初二八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)分析與典型題

PAGE初二八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)分析與典型題since［］conj.自從……【經(jīng)典例句】Theyhavebeenfriendssincechildhood.他們自幼時(shí)起一直是好朋友?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1)since和for短語(yǔ)都可表示時(shí)間段,since后接時(shí)間點(diǎn),而for后接時(shí)間段。如:sincetwodaysago/2010/lastweek;fortwodays/threeyears/fivehours2)since后還可接從句,從句使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如:Shehastaughtheresincesheleftschool.自從畢業(yè)以來(lái),她一直在這兒教書。3)對(duì)for或since提問(wèn)時(shí),都用howlong。【活學(xué)活用】1.對(duì)畫線部分提問(wèn)WeiHuahasbeenillsincehermotherleft.答案：HowlonghasWeiHuabeenill?raise［］v.籌集;收集【經(jīng)典例句】Ouraimistoraisemoneyforacharity.我們的目的是為慈善組織籌錢?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1)注意:raise還常作“舉起,抬高”講,如:raiseyourhand舉起手來(lái)。2)形近詞:risev.上升,不及物動(dòng)詞。如:Thesunrisesintheeasteveryday.太陽(yáng)每天從東方升起。important［］adj.重要的【經(jīng)典例句】It’sveryimportanttolearnEnglishbecauseitiswidelyusedintheworld.學(xué)英語(yǔ)很重要,因?yàn)樗谑澜绶秶鷥?nèi)廣泛使用。【考點(diǎn)聚焦】1)派生詞:importancen.重要性,theimportanceof...意思是“……的重要性”;2)important一詞常用在“It’simportantforsb.todosth.”句型中,表示“做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)很重要”?！净顚W(xué)活用】2.選擇isveryimportantforpeopletoprotecttheenvironment.A.ThisB.ThatC.ItD.They答案：Cill［］adj.生病的【經(jīng)典例句】Shecan’tgotoschoolbecausesheisill.她不能上學(xué)了,因?yàn)樗×??！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1)派生詞:illnessn.病2)同義詞辨析:ill和sick都有“生病”之意,ill作“生病的”講時(shí)只可作表語(yǔ),不可作定語(yǔ);sick既可作定語(yǔ),又可作表語(yǔ)。如:asickperson一個(gè)病人?！净顚W(xué)活用】3.單句改錯(cuò)Theillboyhasbeenillinbedforthreedays.答案：第一個(gè)ill改為sickluckily［］adv.幸運(yùn)地【經(jīng)典例句】Hepassedtheexamluckily.他幸運(yùn)地通過(guò)了考試?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1)luckily可修飾動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子,如:Luckily,heisnotbadlyill.幸虧他病得不重。2)派生詞:luckn.運(yùn)氣。如:Goodlucktoyou!祝你好運(yùn)!luckyadj.幸運(yùn)的,幸虧。如:Youarereallyaluckydog.你真是個(gè)幸運(yùn)兒。3)反義詞:unluckily不幸地;同義詞:fortunately。【活學(xué)活用】4.用所給詞的正確形式填空Heistootopasstheexam.But,hecantakeanexamagain.Wishhimgoodnexttime.(luck)答案：unlucky;luckily;luckpoint［］n.點(diǎn),分;v.指著,指【經(jīng)典例句】Wewonby5points.我們贏了5分?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1)用于讀小數(shù)時(shí),如:2.3讀作twopointthree;2)point作動(dòng)詞時(shí),常用在pointat/to短語(yǔ)中,意思是“指著,指向……”,如:It’simpolitetopointto/atotherswithyourchopsticks.用筷子指著別人是不禮貌的。短語(yǔ)·典句·考點(diǎn)getonwith與……相處【經(jīng)典例句】I’mgettingonwellwithmyclassmates.我和同學(xué)們相處得很好?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1)同義短語(yǔ):getalongwellwithsb.與某人相處得好;2)geton/alongwithsth.某事進(jìn)展得……【活學(xué)活用】5.翻譯句子你的工作進(jìn)展得如何?答案：Howareyougettingalongwithyourwork?aneight-year-oldboy一個(gè)八歲的男孩【經(jīng)典例句】Hecan’tdothat.Heisonlyaneight-year-oldboy.他不可能做得了那件事。他只不過(guò)是個(gè)八歲的孩子?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1)這個(gè)短語(yǔ)中包含一個(gè)復(fù)合形容詞,其結(jié)構(gòu)為“數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞”,中間有兩個(gè)連字符,用作定語(yǔ);2)還要注意不用連字符的時(shí)候描述某人或某物的狀況,通常作表語(yǔ)。如:Sheistwelveyearsold.她十二歲。【活學(xué)活用】6.根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子Iwrotealetter.(我寫了一封兩千字的信。)Heis2.1.(他2.1米高。)答案：twothousandword;metrestallstopdoingsth.停止做……【經(jīng)典例句】Westoppedrunningwhenitbegantorain.天開(kāi)始下雨時(shí)我們就停止跑步了?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1)stopdoingsth.強(qiáng)調(diào)停止一直在做的事;stoptodosth.強(qiáng)調(diào)停下來(lái)去做另一件事;2)stop...fromdoingsth.意思是“阻止……做某事”?！净顚W(xué)活用】7.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Theywereverytired,buttheydidn’tstop(have)arest.Whentheteachercamein,thestudentsstopped(talk).答案：tohave;talkinglookafter照顧【經(jīng)典例句】Shehastolookafterheryoungerbrother.她不得不照顧她的小弟弟?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1)同義詞組:takecareof照顧,照料;2)要記住以look為中心的一些短語(yǔ):lookat看lookfor尋找lookout注意;當(dāng)心lookover檢查(身體);翻閱lookup在字典中查……lookforwardto盼望;期待【活學(xué)活用】8.用上面look短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空I’vemywatcheverywhere(到處).You’dbetterthiswordinyourdictionary.Hehashissickmotherformanyyears.答案：lookedfor;lookup;lookedafterwiththehelpof...在……的幫助下【經(jīng)典例句】Withthehelpofhisteacher,hepassedtheexam.在老師的幫助下,他通過(guò)了考試?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1)同義詞組:withone’shelp,如:withhisteacher’shelp。2)help作動(dòng)詞時(shí)的用法:helpsb.(to)dosth./helpsb.withsth.意為“幫助某人做某事”。【活學(xué)活用】9.根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子(在因特網(wǎng)的幫助下),wecanchatonline.答案：WiththehelpoftheInternetpayfor付款,支付【經(jīng)典例句】Ifyoulosethelibrarybook,youmustpayforit.如果你丟了圖書館的書,你就必須賠償?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1)可以是payforsth.或paysomemoneyforsth.如:Ipaidthreeyuanforapen.我花三元錢買了枝鋼筆。2)花錢買某物還可以說(shuō)：spendsomemoneyonsth./sth.costsb.somemoney.becauseof因?yàn)椤窘?jīng)典例句】Ididn’tgooutbecauseofrain.因?yàn)橄掠?所以我沒(méi)有出去?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1)becauseof是介詞短語(yǔ),后接名詞或名詞短語(yǔ);2)注意與because的區(qū)別:because后接從句,如:Ididn’tgooutbecauseitrained.【活學(xué)活用】10.選擇theheavysnowlastwinter,thewheatisgrowingwellnow.A.Because B.Becauseof C.For D.Since答案：B句子·剖析·拓展It’seasiertolearnaforeignlanguagewhenyouvisitthecountry.當(dāng)你在那個(gè)國(guó)家時(shí),學(xué)外語(yǔ)就容易些?！酒饰觥?)句中it是形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)tolearnaforeignlanguage,其句型是:It+be+adj./n.+todosth.2)whenyouvisitthecountry是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句?！就卣埂縤t除作形式主語(yǔ)外,也可作形式賓語(yǔ),其后常用不定式作真正的賓語(yǔ),常見(jiàn)句型為sb.finditdifficulttodosth.。HefindsitdifficulttolearnEnglishwellwithoutspeakitalot.他發(fā)現(xiàn)在不常說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的情況下學(xué)好它很困難。It’simportantforhimtoworkontheirfarmbecausetherearesevenpeopleinLiu’sfamilyandtheyareverypoor.對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō),在他們農(nóng)場(chǎng)干活很重要,因?yàn)閯⒓矣衅呖谌瞬⑶壹依镞€很窮?！酒饰觥?)前半句還是基本句型:It+be+adj.+forsb.+todosth.，表示“對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō),做某事是……”;2)后半句是由because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句?！就卣埂咳绻枋鲎瞿呈碌娜说臓顩r,要用It+be+adj.+ofsb.+todosth.句型。It’sverykindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.你幫我學(xué)英語(yǔ)真是太好了。ManychildrenlikeLiYinmingandLiuSanzican’tgetaneducationbecausetheirfamiliesarepoor.因?yàn)榧依锔F,像李因明和劉三子這樣的許多孩子都無(wú)法接受教育。【剖析】介詞短語(yǔ)likeLiYinmingandLiuSanzi作children的定語(yǔ)?！就卣埂啃稳菰~作定語(yǔ)一般置于名詞之前,短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)一般放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。Liquidlikewatercanbemadeintodifferentshapes.像水一樣的液體可以被制成不同形狀。Inthelastfifteenyears,thisprojecthasraisedmoneyandpaidfortheeducationof2.5millionpoorstudentsinruralareas.在過(guò)去的15年里,希望工程已為250萬(wàn)鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)的貧困學(xué)生籌集并支付了教育費(fèi)用。【剖析】1)這是and連接的并列句,raisedmoney和paidfortheeducation是兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)作;2)inthelastfifteenyears常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用?！就卣埂俊癷nthelast+一段時(shí)間”還可用“inthepast+一段時(shí)間”,指“在過(guò)去的……(一段時(shí)間)”,從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間,因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。Inthepastthreemonths,hewaslearnedtooperatethemachine.在過(guò)去的三個(gè)月里，他學(xué)會(huì)了操作這臺(tái)機(jī)器。語(yǔ)法·剖析現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)自述(三)今天來(lái)講講我的第三種用法吧:我還能表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。我常與for/since連用,而且要求動(dòng)詞都必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,提問(wèn)時(shí)要用howlong。有人問(wèn)我,如果是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞怎么辦?那就變成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞唄。仔細(xì)讀讀下表吧:非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞ComebeLeavebeaway(from)BeginbeonBuyhaveBorrowkeepDiebedeadjointheLeaguebeaLeaguememberbeintheLeague如:TheyleftBeijingtenyearsago.→TheyhavebeenawayfromBeijingfortenyears/sincetenyearsago.→HowlonghavetheybeenawayfromBeijing?注意:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能跟表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如:yesterday,lastnight,threeyearsago,in1997等;一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系,可以跟表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如:Ihavealreadyseenthefilm.我已看過(guò)這部電影。Isawthefilmlastweek.我上周看了這部電影。典題精講經(jīng)典題型例1（2010南通中考）Whatbadweatherwehave!Ithasrainedthedaybeforeyesterday.A.on B.for C.since D./思路解析：此題題意是“天氣太糟了,從前天起就一直下雨”。句子用了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),而且thedaybeforeyesterday又是時(shí)間點(diǎn),因此用since,故答案為C。黑色陷阱：本題有兩處陷阱：一是沒(méi)有注意到句子用了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)而誤選D;二是搞不清thedaybeforeyesterday是時(shí)間點(diǎn)還是時(shí)間段而誤選B。例2（2010上海中考）Thecheesecaketastedsothatthekidsaskedformore.A.delicious B.well C.bad D.badly思路解析：此題題意是“這種奶酪蛋糕很好吃,所以孩子們要了更多”。so...that...句型是包含結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句,that之后的從句表結(jié)果。taste是連系動(dòng)詞,后面跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)。答案:A黑色陷阱：本題有兩處陷阱：一是誤認(rèn)為副詞修飾動(dòng)詞,因此錯(cuò)選B項(xiàng)或D項(xiàng)；二是誤解句子的意思,不知so...that...句型表示“如此……以至于……”,因此錯(cuò)選C項(xiàng)。例3（2010天津中考）Billsaidtheywouldhaveholiday.A.atwo-month B.two-months C.two-months D.two-month’s思路解析：此題題意是“比爾說(shuō)他們將過(guò)一個(gè)兩個(gè)月的假期”。“兩個(gè)月”此處作定語(yǔ),因此應(yīng)用twomonth這種形式,故答案為A。綠色通道：解對(duì)此類題應(yīng)注意復(fù)合形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),其中的名詞要用單數(shù);此外,所有格形式也可作定語(yǔ),名詞用復(fù)數(shù),如:twomonths’holiday。例4—I’vefinishedmyhomework,MrBlack.—Whenyouit?A.have;finished B.do;finishC.did;finish D.will;finish思路解析：此題題意是“我已完成作業(yè)。你什么時(shí)候完成的?”后面問(wèn)句是用when提問(wèn),完成作業(yè)這一動(dòng)作是瞬間動(dòng)作且發(fā)生在過(guò)去,故答案為C。黑色陷阱：本題有一處陷阱。上面一句用了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),因此可能誤導(dǎo)有些同學(xué)選A。原創(chuàng)題仿照示例看圖寫句子:nearlyanhoursince7:00anhoursince40minutesagohalfanhour1.A:Howlonghasshewashedclothes?B:Shehaswashedclothesfornearlyanhour.2.A: