江蘇省南京市2020年中考英語試題（原卷版）

中小學(xué)教學(xué)參考資料教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)教育論文隨堂檢測(cè)南京市2020年初中學(xué)業(yè)水平考試英語注意事項(xiàng)：1.本試卷共8頁。全卷滿分90分。考試時(shí)間為90分鐘。試題包含選擇題和非選擇題。考生答題全部答在答題卡上，答在本試卷上無效。2.請(qǐng)認(rèn)真核對(duì)監(jiān)考教師在答題卡上所粘貼條形碼的姓名、考試證號(hào)是否與本人相符合，再將自己的姓名、考試證號(hào)用0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆填寫在答題卡及本試卷上。3.答選擇題必須用2B鉛筆將答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，請(qǐng)用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案。答非選擇題必須用0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆寫在答題卡的指定位置，在其他位置答題一律無效。選擇題一、單項(xiàng)填空請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列各題，從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。1.WestillknowlittleabouttheMoon________menhavelandedonit.A.if B.since C.although D.because2.China’seffortstostopthespreadofCOVID-19will________theworld’sabilitytolimittheharminthenearfuture.A.imagine B.invent C.insist D.improve3.Sorry,youcan’ttakethedictionaryaway,Vicky.I________it.A.used B.amusing C.haveused D.wasusing4.Jennyjustwondered________Angelaalreadyknewabouttheevent.A.howsoon B.howmany C.howoften D.howmuch5.Bythetimeshewaseight,Linda________readEnglishandFrench.A.could B.must C.need D.may6.WhenHenryfirstcametoNanjingin2010，itwasall________tohim,buthesoonlearnthiswayaround.A.smooth B.slight C.strange D.successful7.Whataterribleexperience!________,luckyus,wearesafenow.A.Anyway B.Otherwise C.Forexample D.Asaresult8.ThepostersaysBasketballComputerGame________.FORSALEBasketballComputerGame2—4playersBoughtlastmonthPlayedonce—worksperfectlyPhoneJack:3665444A.isdesignedbyJack B.isonlysuitableforyoungerplayersC.isalmostnewandingoodcondition D.doesnotworkontheseller’scomputer9.NanjingZijinshanInsectMuseum,whichwillbeopentothepublicsoon,wasformedatthefootofZhongshan________April2nd.A.in B.on C.at D.from10.Howdelicious!Didthestudentsmakethefruitsaladallby________?A.they B.them C.their D.themselves11.—WhichbicycleshouldIchoose,sir?—It________whatyouwanttouseitfor.A.takeson B.carrieson C.putson D.dependson12.NowwastefromdailylifeinthecityofShanghai________tobeseparatedintofourdifferentgroups.A.isrequiring B.isrequired C.wasrequired D.required13.Mariaisalwaysfullof________becauseshetakesexerciseeveryday.A.energy B.talent C.humour D.wealth14.ManyChinesecharacterssymbolisetheirmeanings,unlikeEnglishwordswhicharespeltoutaccordingtohowtheysound.Theunderlinedword“symbolise”inthesentenceisa(n)________.A.noun B.verb C.adjective D.adverb15.—Itwasafantastictrip.So,whichcitydidyoulikebest,Wuhan,ChengduorChongqing?—________.Thereweregoodthingsandbadthingsaboutthem.A.Noproblem B.ItishardtosayC.Enjoyyourself D.Youmustbejoking二、完形填空請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Accordingtoseveralrecentsurveys,somepeoplefearpublicspeakingmorethananythingelse.___16___,thisfearcanbeovercome(克服)withtwosimplemethods:practiceandusingpositive(正面的)energyfromtheaudience.Practicingforaspeechisessential.___17___thetaskofwritingthespeechiscomplete,speakersmustpractice,practice,practice.Themoretimestheypracticethespeech,themore___18___theyarediscussingthetopic.Using___19___suchasmirrorsorvideorecordingsastheypracticecanshowspeakerswhattheylookandsoundliketotheaudience.Videoisparticularlyhelpfulasitcanbe___20___manytimes,withthepresentersfocusing(集中)ononepartatatime.Another___21___ofdealingwithpublicspeakingfearsisusingtheaudience’spositiveenergy.Speakersneedtorememberthattheaudiencewantsthemto____22____.Somethingasbasicasasmallnodorasmilefromamemberoftheaudienceshouldgive___23___tothepresentersbehindthepodium.Whileitiseasyfornervousspeakerstofocusonlyongettingthroughthepresentation,usingtheaudience's___24___will(意愿)helpsmuchinmakingaspeechbetter.Allinall,thesetwostrategiesaresuretohelpwithfearofpublicspeaking.Withproperpracticeandaudienceempathy(共鳴),itis____25____toovercomethefearofpublicspeakinganddeliverasuccessfulspeech.Sothereisnoneedtofearpublicspeakinganymore.16.A.Luckily B.Suddenly C.Sadly D.Terribly17A.Unless B.After C.Until D.Before18.A.nervous B.scared C.comfortable D.difficult19.A.objects B.activities C.signs D.instructions20.A.found B.sold C.cleared D.watched21.A.cause B.problem C.way D.purpose22.A.surprise B.scream C.suppose D.succeed23.A.confidence B.challenge C.humour D.service24.A.poor B.good C.weak D.free25.A.necessary B.important C.interesting D.possible三、閱讀理解請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列材料，從材料后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ATheWallaWallaWallabyFoundationWelcometotheWallaWallaWallabyFoundationofAmerica,Washingtonchapter.Hereyouwillfindnews,photos,andotherresourcesaboutthewallaby.Inaddition,oursite’sunique(獨(dú)特的)featuresformembersincludeprofilepages,discussionforums(論壇),andothercontents.Wearetheworld'sbestwallabysupportgroup.Forover20years,theWallaWallaWallabyFoundationhasservedtheWallaWallacommunitythrougheducationandoutreachonbehalfofthewallaby.SearchMemberLoginDiscussionForumsMemberProfilesDonateContactUs26.TheWallaWallaWallabyFoundationissetupto________.A.sellthewallaby’sfood B.supportthewallabyC.takephotosofthewallaby D.providenewsaboutthewallaby27.IfyouwanttogivemoneytosupportWWWF,youcanclickontheicon“________”.A.AboutWWWF B.Donate C.DiscussionForums D.EducationalResources28.Thereadingmaterialaboveis________.A.adiary B.astory C.aquestionnaire D.awebpageBTeaistastyandgoodforyou.Itisalsooneofthemostpopulardrinksaroundtheworld.Butwhatistea?Andwhyisitsopopular?Allteacomesfromtealeavesbutteaisnotalwaysthesame.Therearemanykindsoftea.Youcandrinkblacktea,greentea,whiteteaorfruittea.Eachtypeofteahasadifferenttasteandadifferentcolour.ThehistoryofteabeginsinAsia.InChina,KoreaandJapan,teaisstillveryimportanttoday.InJapan,itcantakemanyhourstoprepareanddrinkteawithyourguests.InMalaysia,apopulardrinkatbreakfastistehtarik(‘pulledtea’).Malaysianssayitisgoodforyouandtastesgoodwithcanaibread.TouristsinKualaLumpurlikewatchingtheteasellersmake‘pulledtea’.Theteasellerspourhotwateronblacktea.Afterfiveminutes,theyaddsugarandmilk.Thenthey‘pull’thetea—theypourtheteafromonecuptoanothermanytimes.Inmanycountries,youmusthaveaspecialkettletomaketea.Peopleindifferentcountriesalsoliketoadddifferentthingstotheirtea.Forexample,Russiansuseaspecialkettlecalledasamovar.Theylikedrinkingteawithlemon.Sometimes,theyalsodrinkteawithsomesugarorjam.InTurkey,teacomesinaCaydanlik.ACaydanlikhastwokettles:oneforthewaterandoneforthetea.DrinkTurkishteawithsomesugar.Arabtea,calledkarak,hascardamom,ginger,milkandsugar.IntheUnitedKingdom,theyaddsomemilkandsugar.TheBritishusuallyeatbiscuitswiththeirtea.InJapan,theylike...29.Tea,adrinkwithalonghistory,firstappearedin________.A.Europe B.America C.Asia D.Africa30.Thewriterusesthepunctuationmark“…”attheendofthepassageto________.A.expresshisuncertainlyofthesubject B.showhisspecialtasteinJapaneseteaC.attractreaders’interestinfurtherreading D.hidehislimitedknowledgeinthisfield31.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheHistoryofTea B.DifferentTeaKettlesC.TheMostPopularDrink D.TheWorldinaTeacupCLIFEisAWKWARD.Whatshouldyoudowhenyourparentsareembarrassing(使尷尬)youinfrontofyourfriends?Orwhatifyouseewhatlookslikeaclassmatestealingsomeoneelse’sheadphones?InoursocialQ’scolumn(專欄),theteenagerHarperEdigerandtheadultPhilipGlancesgivetheirbestadvicetokidslookingforhelpnavigatingreal-lifesituations.Nowit’syourturn:Doyouhaveaquestionaboutanuncomfortablesocialsituationatschool,athome,onsocialmediaoramongfriends?EmailittousatKjdsqs@andHarperandPhilipmayansweritinafutureissue.Pleaseincludeyourageandhometown.C’mon,weknowyouhaveone.Toinspire(激勵(lì))you,herearereader-submittedquestionswe’vepublishedinpreviousissues:MymomsignsmeupforcampsandactivitieswithoutaskingwhatIwanttodo.IonlylearnwhatI’mdoingatthelastminute.Idon’tlikethatit’sasurprise,andIfeelthatIshouldbeabletohelpplanmytime.HowcanIhavemoreofasay?Atmyschool,fourthgradersneedtolearndifferentdances,thendressupforafancypartywhereweaskpartnerstodancewithus.Thismakesmenervous,andI’mnotlookingforwardtoit.HowshouldIhandlethissituation?Mysisterishomeforcollegebreak,andluckyme,she’smyroommate.AsI’m12andshe’salmost19,webothwantourownspace.Iknowshedoesn’tmeanitpersonally,butshealwayscomplainsthatshedoesn’thaveahome,whichmakesmefeelasifI’mintrudinginmyownroom.DoItellherhowIfeelorletitgo?32.WhatshouldbeincludedinyouremailtothesocialQ’scolumn?A.Name,ageandsocialmedia. B.Age,schoolandhometown.C.Age,hometownandquestions. D.Name,schoolandquestions.33.Theunderlinedword“say”inthepassagemeans________.A.theabilitytoplantime B.thechancetosetupcampsC.therighttomakedecisions D.theplantoenjoyactivities34.Thewriterusessomepublishedreader-submittedquestionsinorderto________.A.showkidswaysofsolvingproblems B.givekidsexamplesofwhattowriteaboutC.shareHarperandPhilip’sadvicewithkids D.offerkidsachancetocomplainabouttheirlives35.ThesocialQ’scolumnisdesignedto________.A.helpkidsdealwiththeirtroubles B.trainkidstowriteC.havekidsintroducethemselves D.advisekidstobehavewellDMe:Hello,TelevisionViewers!IamAzizaBellamy,andthanksforwatching.Iwanttoespeciallythankyou,Ms.Bertha,foragreeingtothisinterviewonlivetelevision.It’sapleasuretomeetyou,thefirst-knowntrans-galacticvisitortoEarth.Now,IunderstandthatyouarefromaplanetcalledZadernol?Bertha:JustcallmeMissBerthaorBertha,please,butnot“Ms.”Me:Okay,sorryaboutthat.So,you’vebeenonEarthforaboutaweeknow.Whathavebeenyourbiggestdisappointmentsorchallengessofar?Bertha:It’snottheworstplanetI’veeverbeento.Mercurywasmuchworse.Thealiens—oops,Imeanhumans,havebeenunkind,overall.ThefamilyI’mstayingwith,forexample,wereniceatfirst.ButnowtheyrolltheireyeswheneverIopenmymouthtosayanything.They’renotinterestedinanyofmystories.AndIthinktheymaybetryingtoavoidme.Worstofall,theymakemewashmyowndishesandbathemyself.They’resorude.Me:Ohum...wow.That’sjust...Bertha:IamusedtohavinghighstandardswhenIchoosewheretostay,bytheway.Ihavestayedwithroyaltyandpresidentsonotherplanets.Andtheyalladored(崇拜)meandbeggedmenottoleave.ButIgavethishumanfamilyachancetohostme.Imean,really,theyshouldbegratefulthatIselectedthem,ofallthepeopleonEarth,towashmyclothesandcookmymealsandentertain(款待)me.Me:Wellwhatyou’resayingissurprising,Bertha.Doyouthinkit’spossiblethatthisfamilyjustwantsyoutopitchinalittle,tobeagoodguest?Bertha:It’soddtomethatyou’renotagreeingwithme.Ifyouweresmarter,you’dagreewithme.That’sanotherthing.EveryoneonZadernolissmarterthanthesmartestpersononEarth.Earthisbelowme.Me:Youknowwhat.Bertha?I’mstartingtoseewhyyou’resounhappyhereonEarth.You’rejustaboastful(自夸的),spoiledalien.36.Whoishostingtheinterview?A.AzizaBellamy. B.Bertha. C.Atrans-galacticvisitor. D.Apresident.37Whichofthefollowingsentencesfromthepassageisanopinion?A.Well,whatyou’resayingissurprising,Bertha.B.So,you’vebeenonEarthforaboutaweeknow.C.Ihavestayedwithroyaltyandpresidentsonotherplanets.D.ButnowtheyrolltheireyeswheneverIopenmymouthtosayanything.38.Fromthepassage,weknowthatAzizais________.A.proudofBertha B.interestedinZademolC.dissatisfiedwithBertha D.scaredofBertha’swords39.WhatmightAzizawriteinhisdiaryabouttheinterview?A.TalkingtoBerthawasgreatfun.InowknowmuchaboutZademol.B.WeshouldtrytoimproveourearthasBerthashometownismuchbetter.C.Theinterviewwasinteresting.ButIdislikethefamilyBerthaisstayingwith.D.Itwasanunusualinterview,andanunexpectedexperienceaswell.40.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.A.beingboastfulwillwinusfewfriends B.therearemanygoodreasonstobeboastfulC.peoplewhoboastalotarebetterthanothers D.boastingalotisagoodwaytogetpeopletolikeus非選擇題四、填空A）請(qǐng)根據(jù)括號(hào)中所給的漢語寫出單詞，使句子意思完整正確，并將答案填寫在答題卡標(biāo)號(hào)相應(yīng)橫線上。41.Thisisthe________(第三)timethatIhavebeeninNanjing.42.Tomkeptcallingmeforyears,________(甚至)afterhegraduated.43.Whydon’tyou________(邀請(qǐng))Jerrytoplaysportsintheplaygroundtomorrowmorning?44.Whatyoulearnatschoolplaysaveryimportantpartinshapingyourbehaviourin________(社會(huì)).45.IfyougotoBeijing,makesureyouvisitChinaScienceandTechnologyMuseum.It’smyfavouritemuseuminthe________(整個(gè)的)country.B）請(qǐng)根據(jù)句子意思，用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡標(biāo)號(hào)相應(yīng)橫線上。46.It’spopular________(hire)aboatandrowontheXuanwuLake.47.Thenoisemadesleep_________(possible),soIgotupandreadabook.48.TheSiberiantiger,knownastheNortheastTigerinChina,is________(large)tigerofall.49.BeijingOperabringstolifemanyancient________(story)thathelpshapeChineseculture.50.Chinahas________(rapid)becomeaworldleaderinhighspeedrail.Journeysthattookdaysnowtakehours.C）請(qǐng)根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容，從下列方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語填空，使對(duì)話內(nèi)容完整正確，并將答案填寫在答題卡相應(yīng)橫線上。sellnextmonthmusicalabilityraisemoneyHowaboutJohn:Wherehaveyoubeen?Youmissedtheannouncementaboutthemusicfestival.Frank:Iwasattheteacher’soffice.Musicfestival?John:Yes,it’sgoingtobe___51___intheschoolhall.Frank,youcanplaytheviolin.___52___playingitatthefestival？Frank:Well,I’dratherplaythepiano.IcanplayMojito.Whataboutyou,John?John:Actually,Idon’thavemuch___53___.I’dpreferjusttodosomevoluntarywork.Ican___54___tickets.Frank:SocanIguessthattheaimofthefestivalisto___55___?John:Yes.Allofthemoneywillgotocharity.Frank:Well,ifit’sforagoodcause,everyoneshouldtakepart!五、閱讀填空A）請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中各小題的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個(gè)空格只填1個(gè)單詞。請(qǐng)將答案填寫在相應(yīng)橫線上。Carspoweredbygasolineweresoldformanyyearsbeforehybridvehiclesthatusegasoline,electricity,andsolarenergy,Carcompaniesarenowmakingcarsthatarefullypoweredbyelectricityonly.Howdotheseelectriccarsmeasureupto(符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn))traditionalgasolinecars?Electricandgasolinevehicleslooksimilarontheoutside.Theyhaveverydifferentpartsundertheirhoods.though.Electriccarshaveonemainmovingpart:themotor.Butgascarsliterallyhavehundredsofparts,oftenrequiringfrequentmaintenance(保養(yǎng)).Havingfewerpartsmakestheelectriccarcheapertomaintainandlesslikelytohavemechanicalproblems.Electricvehiclesareenergyefficient,alsomakingthemcheapertooperate.Itcostsabout$1.00totravel43milesinanelectriccar,whichisaclearcontrasttoagascar,whichcostsabout$1.25togo18miles.Basically,anelectriccarcangotwiceasfarasagascarforthesameprice.Electricvehiclesdonothavetailpipeemissions,makingthemmorefriendlytotheenvironment,too.Whilesomedetailsmakeelectriccarsseemattractive,otherdetailsaren’tasfavorable.Forexample,someelectriccarscantravelonly60to120milesonafullcharge(充電).Mostgascarscandrivehundredsofmilesonafulltank.Anelectriccarhastostopmoreoftentogetrecharged.Therefore,agascarwouldbeabetteroption(選擇)ifyouhavefartodrive.Andelectriccarsaren’tasconvenient(方便的)topowerupasgascarsare.Thereareplentyofgasstations,butnotmanychargingstationsforelectriccars.Then,onceanelectriccarreachesachargingstation,itcantakeuptosixhourstocharge.Therearecertainlybenefitstobothelectriccarsandgasolinecars.It’sgoodtoknowthatthereisanoption.ElectriccarsvsGasolinecarsIntroductionWiththeappearanceofelectriccars,peoplewonderwhetherelectriccarscanachievethe____56____standardsasgasolinecars.SimilarityElectriccarsandgasolinecarslooksimilarontheoutside.____57____Electriccars●Havingfewerpartsreducesthe____58____oftheirmaintenanceandthe____59____ofhavingmechanicalproblems.●____60____withgasolinecarselectriccarsaremoreenergy-saving,makingthemcheapertooperate.●Havingnotailpipeemissions,theyaremoreenvironmentally____61____.●It____62____moretimeforelectriccarstogetcharged.Gasolinecars●Gascarscancovera____63____distanceonafulltankthanelectriccarsonafullcharge．●Gascarsaremore____64____topowerup.ConclusionBothelectriccarsandgasolinecarshavetheirownbenefits,whichprovidespeoplewitha_____65_____.B）請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，填寫所缺單詞，并將答案填寫在答題卡相應(yīng)位置上。DoyouhavedifficultylearningEnglishwords?Well,k___66___avocabularynotebookforlearningnewEnglishwordsisnotdifficult.Herearesomeeasysteps.First,buyanotebookw___67___atleast100linedpages.Youshouldselectthecolorandsizenotebookthatyouprefer.S____68____,writedownanyimportantwordsthatyoucomeacrosswhenreadingorlistening.Thisstepr___69___youtodecidewhetherawordisimportantenoughforyoutolearnnow.Donotassume(認(rèn)為)thatyouwilllearnthewordl___70___.Thenextstepisabitdifficultbecauseyouneedtodecidew____71____informationabouteachwordyouwillwriteinthenotebook.Somelearnerswriteonlyat___72___oftheword.Otherswriteanexamplephraseusingtheword.I___73___informationthatmatchesyourlearningstyleandyourneeds.Finally,themostimportantthingyoucandotolearnthewordsinyournotebookistop___74___thesewordsseveraltimes.Ifthepagesofyournotebookarewellorganized,youaremorelikelytoreviewthewordsandtheirinformationoverandover.Ifyouf___75___theseimportantsteps,youcanimproveyourEnglishgreatly.Comeandhaveatry!六、書面表達(dá)76.假如你是李華，在學(xué)校英文?？疜IDSMAG上看到招募夏令營(yíng)營(yíng)員的信息。請(qǐng)根據(jù)招募內(nèi)容，用英語給?？瘜懸环庑?。FUNLANDHi!Thissummerholidaywewillhavedifferentcampsforkids.Herearethreepopularones.Joinus!Makeachoiceandexplainwhyyouchooseit.ReadingCamp●Chineseliterature●Westernliterature●…CultureCamp●Westernmusic●Chineseart●…SportsCamp●Ballgames●Watersports●…Comeandhavefun!注意：1.內(nèi)容涵蓋所有要點(diǎn)（理由不得少于兩點(diǎn)），可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮。2.詞數(shù)80左右（已給出的文章開頭，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)）。3.文中不得提及有關(guān)考生個(gè)人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等.DearSirorMadam,Thanksforofferingussuchwonderfulcamps.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2020年北京市高級(jí)中等學(xué)校招生考試語文試卷考生須知：1.本試卷共12頁，共五道大題，24道小題，滿分100分。考試時(shí)間150分鐘。2.在試卷和草稿紙上準(zhǔn)確填寫姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)和座位號(hào)。3.試題答案一律填涂或書寫在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。4.在答題卡上，選擇題用2B鉛筆作答，其他試題用黑色字跡簽字筆作答。5.考試結(jié)束，將本試卷、答題卡和草稿紙一并交回。一、基礎(chǔ)·運(yùn)用（共14分）2020年“中國(guó)水周”的主題是“堅(jiān)持節(jié)水優(yōu)先，建設(shè)幸福河湖”。學(xué)校組織同學(xué)們參與“中國(guó)水周”的宣傳，準(zhǔn)備舉辦“京華水韻”展覽。請(qǐng)你完成下列任務(wù)。1.同學(xué)們準(zhǔn)備從書法作品中搜集單字組成展板標(biāo)題，對(duì)于“水”字的選擇產(chǎn)生了爭(zhēng)議。請(qǐng)你依據(jù)“字體一致，和諧美觀”的原則，選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)。（）A. B. C. D.2.一位同學(xué)負(fù)責(zé)擬寫并講解前言。請(qǐng)閱讀這段文字，完成各題?！按汉淙账纤{(lán)，天影樓臺(tái)上下涵。十里青山行畫里，雙飛白烏似江南。”明代書畫家文徵明曾在詩中生動(dòng)地描繪了北京的湖光山色【甲】據(jù)考證，古都北京既有海淀、南海子等眾多水泊濕地，也有無數(shù)水井和泉池；既有寬闊繁忙的運(yùn)河水道，也有難以計(jì)數(shù)的古橋閘口。你也許會(huì)想北京是否有過這般“似江南”的水鄉(xiāng)澤國(guó)之景【乙】讓我們開啟一段時(shí)光之旅，尋訪京城水脈，感受京華水韻。（1）這位同學(xué)對(duì)文段中兩個(gè)加點(diǎn)字的意思和讀音，以及【甲】【乙】?jī)商幍臉?biāo)點(diǎn)產(chǎn)生了疑問。請(qǐng)你幫他選出判斷正確的一項(xiàng)。（）A.“行”在詩中是“流通”的意思，應(yīng)讀xíng。B.“泊”在此處是“湖”的意思，應(yīng)讀bó。C.【甲】處應(yīng)填入句號(hào)，表示陳述語氣D.【乙】處應(yīng)填入問號(hào)，表示疑問語氣。（2）為了向參觀者講解“澤國(guó)”的意思，這位同學(xué)查閱字典，找到“國(guó)”字的三個(gè)解釋：①國(guó)家：②國(guó)都，京城：③地域。請(qǐng)你幫他解釋“澤國(guó)”在此處的意思。3.展覽內(nèi)容分三個(gè)單元，同學(xué)們?yōu)檫@三個(gè)單元分別擬寫了標(biāo)題和引言。閱讀文段，完成各題。第一單元①，碧水潤(rùn)京城古永定河的沖積與改道，為北京提供了肥沃的土地，留下了大量湖沼和豐富的地下水。戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期，薊運(yùn)河水系就已開通水路運(yùn)輸。元明清三朝，京杭大運(yùn)河成為連接南北經(jīng)濟(jì)、保障京城物資輸送的交通大動(dòng)脈。今天，潮白河水系承擔(dān)著為北京輸送生產(chǎn)生活用水的重任，是首都的生命線。在北京3000多年的建城史、800多年的建都史上，這些水系發(fā)揮了重要作用，滋養(yǎng)了古老的幽燕大地。第二單元②，生態(tài)治河湖北京是一座人口超兩千萬的特大型城市。為保障城市供水，管理者著力建構(gòu)多水源保障體系，并努力建設(shè)節(jié)水型社會(huì)。如今，南水北調(diào)工程已使上千萬人直接受益，北京也連續(xù)十七年保持“全國(guó)節(jié)水型城市”稱號(hào)。要保障水資源，也要改善水環(huán)境。用生態(tài)的辦法治理生態(tài)問題，讓許多河湖告別了“亞健康”，水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)生物多樣性明顯提高。北京有信心打好這場(chǎng)碧水保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)，交出一份出色的答卷。第三單元人水相親，古都添畫意①生態(tài)補(bǔ)水后的永定河重新煥發(fā)青春，綠頭鴨、白天鵝逐水而來，給京城增添了勃勃生機(jī)。②經(jīng)過治理的大運(yùn)河碧波蕩漾，人們可以觀賞白鷺在河面翩翩起舞，體會(huì)與自然和諧相處的美好。③遁入地下多年的轉(zhuǎn)河“重見天日”，河水清淺，弱柳扶風(fēng)，像一幅恢宏壯麗的畫卷，讓人們感到別樣的清新。④曾經(jīng)被填埋地下近半個(gè)世紀(jì)的玉河，如今穿街走巷，波光粼粼，宛如鬧市中的一條玉帶，成為人們休憩的好去處。（1）同學(xué)們就第一單元和第二單元標(biāo)題的擬定展開討論，你認(rèn)為下列選填詞語最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是（）A.①源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)②開源節(jié)流B.①源源不斷②開源節(jié)流C.①源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)②細(xì)水長(zhǎng)流D.①源源不斷②細(xì)水長(zhǎng)流（2）第三單元引言的四個(gè)句子都運(yùn)用了修辭方法，你認(rèn)為其中修辭方法運(yùn)用不恰當(dāng)?shù)囊痪涫牵ǎ〢.第①句B.第②句C.第③句D.第④句4.下面這段文字是為展覽擬寫的結(jié)語。根據(jù)語境，畫線的句子表達(dá)欠妥，請(qǐng)你幫助修改。①“堅(jiān)持節(jié)水優(yōu)先，建設(shè)幸福河湖”，是2020年“中國(guó)水周”的主題，也是北京治水工作的重要內(nèi)容。②堅(jiān)持節(jié)水優(yōu)先，并非簡(jiǎn)單地限制用水，而是合理用水，高效用水。③治理河湖，也并非單純地治污補(bǔ)水，還包括用生態(tài)的方法解決生態(tài)問題，讓河湖成為人們的幸福源泉。④建設(shè)幸福河湖，滿足百姓美好生活愿景；節(jié)約用水，助力首都水資源保障。⑤請(qǐng)和我們一起節(jié)約用水，共繪幸福河湖畫卷，讓首都北京水韻綿長(zhǎng)。5.通過籌辦“京華水韻”展覽，同學(xué)們對(duì)2020年“中國(guó)水周”的主題“堅(jiān)持節(jié)水優(yōu)先，建設(shè)幸福河湖”有了真切的感受。請(qǐng)用“雖然……但是……”的句式，寫出你的感受?！敬鸢浮?.B2.（1）C（2）澤國(guó)：多水的地域3.（1）A（2）C4.節(jié)約用水，助力首都水資源保障：建設(shè)幸福河湖，滿足百姓美好生活愿景。5.示例1：堅(jiān)持節(jié)水優(yōu)先雖然可能會(huì)帶來暫時(shí)的不便，但是從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來看，建設(shè)幸福河湖更有利于可持續(xù)發(fā)展。示例2：雖然治理水環(huán)境仍然任重而道遠(yuǎn)，但是我相信通過大家的努力，碧水清韻的北京，一定會(huì)重現(xiàn)?！窘馕觥俊?題詳解】本題考查書法字體。書法字體，傳統(tǒng)講共有行書字體、草書字體、隸書字體、篆書字體和楷書字體五種。書法作品中的“京、華、韻”三個(gè)字，橫平豎直，規(guī)矩整齊，是楷體。這四個(gè)“水”分別是A.蠶頭雁尾應(yīng)為隸書、B.楷書、C.行書、D.草書。故本題選B?！?題詳解】（1）本題考查字詞讀音、釋義，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的用法。A.“十里青山行畫里”意思是在十里青山中，像在畫中行走一樣，“行”是“行走”的意思，解釋不正確，排除；B.“水泊濕地”中，“泊”是“湖”的意思，應(yīng)讀pō，讀音不正確，排除；C.“明代書畫家文徵明曾在詩中生動(dòng)地描繪了北京的湖光山色”是陳述句，與前面的描寫是一個(gè)完整的句子，此處結(jié)束，故【甲】處應(yīng)填的是句號(hào)，正確；D.“你也許會(huì)想北京是否有過這般‘似江南’的水鄉(xiāng)澤國(guó)之景”，這是一句陳述句，因此句末【乙】處還是使用句號(hào)。選項(xiàng)不正確；故本題選C。（2）本題考查字詞釋義。水鄉(xiāng)澤國(guó)：這是一個(gè)并列式詞語，意思是大小湖泊、河川、渠道，密如蛛網(wǎng)的地域。再根據(jù)前文“水井泉池、運(yùn)河水道、古橋閘口”可以判斷，這里的“國(guó)”的含義不在于國(guó)家（僅指北京地區(qū)），也不在于強(qiáng)調(diào)“首都”，而是指“多水的地域”因此，“國(guó)”的義項(xiàng)應(yīng)為③地域。澤國(guó)：多水的地域?！?題詳解】（1）本題考查標(biāo)題的擬定。源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)：源頭很遠(yuǎn)，水流很長(zhǎng)，比喻歷史悠久，根底深厚。從第一單元“戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期，薊運(yùn)河水系就已開通水路運(yùn)輸”“元明清三朝”“在北京3000多年的建城史、800多年的建都史上”等句子中，可以看出，水的歷史悠久，因此①處選“源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)”符合內(nèi)容所寫；開源節(jié)流：開發(fā)水源，節(jié)制水流。比喻增加收入，節(jié)省開支。從第二單元“構(gòu)建多重保障體系，努力建設(shè)節(jié)水社會(huì)”可以看出，節(jié)約用水是這單元前半部分的主要內(nèi)容，因此②處應(yīng)填“開源節(jié)流”；故本題選A。

源源不斷：形容接連不斷、連綿不絕。多用于事物，不用于人。細(xì)水長(zhǎng)流：“細(xì)水長(zhǎng)流”比喻節(jié)約使用財(cái)物，使經(jīng)常不缺用。也比喻一點(diǎn)一滴不斷地做某件事，精細(xì)安排，長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)打算。在此處只對(duì)應(yīng)材料中“節(jié)約”，略微片面。（2）本題考查修辭方法的辨析。③句中描寫遁入地下多年的轉(zhuǎn)河，“河水清淺，弱柳扶風(fēng)”與后面的比喻“像一幅恢宏壯麗的畫卷”不搭，特點(diǎn)不一致。因此本題選C。【4題詳解】本題考查上下文的連貫性、一致性銜接。從本題第①句“堅(jiān)持節(jié)水優(yōu)先，建設(shè)幸福河湖”可知，節(jié)水應(yīng)該放在前面，幸福河湖放在后面，所以此句的順序要調(diào)整為：節(jié)約用水，助力首都水資源保障：建設(shè)幸福河湖，滿足百姓美好生活愿景?！?題詳解】本題考查例句仿寫。用“雖然……但是……”的句式，寫出感受。示例：雖然河水、湖水治理已經(jīng)初見成效，碧水藍(lán)天已經(jīng)隨處可見，但是任重而道遠(yuǎn)，水的治理仍然需要我們堅(jiān)持不懈地繼續(xù)努力。二、古詩文閱讀（共17分）（一）默寫。（共4分）6.（1）其必曰“___________，后天下之樂而樂”乎?。ǚ吨傺汀对狸枠怯洝罚?）___________，陰陽割昏曉。（杜甫《望岳》（3）座右銘是用來激勵(lì)、警醒自己的格言。如果用兩句古詩作為你的座右銘，你選用的詩句是“_______，______”。（本試卷中出現(xiàn)的詩句除外。每句詩中允許有一個(gè)不會(huì)寫的字用拼音替代）【答案】(1).先天下之憂而憂(2).造化鐘神秀(3).千錘萬鑿出深山(4).烈火焚燒若等閑【解析】【詳解】詩詞默寫要求：一、不能添字，不能少字；二、字的筆畫要準(zhǔn)確。注意：造化、千錘萬鑿、焚燒。選擇座右銘詩句時(shí)，符合“激勵(lì)、警醒自己的格言”這個(gè)要求都可，注意不能是試卷中出現(xiàn)過的詩句。（二）（共5分）閱讀《己亥雜詩（其五）》，完成下面小題。己亥雜詩（其五）龔自珍浩蕩離愁白日斜，吟鞭東指即天涯。落紅不是無情物，化作春泥更護(hù)花。7.近代學(xué)者王國(guó)維在《人間詞話》中說“一切景語皆情語”。這首詩的前兩句，詩人寫到了______的自然之景，抒發(fā)了______之情。8.孟浩然《春曉》中“夜來風(fēng)雨聲，花落知多少”，與本詩“落紅不是無情物，化作春泥更護(hù)花”都寫到了落花。請(qǐng)簡(jiǎn)要說明兩位詩人分別借“落花”表達(dá)了怎樣的情感?！敬鸢浮?.(1).白日西斜，廣闊天涯(2).離愁的無限感慨與豪放灑脫8.龔詩中“落花”本指脫離花枝的花，但是，并非沒有感情，而是即使化做春泥，也甘愿培育美麗的春花成長(zhǎng)，不為獨(dú)香，而為護(hù)花，表現(xiàn)詩人雖然脫離官場(chǎng)，依然關(guān)心著國(guó)家的命運(yùn)，不忘報(bào)國(guó)之志，以此來表達(dá)他至死仍牽掛國(guó)家的一腔熱情；充分表達(dá)詩人的壯懷。孟詩中“落花”則表達(dá)了詩人對(duì)春天落花的惋惜之情和春光流逝的淡淡哀愁?！窘馕觥俊?題詳解】本題考查詩詞中的意象。（1）首聯(lián)翻譯：浩浩蕩蕩的離別愁緒向著日落西斜的遠(yuǎn)處延伸，離開北京，馬鞭向東一揮，感覺就是人在天涯一般。這里抓住了“白日西斜”“天涯廣闊”的自然景象。（2）“浩蕩離愁白日斜”中“浩蕩離愁”直接點(diǎn)明了作者對(duì)離愁的無限感慨，“吟鞭東指即天涯”則通過“天涯”這個(gè)開闊的意象表現(xiàn)了豪放和灑脫?！?題詳解】本題考查詩歌主題。（1）龔自珍的詩。翻譯：我辭官歸鄉(xiāng)，有如從枝頭上掉下來的落花，但它卻不是無情之物，化成了春天的泥土，還能起著培育下一代的作用。這里采用了比喻的手法，作者自比為落花，落花從枝頭落下，化為肥料，滋養(yǎng)大地，為新花的成長(zhǎng)做貢獻(xiàn)。作者雖然離開朝廷，但是依然關(guān)心國(guó)家的前途和命運(yùn)，依然堅(jiān)持對(duì)理想的追求，表現(xiàn)了一片拳拳愛國(guó)之情。（2）孟浩然的詩。翻譯：春天睡醒不覺天已大亮，到處是鳥兒清脆的叫聲?；叵胱蛞沟年囮囷L(fēng)雨聲，吹落了多少芳香的春花。第一聯(lián)從聽覺角度描寫了鳥兒清脆的鳴叫，營(yíng)造了美好的、充滿生機(jī)的春天的氛圍，表達(dá)出對(duì)春天的喜愛之情，而第二聯(lián)則從視覺角度，運(yùn)用聯(lián)想，寫春花被吹落到地的景象。寫出了對(duì)春花凋零的憐惜，作者喜愛春天，可是春天的花被吹落了，這是否意味著春天的逝去，故表達(dá)了對(duì)春天落花的惋惜之情和春光流逝的淡淡哀愁。（三）（共8分）閱讀《曹劌論戰(zhàn)》，完成下面小題。曹劌論戰(zhàn)《左傳》十年春，齊師伐我。公將戰(zhàn)，曹劌請(qǐng)見。其鄉(xiāng)人曰：“肉食者謀之，又何間焉？”劌曰：“肉食者鄙，未能遠(yuǎn)謀?！蹦巳胍?。問：“何以戰(zhàn)？”公曰：“衣食所安，弗敢專也，必以分人。”對(duì)曰：“小惠未遍，民弗從也?！惫唬骸盃奚癫ジ壹右?，必以信。”對(duì)曰：“小信未孚，神弗福也?！惫唬骸靶〈笾z，雖不能察，必以情。”對(duì)曰：“【甲】忠之屬也。可以一戰(zhàn)。戰(zhàn)則請(qǐng)從?！惫c之乘，戰(zhàn)于長(zhǎng)勺。公將鼓之。劌曰：“未可?！饼R人三鼓。劌曰：“可矣?！饼R師敗績(jī)。公將馳之。劌曰：“未可?！毕乱暺滢H，登軾而望之，曰：“可矣。”遂逐齊師。既克，公問其故。對(duì)曰：“夫戰(zhàn)，勇氣也。一鼓作氣，再而衰，三而竭。彼竭我盈，故克之。夫大國(guó)，難測(cè)也，懼有伏焉?！疽摇课嵋暺滢H亂，望其旗靡，故逐之?！?.下列選項(xiàng)中加點(diǎn)字的意思都相同的一項(xiàng)是（）A.曹劌請(qǐng)見見多識(shí)廣見義勇為各抒己見B.小信未孚言而有信杳無音信信手拈來C.公與之乘乘風(fēng)破浪乘虛而入乘興而來D.遂逐齊師出師未捷百萬雄師仁義之師10.翻譯文中兩處畫線語句，并依據(jù)上下文對(duì)其作出進(jìn)一步理解，全都正確的一項(xiàng)是（）【甲】忠之屬也?？梢砸粦?zhàn)。翻譯：（這）是盡職分之類的事情?？蓱{借（這個(gè)條件）打一仗。理解：曹劌認(rèn)為魯莊公能夠公正處理百姓的訴訟事件，與“小惠”和“小信”相比，更能贏得百姓的信任，具備了迎戰(zhàn)的條件。【乙】吾視其轍亂，望其旗靡，故逐之。翻譯：我發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的車印混亂，軍旗也倒下了，所以才下令追擊他們。理解：曹劌能敏銳地觀察戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)形勢(shì)的變化，他根據(jù)“轍亂”“旗靡”判斷齊師撤走了伏兵，認(rèn)為可以追擊敵人了。11.“位卑未敢忘憂國(guó)”意思是雖然身份低微，仍然不忘擔(dān)憂國(guó)事。曹劌一介平民，在國(guó)家危難之際，挺身而出，為國(guó)解憂。閱讀下面兩則材料，簡(jiǎn)要說明“位卑未敢忘憂國(guó)”的精神在弦高和卜式身上是如何體現(xiàn)的。材料一秦穆公興兵襲①鄭，過周而東。鄭賈人②弦高將西販牛，道遇秦師于周、鄭之間，乃矯③鄭伯之命，犒④以十二牛，賓⑤秦師而卻之⑥，以存鄭國(guó)。（取材于《淮南子·氾論訓(xùn)》）材料二時(shí)漢方事⑦匈奴，式⑧上書，愿輸⑨家財(cái)半助邊⑩。上使使問式：“欲為官乎？”式曰：“自小牧羊，不習(xí)仕宦，不愿也?！笔拐咴唬骸白雍斡?？”式曰：“天子誅勾奴，愚以為賢者宜死節(jié)，有財(cái)者宜輸之，如此而匈奴可滅也?！保ㄈ〔挠凇稘h書·公孫弘卜式兒寬傳》）注：①[襲]偷襲。②[賈人]商人，在當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)地位不高。③[矯]假托。④[犒]犒勞。⑤[賓]以客禮對(duì)待。⑥[卻之]使秦軍撤退。⑦[事]這里指抵抗。⑧[式]卜式。人名。⑨[輸]交納。⑩[邊]邊防?！敬鸢浮?.D10.【甲】11.弦高本是普通商人（位卑），卻在面對(duì)秦軍侵略時(shí)挺身而出，以他的智慧和財(cái)產(chǎn)令秦軍撤退，保住了鄭國(guó)。卜式作為普通百姓，雖無為官的才能與意愿，但也愿意捐出一半家產(chǎn)資助邊防事業(yè)，為國(guó)家貢獻(xiàn)自己的力量?！窘馕觥俊?題詳解】A.覲見/看見/看見/見解；B.信用/信用/消息/隨便，放任；C.坐（車）/憑借，依仗/利用、趁/利用、趁；D.都是“軍隊(duì)”的意思；故選D?！?0題詳解】[乙]“判斷齊師撤走了伏兵”錯(cuò)誤。原文是“懼有伏焉”，意思是“恐怕（齊軍）設(shè)伏”，并非齊軍真的設(shè)了伏兵?！?1題詳解】本題考查發(fā)散思維。首先要理解“位卑未敢忘憂國(guó)”的含義，即答題時(shí)要緊扣兩個(gè)要素，一是身份低微，二是不忘擔(dān)憂國(guó)事。材料一中，“鄭賈人弦高將西販?！睂懴腋弑臼瞧胀ㄉ倘?，即位卑；“乃矯鄭伯之命，犒以十二牛，賓秦師而卻之，以存鄭國(guó)”寫面對(duì)秦軍侵略時(shí)挺身而出，以他的智慧和財(cái)產(chǎn)令秦軍撤退，保住了鄭國(guó)，即未敢忘憂國(guó)。材料二中，“自小牧羊”寫卜式只是一個(gè)普通百姓，即位卑；“愿輸家財(cái)半助邊”“天子誅勾奴，愚以為賢者宜死節(jié)，有財(cái)者宜輸之，如此而匈奴可滅也”寫他愿意捐出一半家產(chǎn)資助邊防事業(yè)，為國(guó)家貢獻(xiàn)自己的力量，即未敢忘憂國(guó)?！军c(diǎn)睛】參考譯文：魯莊公十年的春天，齊國(guó)軍隊(duì)攻打我們魯國(guó)。魯莊公將要迎戰(zhàn)。曹劌請(qǐng)求拜見魯莊公。他的同鄉(xiāng)說：“當(dāng)權(quán)的人自會(huì)謀劃這件事，你又何必參與呢？”曹劌說：“當(dāng)權(quán)的人目光短淺，不能深謀遠(yuǎn)慮?！庇谑侨氤ヒ婔斍f公。曹劌問：“您憑借什么作戰(zhàn)？”魯莊公說：“衣食（這一類）養(yǎng)生的東西，我從來不敢獨(dú)自專有，一定把它們分給身邊的大臣?！辈軇セ卮鹫f：“這種小恩小惠不能遍及百姓，老百姓是不會(huì)順從您的?！濒斍f公說：“祭祀用的豬牛羊和玉器、絲織品等祭品，我從來不敢虛報(bào)夸大數(shù)目，一定對(duì)上天說實(shí)話?！辈軇フf：“小小信用，不能取得神靈的信任，神靈是不會(huì)保佑您的。”魯莊公說：“大大小小的訴訟案件，即使不能一一明察，但我一定根據(jù)實(shí)情（合理裁決）?！辈軇セ卮鹫f：“這才盡了本職一類的事，可以（憑借這個(gè)條件）打一仗。如果作戰(zhàn)，請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我跟隨您一同去?！钡搅四且惶?，魯莊公和曹劌同坐一輛戰(zhàn)車，在長(zhǎng)勺和齊軍作戰(zhàn)。魯莊公將要下令擊鼓進(jìn)軍。曹劌說：“現(xiàn)在不行?！钡鹊烬R軍三次擊鼓之后。曹劌說：“可以擊鼓進(jìn)軍了?！饼R軍大敗。魯莊公又要下令駕車馬追逐齊軍。曹劌說：“還不行?！闭f完就下了戰(zhàn)車，察看齊軍車輪碾出的痕跡，又登上戰(zhàn)車，扶著車前橫木遠(yuǎn)望齊軍的隊(duì)形，這才說：“可以追擊了。”于是追擊齊軍。打了勝仗后，魯莊公問他取勝的原因。曹劌回答說：“作戰(zhàn)，靠的是士氣。第一次擊鼓能夠振作士兵們的士氣。第二次擊鼓士兵們的士氣就開始低落了，第三次擊鼓士兵們的士氣就耗盡了。他們的士氣已經(jīng)消失而我軍的士氣正旺盛，所以才戰(zhàn)勝了他們。像齊國(guó)這樣的大國(guó)，他們的情況是難以推測(cè)的，怕他們?cè)谀抢镌O(shè)有伏兵。后來我看到他們的車輪的痕跡混亂了，望見他們的旗幟倒下了，所以下令追擊他們?！辈牧弦磺啬鹿l(fā)兵偷襲鄭國(guó)時(shí)，經(jīng)過東周向東進(jìn)發(fā)，鄭國(guó)的商人弦高恰往西去販牛，在東周和鄭國(guó)之間碰到了秦軍，于是弦高假托鄭國(guó)君的命令，用十二頭牛犒勞秦軍、禮待秦軍，使秦軍以為鄭國(guó)已知道這次偷襲計(jì)劃而不敢貿(mào)然前進(jìn),只得撤退，從而保存了鄭國(guó)。材料二當(dāng)時(shí)漢正在抵抗匈奴入侵，卜式上