現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語精讀5課程講解

1,4,8,課，五個(gè)課程。Lesson1A.詞義的理解與語義轉(zhuǎn)換1)Wemusthonestlyrecognizewherewearenow.(1.2)正視2)Whenweviewthenegativeexperiencesoflife,theNegrohasadoubleshare.(1.8)不如意之事坎坷經(jīng)歷若論人生坎坷，黑人可謂倍加艱辛。3)Wemustmassivelyassertourdignityandworth.(3.1)Impressively？讓世人知道4)Wemuststandupamidstasystemthatstilloppressesusanddevelopanunassailableandmajesticsenseofvalues.(3.2)DevelopahabitdropahabitDevelopasense意識(shí)Translationskill詞性轉(zhuǎn)換B.詞匯擴(kuò)展1）Awhitelieisbetterthanablacklie.(4.5)Ihadawhitenight,thinkingofyou.whiteelephantallusion典故Trademark白象白馬王子？whitehorse？Mr.RightPrincecharmingwhitemeatfish/birdredmeat紅肉2)Themostdegeneratememberofafamilyisablacksheep.(4.6)1blacklistblackmarket黑馬darkhorseScapegoat＝替罪羊＝WhipboyAllusion3)…teacherswillnotbeforcedtoteachtheNegrochildsixtywaystodespisehimself,andtherebyperpetuatehisfalsesenseofinferiority,andthewhitechild134waystoadorehimself,andtherebyperpetuatehisfalsesenseofsuperiority（4.7）inferioritycomplexsuperioritycomplex戀父情結(jié)Electracomplex戀母情結(jié)Oedipuscomplexc.搭配collocation1.theNegroisindireneedofthiskindoflegitimatepower(6.2)緊急，極端direwarning/prediction/forecast(awarningaboutsomethingterriblethatwillhappeninthefuture)Lastnightthereweredirewarningsofcivilwar.2.…thepreservingofthestatusquo(6.11)maintain/preserve/defendthestatusquo3.Andoneofthegreatproblemsofhistoryisthattheconceptsofloveandpowerhaveusuallybeencontrastedasopposites--polaropposites-(7.5)（？)polarextremed．句子理解1）Thejobofarousingmanhoodwithinapeople（thathavebeentaughtforsomanycenturiesthattheyarenobody）isnoteasy.（3.4）2）Poweristheability//ofalaborunionliketheUAWtomakethemostpowerfulcorporationintheworld,GeneralMotors,say'Yes'whenitwantstosay'No.'That'spower.（linethreefromthebottom,Paragraph6）3)Whatisneededisarealizationthatpowerwithoutloveisrecklessandabusive,andlovewithoutpowerissentimentalandanemic.(8.6)Anemic：weak；貧血的=AnaemicAnaemia貧血4)Now,earlyinthiscenturythisproposalwouldhavebeengreetedwithridiculeanddenunciation,（considered）asdestructiveofinitiativeandresponsibility.(10.2)25)Thefactisthatthework（whichimprovestheconditionofmankind,theworkwhichextendsknowledgeandincreasespowerandenrichesliteratureandelevatesthought,）isnotdonetosecurealiving(12.1)Shedidn’tmarryhimforhewasrichTheworkisnot不是這樣的donetosecurealiving＝被做以謀生不是為了謀生而做e．修辭（Rhetoric）figureofspeech1.Antithesis對(duì)比對(duì)照（Afigureofspeechinwhichsharplycontrastingideasarejuxtaposedinabalancedorparallelphraseorgrammaticalstructure）1)Aslongasthemindisenslaved,thebodycanneverbefree.(5.5)2)…loveisidentifiedwitharesignationofpower,andpowerwithadenialoflove.(7.5)2．Metaphorsimile(like,as)1)Psychologicalfreedom,afirmsenseofself-esteem,isthemostpowerfulweaponagainstthelongnightofphysicalslavery.(5.6)Self-esteem自信2)Thenegrowillonlybefreewhenhereachesdowntotheinnerdepthsofhisownbeingandsignswiththepenandinkofassertivemanhoodhisownemancipationproclamation.(5.9)3．Personalconflictsamonghusbands,wivesandchildrenwilldiminishwhentheunjustmeasurementofhumanworthonthescaleofdollarsiseliminated.（14.4）3.parallel1)ThetendencytoignoretheNegro'scontributiontoAmericanlifeandtostriphimofhispersonhoodisasoldastheearliesthistorybooksandascontemporaryasthemorning'snewspaper.(5.1)StripperExoticdancing2)Poweratitsbestisloveimplementingthedemandsofjustice,andjusticeatitsbestispowercorrectingeverythingthatstandsagainstlove.（8.6）4.Alliteration1）Nowalotofusarepreachers,andallofushaveourmoralbelievesand3concerns,andsooftenhaveproblemswithpower.(7.1)Xiamenisacityfullofvigorandvitality2）Itispreciselythiscollisionofimmoralpowerwithpowerlessmoralitywhichconstitutesthemajorcrisisofourtimes.(9.2)f.熟詞偏義1.And,inthethinkingofthatday,theabsenceofworldlygoodsindicatedawantofindustrioushabitsandmoralfiber.(10.5)Want=lackHeknowsnowantinhislife.他什么都不缺Lesson4TextAnalysisA.詞義理解與翻譯1.Whenyoursecretaryinvitedmetocomehere,shetoldmethatyourSocietyisconcernedwiththeemploymentofwomenandshesuggestedthatImighttellyousomethingaboutmyownprofessionalexperiences.a.Society:theWomen’sServiceLeagueb.concernedwithc.employment就業(yè)問題增詞：Thefrequency,wavelength,andspeedofsoundarecloselyrelated.頻率、波長和聲速三方面是密切相關(guān)的2.Fortheroadwascutmanyyearsago—byFannyBurney,by…—manyfamouswomen,andmanymoreunknownandforgotten,havebeenbeforeme,makingthepathsmooth,andregulatingmysteps.(1.7)a.cut開辟b.manymoreunknownandforgottenc.makingthepathsmooth鋪平道路d.regulatingmysteps：guide步子3.Thus,whenIcametowrite,thereareveryfewmaterialobstaclesinmyway.(1.10)a.materialobstacles物質(zhì)方面/上的阻礙b.inmyway4.Youhaveonlygottofiguretoyourselvesagirlinabedroomwithapeninher4hand.(2.1)a.figure：imaginevitalstatisticsFig.15.Shewasintenselysympathetic.Shewasimmenselycharming.Shewasutterlyunselfish.(3.10)enselysympatheticsympathize：beinharmonywithb.immenselycharmingc.utterlyunselfish是這么是如此她善解人意；她可愛迷人；她毫無私心是那么。6.Shewouldhavepluckedtheheartofmywriting.(3.倒13)a.plucktheheart空洞無物她會(huì)使我的文章。隱喻詞義引申：Everylifehasitsrosesandthorns荊棘.每個(gè)人生活都有甜有苦。7.ThoughIflattermyselfthatIkilledherintheend,thestrugglewassevere.(3.倒4)a.flatter8.Besympathetic;betender;flatter;deceive;usetheartsandwilesofoursex.(3.倒21)言不由衷；女人的十八般武器，都要要善解人意；要言辭溫婉；要善于迎合；要用上。B．詞匯擴(kuò)展1.Shehadonlytomovethatpenfromlefttorightfromteno’clocktoone.FromlefttorightFromagetoage世世代代FromChinatoPeru天涯海角；到處秘魯Frombadtoworse每況愈下Frompillartopost東奔西跑，到處碰壁pillar=postFromragstoriches暴富Fromstrengthtostrength越來越強(qiáng)大Fromtiptotoe從頭到尾Fromthecradletothegrave一生2．FortenandsixpenceonecanbuypaperenoughtowritealltheplaysofShakespeare---ifonehasamindthatway.5(1.倒5)haveamindthatway=haveamindlikethat（Shakespeare’smind）Thatway--Idon’tknowyournameyet.--Let’skeepitthatway.Mywayorthehighway.（TheMatrix）Haveone’swayFinderskeepers.LosersweepersFairenough.行，還算公平Watt:Sincethereareotherapplicantsontheline,wecan'tletyouknowourdecisionyetuntilallofthemhavegottheirchanceforinterview.Ann:Fairenough,Iamwillingtowaituntilyouhavecometoadecision.C．句子理解1.Myprofessionisliterature;andinthatprofessiontherearefewerexperiencesforwomenthaninanyother,withtheexceptionofthestage—fewer,Imeanthatarepeculiartowomen.(1.5)2.Pianosandmodels,Paris,ViennaandBerlin,mastersandmistresses,arenotneededbyawriter.(1.倒4)3.Thecheapnessofwritingpaperis,ofcoursethereasonwhywomenhavesucceededaswritersbeforetheyhavesucceededintheotherprofessions.(1.倒4)4.ItwasshewhousedtocomebetweenmeandmypaperwhenIwaswritingreviews.(3.6)Comebetween…and…1.tomakepeopleargueandfeelangrywitheachother,whentheyhadbeenfriendsbefore:Nothingwillevercomebetweenusnow.Ididn'twanttocomebetweenahusbandandwife.2topreventsomeonefromgivingenoughattentiontosomething:Sheneverletanythingcomebetweenherandherwork.5.Iftherewasachicken,shetooktheleg;iftherewasadraught（draft）,shesatinit—inshortshewassoconstitutedthatsheneverhadamindorawishofherown.(3.12)風(fēng)口6.For,asIfound,directlyIputpentopaper,youcannot//reviewevenanovelwithouthavingamindofyourown,withoutexpressingwhatyouthinktobethetruth6abouthumanrelations,morality,sex.(3.倒12)directly:assoonasYoucan’t//smokewithoutmakingnonsmokersunhappy.7.Andshemadeasiftoguidemypen.(3.倒19)Make（seem）asiftodo:toseemasifyouaregoingtodosomethingbutthennotdoit:Shemadeasiftospeakbutthenstopped.8.InowrecordtheoneactforwhichItakesomecredittomyself,thoughthecreditrightlybelongstosomeexcellentancestorsofminewholeftmeacertainsumofmoney—shallwesayfivehundredpoundsayear?(3.倒19)Credit:praise,approvalforanact,abilityoraquality.Examples：Hetookhisassistant’scredit.Shedeservescreditfortryingherbest.havesomethingtoyourcredit：tohaveachievedsomethingShealreadyhastwosuccessfulnovelstohercredit.下面我要說說多少是我自己做的一件事情，當(dāng)然做此事的功勞主要還應(yīng)歸功于我了不起吧的的祖先，是他們給我留下了一筆財(cái)產(chǎn)－比如說每年五百英鎊－這樣我就不用完全靠女人的魅力去謀生了。9．Iturneduponherandcaughtherbythethroat.Ididmybesttokillher.Myexcuse,ifIweretobehadupinacourtoflaw,wouldbethatIactedinself-defence.(3.倒15)Turnupon:attack掐Havesb.up:totakesb.tocourtPeepingTomwashadupforstalking.Curiositykillsthecat.10．Thus,wheneverIfelttheshadowofherwingortheradianceofherhalo，Itookuptheinkpotandflungitather.(3.倒7)TheshadowandtheradiancerefertotheinfluenceoftheVictorianattitudesonmywritingD.Rhetoricaldevices1.Nodemandwasmadeuponthefamilypurse.(1.倒6)Purse:usedfigurativelytostandformoney,financialconditions.Thiskindoffigureofspeechiscalledmetonymy(轉(zhuǎn)喻).Beijing；theWhiteHouse;theCrown;Thepenismightierthanthesword.文勝于武Hesucceededbythesweatofhisbrow.Heistoofondofthebottle.貪杯7Whatislearnedinthecradleiscarriedtothegrave.2．...Ihadtoadmitthatinsteadofspendingthatsumuponbreadandbutter,rent,shoes,andstockings,orbutcher’sbills…breadandbutter:usedfigurativelytomeanfoodandthemostimportantandbasicthings.e.g.bread-and-butterissuessuchasjobsandhousingThiskindoffigureofspeechiscalledsynecdoche(提喻).借代e.g.Allhandsweresummonedtothequarter-deck(后甲板).Theybravedthewavestoprotecttheirfatherland.Aretherenoroofsinthistownthatwillharboranhonorableman?Brandish(揮舞)yoursteel,men.Lesson8UnitEightTheMerelyVeryGoodOppenheimerSpenderDiracAudenA.Translation1.TheMerelyVeryGood.譯文:僅僅一流一流而已一流人物而已2.…AndIwasconsciousofhissuperiorityinawaywhichwasembarrassingandledtotrouble.(2.10)？/他很高明，但這樣表現(xiàn)出來不僅令人尷尬，而且惹出麻譯文：我知道他比我強(qiáng)煩。3.Thetwoyoungmenbecamefriends,insofarasonecouldhaveafriendshipwithDirac.Insofaras:totheextentthat,tothedegreethat,because,since,inthatInsofarasIcansaynow,Ishallcome.目前我只能說我將會(huì)來。Insofaraspossible,ourexampleswillbedrawnfromChinese.在可能范圍內(nèi),例證均引自漢語。一定份上的朋友而已，狄拉克就是這樣。譯文：他和狄拉克成了朋友，但也只是4.WhileOppenheimerwasinterruptingBorn’sseminars,announcingthatHecoulddocalculationsbetterinthequantumtheory,Dirac,onlytwoyearsolder,hadinventedthesubject.(3.9)8Inventedthesubject:?譯文：締造了這一學(xué)科5.Auden’sDirac-likelucidity,thesheerwonderoflanguage,andthesenseoffunaboutseriousthings.(4.16)（1）lucidity:beinglucid;beingeasilyunderstood譯文：奧登那狄拉克式的簡潔明快，純粹的語言魅力，寓諧于莊的幽默感6．SpenderalsodoesnotseemtohaveremarkedonOppenheimer’seyes,whichhadakindofwaryluminescence.Siamesecatsmakeasimilarexpression.(6.8)（1）wary:cautiousandalert(2)luminescence:lightemissionwithoutheat:theemissionoflightproducedbymeansotherthanheatincandescence,e.g.byphosphorescence,fluorescence,orbioluminescence譯文：他的眼睛帶有一種警覺而冷冷的目光。這種目光也可以在暹羅貓身上找到。（教參）B.Vocabulary1.Earlyin1981Ireceivedaninvitationtogivealectureatawriter’sconference…(1.1)（1）invitation:邀請(qǐng)函，請(qǐng)?zhí)鸈g.HowtowriteaninvitationOtherexamples？(2)lecture:演講，講座Collocation:give/deliveralecture2.AsIrecall,thehonorariumofferedwouldhavebarelycoveredtheexpense.(1.8)(1)honorarium:Apaymentgiventoaprofessionalpersonforservicesforwhichfeesarenotlegallyortraditionallyrequired.辨析StipendCompensationDamagesBonusCommissionPensionAllowanceSubsidyGrantScholarshipratefareperk(2)cover:tobesufficienttomeetthechargeorcostof擴(kuò)展：coveranattemptedassassination?9Coverage3.AfterOppenheimergraduatedfromHarvardin1925,hewasawardedafellowshiptostudyinEurope.(2.3-4)(1)fellowship:Thefinancialgrantmadetoafellowinacollegeoruniversity.比較：fellow：researcher研究員Fulbrightfellow富布賴特研究員FulbrightScholar富布賴特學(xué)者背景：富布賴特項(xiàng)目是美國在全球范圍內(nèi)開展的,有良好聲譽(yù)的大規(guī)模國際合作.該項(xiàng)目創(chuàng)建于1946年,以其倡議者前美國參議員富布賴特命名,旨在通.目前,約有來自140多個(gè)國家的交流項(xiàng)目過教育和文化交流來促進(jìn)國家間的相互了解25,5000人參與了此項(xiàng)目.中國是最早參與富布賴特項(xiàng)目的國家之一.中美富布賴特項(xiàng)目是根據(jù)兩國政府協(xié).該項(xiàng)目,中美富布賴特項(xiàng)目50名中國學(xué)者修.議,由中國教育部和美國國務(wù)院共同負(fù)責(zé)管理的國家項(xiàng)目由美國駐華大使館和中國國家留學(xué)基金管理委員會(huì)共同實(shí)施.目前每年資助大約50名美國學(xué)者來華講學(xué)和赴美研4.FollowingaveryhappytimeinEngland,whereheseemstohavehadasortofnervousbreakdown,hewenttoGermanytogethisPh.D.(1)breakdown:asuddenphysicalorpsychologicalcollapse崩潰擴(kuò)充：breakdownShebrokedownonthewaytoprison.Thecarbrokedownonthewaytoprison.Outbreak:Asuddeneruption突然爆發(fā)anoutbreakofinfluenza5.Inmyordinaryseminaronquantummechanics,heusedtointerruptthespeaker,whoeveritwas,notexcludingmyself,andtosteptotheblackboard…(2.11)(1)seminar:擴(kuò)充：colloquium,forum,workshop,discussiongroup，symposiumFortuneForum6.Thenextyear,DiraccameasavisitortoGottingenand,asithappened,roomedinthelargehouseofaphysiciannamedCariowhereOppenheimeralsohadaroom.(1)room:tooccupyaroom,lodge寄宿，住名詞動(dòng)用:a.表示物件的名詞book,chair,pin,seat,map,picture,pencil,bag,bottle,pocketb.表示身體部位的名詞hand,back,head,shoulder,finger,nose,eyec.表示某類人的名：詞fool,nurse,host,doctor,man,soldier,officer,father,d.其它實(shí)物名：詞10house,room,bridge,flower,floor,duste:抽象名詞：winter,battle,hunger,anger,time,number7.ThismusthavehadaprofoundeffectonOppenheimer.Collocation:profoundeffect/influence/impactOtherexamples:開支票創(chuàng)造奇跡makewonder（wrong）Workwonder取得成就recordachievement好票goodseat衣食住行food,clothing,shelter,transportation8.Itwasagutsythingtodo.(4.6)(1)gutsy:(informal)courageous擴(kuò)充:Guts:(slang)courageorboldnessHehasnoguts.他沒種。Heisachicken.=cowardChick=girlChickmovie9.…shemighthaveachancetotalkwithotherpeoplewhowereinthesameboat.(1)inthesameboat:inthesamesituationasanotherorothers比較：同病相憐同舟共濟(jì)Anoldsaying:Thoseinthesameboatshouldrowtogether同舟應(yīng)共濟(jì)我們應(yīng)該同舟共濟(jì)Asweareinthesameboat,weshouldrowtogether.Thoseinthes10.Iwassostruckbythefactthat,likeOppenheimer,Spenderseemed“unfocused”.(4.20)(1)strike:impressHestrikesmeassissy.C．Sentences1.Oppenheimerallowedonetofillintherestofthesentence.(3.line3fromthebottom)2.(As)interestingasitmighthavebeentoheartheresponses,thisdidnotseemtobethesortofanecdotethatwouldgooverespeciallywellataconferencedevotedtopoetry.(3.lastsentence)Gooverwell:bewellreceivedIrony3．Pittedagainsttheseexcellentreasonsformynotgoingtotheconferencewere11twoothersthatfinallycarriedtheday.(4.1)(1)topit:tosetincompetitionagainst;(2)tocarrytheday:towin4.…shewasfindingitprettyroughgoing.(1)rough:notsmooth(2)going:progressing5.Thisaside,IhadreadinthetentativeprogramoftheconferencethatoneoftheothertutorswastobeStephenSpender.(4.9)(1)thisa