg?.Theearthmovesroundthesun.

?.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.

?.Twoandtwomakesfour.

?.Nomanbuterrs.人非圣賢,熟能無過。(4)表將來:

A.在由when,after,before,as,assoonas,although,because,if,evenif,incase,till,until,unless,

solongas,where,whatever,wherever等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來發(fā)生的動作。

(黃金重點,所有考試都不放過它!)

eg?.I'lltellherwhenshecomestomorrow.

?.Evenifitrainsthisafternoon,I'llmeetyou.

?.Whateverhappens,youshouldkeepcool-headed.(不錯的句型,背下!?。?/p>

?.I'llberightherewaitingforyouwhereveryougo.(很感人的句型!)B.按時間表示將要發(fā)生的動作或事件,用一般現(xiàn)在時表達(dá)將來時概念。

eg?.Theplaybeginsat6:30thisevening.

?.Whendoes

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