現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解

語法課堂上一頁(yè)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)下一頁(yè)主菜單(presentperfect

tense)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

主菜單上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語短暫性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系havebeen與havegone比較與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：

表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或保存的狀態(tài)。結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞一般疑問句：have/has…?Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven’t.Yes,shehas.No,shehasn’t.1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成have/has+v過去分詞助動(dòng)詞否定haven’thasn’t疑問Haveyou…?Hashe…?常與下列時(shí)間狀語連用：just,already,yet,ever,never,before,severaltimes現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。和already，never,ever,just,before,yet等狀語連用。2.過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與for或since引起的一段時(shí)間狀語連用。動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：have/has+v過去分詞havebreakfastIhavejusthadmybreakfast.(現(xiàn)在我不餓)I’mnothungrynowmovedherein2004IstilllivehereIhavelivedhereforthreeyears.Ihavelivedheresince2004/threeyearsago.nowpast現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)--It’ssodark.--Someonehasturnedoffthelight.(有人剛把燈關(guān)了,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很黑)--Areyoufree?--Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Iamfree(我已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè),對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空)主菜單1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語◆常與①already,②never,③ever,④just,

⑤yet,⑥before,⑦uptonow,⑧sofar,⑨forthelastfewweeks

⑩thesedays,

⑾since⑿foralongtime

連用上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單

(1).for+表示一段時(shí)間的短語

(2).since+表示過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞語

(3).since+表示過去時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語從句eg.Ihavebeenateacher______ayear.Hehasbeenatthisschool_______1992.Wehavelearned1,000Englishwords_______wecametothisschool.forsincesince現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)句中常見的時(shí)間狀語A.表示從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,不能是具體的過去時(shí)間。everjustalreadyyete.g.Haveyou_____beentoJapan?Ihave_____finishedmyhomework.Ihavefinishedmyhomework______.

Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomework____.B.just,already,yet,before/ever,never有此類副詞時(shí),常強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作完成,不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù).上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語。(從10年前開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué))Shehasswumsincehalfanhourago.我已經(jīng)游泳了半個(gè)小時(shí)(半個(gè)小時(shí)前已經(jīng)開始游泳,到現(xiàn)在還在游)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法主菜單2.表示過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).常與since+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for+一段時(shí)間，sofar等時(shí)間狀語連用。1.for

+Eg.Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.He’sstudiedEnglishfor3years.一段時(shí)間2.since

+從句(一般過去時(shí))

單詞

詞組

(表示過去某一時(shí)間的)時(shí)間點(diǎn)Eg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.since:(自…以來)1)since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)He

has

stayed

here

since

5

o’clock.2)since+時(shí)間段+agoHe

has

stayed

here

since

5

hours

ago.3)since+從句She

has

taught

English

since

he

came

here.

for:(長(zhǎng)達(dá)）for+時(shí)間段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.since,for的用法:

Takenotes

注1):since也可單獨(dú)使用,表示“自那時(shí)起”;另外since前也可加上ever,以加強(qiáng)語氣.Eg.Ihavebeenhere(ever)since.Ihavebeenhere(ever)sinceIgraduatedin2000.注2):對(duì)for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語提問必須用howlong,決不能用when.Eg.Ihavelivedherefor10years.Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?Shehasstoodheresince2hourago.Howlonghasshestoodhere?※短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)動(dòng)詞間的轉(zhuǎn)換leave--come/go(to)--arrive(at/in)--get(to)--reach--buy--borrow--finish--join--start/begin--die--close--open--return--marry--become--

beaway(from)

be(in/at)

be(in/at)

be(in/at)be(in/at)havekeepbeoverbein/bea/an…beonbedeadbeclosedbeopenbebackbemarried

be短暫性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系

●短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時(shí)間段連用，這些動(dòng)詞是：①become,

②begin,③buy,④borrow,

⑤come(go,arrive),⑥die,

⑦finish,⑧join,⑨leave,等。上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)●為了表述這種意思,我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來代替短暫性動(dòng)詞。主菜單

become→be,begin→have,borrow→keep,buy→have,come(go,arrive,get)→behere/there/in…，die→be

dead,finish→beover,join→bein…（beamemberof…）

leave→beaway(from…),下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單

●但在否定句中，短暫性動(dòng)詞可以與時(shí)間段連用。如：Ihaven’tboughtthebikeforayear.我買這輛自行車還不到一年。Shehasn’tcomehereforanhour.她來這兒還沒有一個(gè)小時(shí)。上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單

翻譯練習(xí)：

1.我買了這塊手表五年了。

2.這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。

Ihaveboughtthiswatchforfiveyears.Ihavehadthiswatchforfiveyears/since

5yearsago.

Theoldmanhasdiedfortenyears.

Theoldmanhasbeendeadfortenyears/since10

yearsago.WW下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單

3.他已經(jīng)回來三天了。

4.自從六點(diǎn)鐘他就來這兒了。

5.我離開家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。

Hehascomebackfor3days.

Hehasbeenback

for3days/since3daysago.

Hehascomeheresince6o’clock.

Hehasbeenheresince6o’clock.

Ihavelefthometownfor10years.Ihavebeenawayfromhometownfor10years.WWW下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單不能說:

*Hehascome

toBeijingfor

two

years.*Hehasboughtthatbookfor

three

weeks.*HehasjoinedtheArmyforoneandahalfyears.*Hisgrandmahasdied

for

nine

months.*Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.可以說:HehasbeeninBeijingfortwoyears.Hehashadthatbookforthreeweeks.Hehasbeeninthearmyforoneandahalfyears.Hisgrandmahasbeen

deadforninemonths.Ihaven't

receivedhisletterforalmostamonth.或者說：ItistwoyearssincehecametoBeijing.Itisthreeweekssinceheboughtthatbook.ItisoneandahalfyearssincehejoinedtheArmy.Itisninemonthssincehisgrandmadied.havebeen與havegone的用法比較

havebeento意思是“到過，去過”，表示曾經(jīng)到過某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。havegoneto

意思是“去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。havebeenin意思是“呆在某處一段時(shí)間了”上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單

HassheeverbeentoNanjing?她曾去過南京嗎？

Youhaveneverbeenthere,haveyou?你以前從未去過那兒，是嗎？

IhavebeentoGuiling,Iwenttherelastyear.我去過桂林，我去年去的。

ShehasgonetoNanjing.

她已經(jīng)去南京了。上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較一.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)都是說過去的事情，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)注意的不是事情本身，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)事情與現(xiàn)在保持的某種密切聯(lián)系（如現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，影響,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在等）;而一般過去時(shí)，則只講述發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系。

上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)主菜單3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)把過去的動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果聯(lián)系起來，一般過去時(shí)只限于表示過去的動(dòng)作本身,與現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果無關(guān)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)在意義上的區(qū)別舉例如下：

Ihavecleanedmyroom.(Myroomiscleannow.)

我已經(jīng)打掃過我的房間了。

Icleanedmyroomlastweek.(Ididitinthepast.)

我上周打掃了我的房間。

Fatherhas

gone

toAmoy.(HewenttoAmoyandheisnotherenow.)爸爸已經(jīng)去廈門了。

Theyhave

boughtadictionary.(Theyboughtadictionaryandtheyhaveitnow.)

他們買了一本字典。注意:

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和明確指出時(shí)間的狀語(如:yesterday,last,year,in1976,twodaysago,justnow,whenshecamein等)連用，但可以和不明確指出時(shí)間的狀語(如:already,yet,ever,never,sometimes,always,often,before,once,twice,recently,lately等)連用；也可以和表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(如：today,thismorning,thisweek,thisyear等)連用。Shehasalreadyfinishedherwork.她已經(jīng)把工作做完了。Ihaven’treadthestoryyet.我還沒讀過這個(gè)故事。Haveyoumethimbefore?你從前曾見過他嗎？Lilyhas

alwaysbeenagoodstudent.Lily一直是個(gè)好學(xué)生。比較：Ihaveseenhimthismorning.我上午看見他了。(說話時(shí)在上午)Isawhimthismorning.今天上午我遇見了他。(說話時(shí)可能是下午或者晚上)Ithasbeencoldthiswinter.今天冬天一直很冷。(說話時(shí)仍是冬天)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或保存的狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用（如：in1990，lastSunday等）。

一般過去時(shí)：一般過去時(shí)只表示過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系（即動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束），它可以和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：have/has+V過去分詞四)Itis+一段時(shí)間+since+句子(一般過去時(shí))=一段時(shí)間+haspassed

+since+句子(一般過去時(shí))

Eg.ItisfiveyearssinceIjoinedthearmy.=FiveyearshaspassedsinceIjoinedthearmy.eg：HehasboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他曾買過一本英漢字典。上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)

第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：“HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Andhestillhasit”

“過去他買了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典”。第二句用過去時(shí)只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字典這一事實(shí)，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng)調(diào)說明。主菜單二．當(dāng)有一個(gè)表示過去某一特定時(shí)間的狀語時(shí)，不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而用一般過去時(shí):上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)eg:

Isawthefilmontelevisionyesterday.

但since(自…以來)+某一過去時(shí)間或敘述過去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。eg：

Theyhaveknowneachothersince1950.

Sincehewasachild,hehaslivedinEngland.主菜單三．常與一般過去時(shí)連用的典型的表示過去時(shí)間的狀語:上一頁(yè)下一頁(yè)yesterday(昨天),thedaybeforeyesterday(前天),justnow(剛才)，時(shí)間+ago,last+時(shí)間等;

eg:

Theplanetookofftenminutesago.

Wefinishedourtasklastweek.主菜單上一頁(yè)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)主菜單動(dòng)詞填空：

1._____you________(clean)theroom?Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.When_______you______(do)it?We_______(do)itanhourago.2.______he______(see)thisfilmyet?Yes.When_____he_____(see)it?He______itlastweek.3.Howmanytimes_____you______(be)there?

HavecleanedhavedonediddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單4.I__________(read)thenoveltwice.It’sinteresting.5.She_________(go)toPairs,hasn’tshe?Yes.How______she_______(go)there?She_______(go)therebyair.6.Sofar,manycountries_______________(develop)theirsoftwareprograms.7.MrChen______(give)upsmokinglastyear.8.MrChen__________(give)upsmokingsincelastyear.havereadhasgonedidgowenthavedevelopedgavehasgiven下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單選用for和since填空:1.Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty______10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead______severalyears.6.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttime.forsinceforsinceforsince下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單用Havebeento,havegoneto,

havebeenin填空Mikeandhisparents__________thenorthforhalfayear.Mumisnotathomenow.she_________theshop.______youever_____tokunming?Never.Where_____you______thesedays?HasJimarrivedyet?Yes,he_______hereforseveraldays.WhereisPeter?Idon’tknowwherehe________.HiJim!Where_____you_____?LiLeiislookingforyou.havebeeninhasgonetohavebeenHavebeenhasbeenhasgonehavebeen下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單改錯(cuò)1.HowlonghaveyoubeguntostudyEnglish?2.Ihaveborrowedthisbookfortwoweeks.3.TheriverhasbecomeverydirtysincelastAugust.4.Ourmanagerisawaytoday.HehasbeentoGuangzhouonbusiness.5.Hehasgoneoutfortwoyears.studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一頁(yè)上一頁(yè)主菜單改寫句子1.Myfathercamebackfromthebookshopjustnow.Myfather______just______________thebookshop.2.HebegantolearnChinesein2001.He____________Chinesesince2001.3.Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilm_________________sincetwominutesago.4.Hehashadthemotorbikefortwoyears.It’stwoyears______he________themotorbike.He________themotorbiketwoyears______.Twoyears____________sincehe______themotorbike.hasreturnedfromhaslearnedhasbeenon

sinceboughtboughtagohaspassedboughtThehouseisdirty.We_______itforweeks.

Adidn’tcleanBhadn’tcleanedCdon’tcleanDhaven’tcleaned

2.---____thesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.

---Yes,italldependsontheweather.

AI’vebeentoldBI’vetoldCI’mtoldDItold

3.----I’msorrytokeepyouwaiting.

----Oh,notatall.I_____hereonlyafewminutes.

AhavebeenBhadbeenCwasDwillbe

4.Youdon’tneedtodescribeher.I_______herseveraltimes.

A.hadmetBhavemetCmetDmeet

5.-----WillyougotoBeijingforvacation?

-----I_______togo,butIdon’tknowifIcango.

AwasplanningBhaveplannedChadbeenplanningDhavebeenplanning

6.--Whenwilltheyleave?

---They______verysoon.

AdoleaveBareleavingChaveleftDleave

7--Washestudyingforanexam?

--Yes,he's____itlastweek.

AdoingBtotakeCmakingDtogive

8.Theteachertoldthepupilsthattheearth____round.AisBwouldCwasDwere

9.She_______suchaninterestingbookbefore.

AwasneverreadingBwillneverreadChadneverreadDhasneverread

10.Howlongdoyouthinkthemeeting______

AislastingBislastedCwilllastDlasts

、翻譯下列句子：

1.你曾經(jīng)吃過魚和薯?xiàng)l嗎？

2.我剛剛丟了我的語文書。

3.我以前從來沒去過那個(gè)公園。

4.他已經(jīng)吃過午飯了。

5.你已經(jīng)看過這部電影了嗎？

6.我哥哥還沒回來。

7.我自從上星期看過這部電影。

8.自從1992年他住在這里。

9.這本字典我已買了三年了。

10.他離開中國(guó)三年了1.Haveyoueattenfishandfrenchfrise?

2.IhavelostmyChinesebook.

3Ihaveneverbeentothatpark.

4.Hehasalreadyhadlunch.

5Haveyouseenthismovieyet?6Mybrotherhasnotreturned.

7Ihaveseenthismoviesincelastweek.

8Hehaslivedheresince1992.

9Ihavehadthisdictionaryforthreeyears.

10HehasbeenawayChinaforthreeyears.

1.A:Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?B:No,thanks._______________________(just/drinksometea)2.A:Iheardyoulostyourkey.__________________?(find)B:No,notyet.3.A:DoyouknowwhenTomisleaving?B:___________________.(already/leave)4a.Usethewordsinbracketstocompletetheconversations.I’vejustdrunksometeaHaveyoufounditHehasalreadyleftA:When_________________?(leave)B:Thismorning.4.A:Isyoursistergoingtothemovieswithustonight?B:No._________________________.(already/seethefilm)5.A:Whatdoyourparentsthinkaboutourplan?B:I ____________________.(not/tellthem/yet)didheleaveShehasalreadyseenthefilmhavenottoldthemyetSally _______(love)reading.Inthemorning,shereadsthenewspaperandintheeveningshereadsbooks.She_____already ______(read)morethan100differentbooks!Herfavoritekindofbooksissciencefiction.Sheisinterestedinscienceandtechnologyandlovestoimagine4b.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformsofthewordsinbrackets.loveshasreadwhattheworld _______(be)likein50years.She__________(finish)readingabookaboutrobotslastweekand_____________ (write)abookreportaboutitnextweekforherFrenchclass.Everytimesheisinthelibrary,Sallylooksatthemanybooksshe_____________(notread)yetandshecan’twaittoreadthem!willbefinishedwillwritehasnotread4c.Completethechartwithinformationaboutyouandafriend.A:Whatbookshaveyoualreadyread?B:I’vealreadyreadTomSawyerandHarryPotter.A:Whatdoyouthinkofthem?B:Well,IthinkHarryPotterwasexciting,butTomSawyerwasabitboring.YouYourfriendCommentsBooksIhavealreadyreadMoviesIhavealreadyseenSongsIhavealreadyheardPairWork1.I________heardofthatstorybefore.A.don’thaveB.nothaveC.havenotD.nottohave2.She’sneverbeentothatfactory,_________?A.issheB.wassheC.doessheD.hasshe3.Haveyoumadedumplings__________?No,Ihaven’t.A.justnowB.yesterdayC.agoD.before4.Tom________illsincelastnight.A.wasB.isC.hasbeenD.be5.Howlonghaveyou_________Nanjing?A.gonetoB.beentoC.beeninD.wenttoCDDCCExercise6.HowmanytimeshasJim_______thatpark?Twice.A.gonetoB.beentoC.beeninD.wentto7.I’ve______thisdictionaryforhalfayear.A.boughtB