大興安嶺興安落葉松人工林地下火燃燒特征研究

大興安嶺興安落葉松人工林地下火燃燒特征研究大興安嶺興安落葉松人工林地下火燃燒特征研究

摘要

地下火是一種常見的自然災(zāi)害現(xiàn)象，也是人工林管理過程中的一種問題。本研究通過對大興安嶺興安落葉松人工林地下火的調(diào)查和研究，找出了其燃燒特征和危害，并且提出了相應(yīng)的防治措施。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，大興安嶺興安落葉松人工林地下火主要發(fā)生在夏季和秋季，且多發(fā)生在枯枝敗葉堆積密集的地方。地下火溫度較高，容易引發(fā)引火點(diǎn)周圍枯枝、干葉的燃燒，從而形成火線，危害林木的生長發(fā)育和環(huán)境的穩(wěn)定。為了減少地下火的影響，研究提出了以下措施，首先進(jìn)行地下火的監(jiān)測和預(yù)測，在發(fā)現(xiàn)地下火時及時進(jìn)行人工干預(yù)，清除引火物質(zhì)，破除引火線；其次，加強(qiáng)人工林的管理，加強(qiáng)清理落葉和枯枝，降低火災(zāi)的爆發(fā)風(fēng)險；最后，加大宣傳和教育力度，提高公眾的火災(zāi)預(yù)防和應(yīng)急處理能力。

關(guān)鍵詞：大興安嶺；興安落葉松；地下火；燃燒特征；防治措施

Abstract

Undergroundfireisacommonnaturaldisasterphenomenonandalsoaprobleminthemanagementofartificialforests.ThroughtheinvestigationandresearchoftheundergroundfireintheXing'anlarchplantationintheDaxinganlingMountains,thisstudyfounditsburningcharacteristicsandhazards,andproposedcorrespondingpreventionandcontrolmeasures.ThestudyfoundthatundergroundfiresintheXing'anlarchplantationmainlyoccurinsummerandautumn,andaremorelikelytooccurinplaceswheredeadbranchesandleavesaredenselypiledup.Thetemperatureofundergroundfiresishigh,whichcaneasilyignitethesurroundingdrybranchesandleaves,formingafireline,andcausingdamagetothegrowthanddevelopmentoftreesandthestabilityoftheenvironment.Toreducetheimpactofundergroundfires,thisstudyproposesthefollowingmeasures:first,monitorandpredictundergroundfires,andtimelytakeartificialinterventionwhenundergroundfiresarefoundtoclearthefire-pronematerialsandbreakthefireline.Second,strengthenthemanagementofartificialforests,cleanupfallenleavesanddeadbranches,andreducetheriskoffireoutbreaks.Finally,increasepublicityandeducation,andImprovethepublic'sabilitytopreventandrespondtofires.

Keywords:DaxinganlingMountains;Xing'anlarchplantation;undergroundfire;burningcharacteristics;preventionandcontrolmeasuresTheDaxinganlingMountainsareknownfortheirvastforestsandbeautifulscenery.However,theareaisalsosusceptibletoforestfires,whichposeasignificantthreattoboththeenvironmentandhumanlife.Onemajorissueintheareaisundergroundfires,whichhaveburningcharacteristicsthataredifficulttocontrol.

TheXing'anlarchplantationisparticularlyvulnerabletothesefiresduetotheaccumulationofdeadbranchesandleavesontheforestfloor.Thesematerialsserveasfuelforundergroundfires,whichcansmolderundetectedforlongperiodsandthensuddenlyeruptintoalargeblaze.

Topreventandcontrolundergroundfires,interventionmeasuresmustbetakentoclearthefire-pronematerialsandbreakthefireline.Thiscanbeachievedthroughtimelydetectionandcarefulmonitoringofpotentialfirehazards,aswellaseffectivecommunicationandcoordinationbetweenforestmanagersandlocalauthorities.

Strengtheningthemanagementofartificialforestsisalsocrucialinreducingtheriskoffireoutbreaks.Thisincludesregularmaintenanceandcleaningoftheforestfloor,aswellasproperdisposalofwastematerials.

Finally,increasingpubliceducationandawarenessisessentialtoimprovingthecommunity'sabilitytopreventandrespondtofires.Thiscanbeachievedthroughtargetedcampaignsandprogramsthatteachpeopleaboutthedangersoffiresandprovidethemwiththeskillsandknowledgeneededtopreventandcontrolthem.

Overall,thepreventionandcontrolofundergroundfiresintheDaxinganlingMountainsrequiresacomprehensiveapproachthatinvolvesmultiplestakeholders,includingforestmanagers,localauthorities,andthepublic.Byworkingtogether,wecanprotectthisvaluableecosystemandpreventthedevastatingeffectsofforestfiresAnotherimportantaspecttoconsiderinpreventingandcontrollingundergroundfiresintheDaxinganlingMountainsistheuseoftechnology.Remotesensing,forinstance,canhelpidentifyareasthatarepronetofires,monitorthespreadofflames,andassesstheseverityofdamagecausedbythem.Dronesequippedwiththermalcamerascanalsoprovidereal-timedataonthelocationandintensityoffires,enablingquickandeffectiveresponses.

Moreover,theuseoffire-resistantbuildingmaterialsandthecreationoffirebreakscanalsohelppreventfiresfromspreading.Firebreaksareareaswherevegetationhasbeenclearedorreducedtocreateabufferzonethatcanstoporslowtheprogressofafire.Thesecanbecreatedbothmanuallyandmechanically,suchasthroughcontrolledburnsortheuseofheavymachinery.

Finally,itisimportanttorecognizethecriticalrolethatthepublicplaysinpreventingandcontrollingundergroundfiresintheDaxinganlingMountains.Publiceducationcampaignscanhelpraiseawarenessonthedangersoffires,teachpeopleaboutresponsibleuseoffire,andpromotesafebehaviorsinforestedareas.Inaddition,community-basedfirepreventionandmanagementprogramscanengagelocalpopulationsinfirepreparedness,training,andresponse,increasingtheircapacitytoaddressfireincidentsbeforetheyescalate.

Inconclusion,undergroundfiresposeasignificantthreattotheDaxinganlingMountains,asensitiveecosystemwithhighecological,economic,andculturalvalue.Mitigatingtheriskoffiresrequiresamultifacetedandcollaborativeapproachthatinvolvestheapplicationofscience,technology,andcommunityengagement.Byworkingtogether,wecansafeguardthisimportantareaandensureitssustainableuseforgenerationstocomeFurthermore,itisessentialtoadoptaproactiveapproachtofiremanagementintheDaxinganlingMountains.Thisincludesundertakingregularinspectionsandmaintenanceofinfrastructure,suchaspowerlinesandroads,thathavethepotentialtosparkfires.Firebreaks,whichareclearedareasdesignedtostoporslowthespreadoffires,shouldalsobeestablishedaroundimportantsitesandkeyhabitats.Thesemeasurescanhelppreventfiresfromstartingorlimittheirextent,reducingtheimpactontheecosystem.

Anothervitalaspectoffiremanagementiseducationandcommunityinvolvement.Localresidents,especiallythoselivinginorneartheforest,shouldbeeducatedabouttherisksoffiresandhowtopreventthem.Community-drivenfirepreventionprogramscanhelpbuildgreaterawarenessandpromoteresponsiblebehavior.Communitiescanalsoplayamoreactiveroleinfiredetectionandreporting,allowingforquickerandmoreeffectiveresponsestoemergingfires.

Finally,acriticalcomponentofanysuccessfulfiremanagementstrategyisearlywarninganddetectionsystems.Technology,suchasremotesensing,canbeusedtodetectfiresintheirearlystages,enablingrapidresponsebyauthorities.Theuseofdronesandotherunmannedaerialvehiclescanalsohelpmonitorfiresandgathercriticalinformationthatcaninformfiresuppressionefforts.

Inconclusion,themanagementofforestfiresintheDaxinganlingMountainsrequiresacomprehensive,holisticapproachthatincludesprevention,earlydetection,andrapidresponse.Collaborationbetweengovernmentagencies,researchinstitutions,andlocalcommunitiesiscriticaltothesuccessoftheseefforts.Byrecognizingtheimportanceofth