廣東2022新高考對語言能力的要求

廣東省2022屆新高考對語言能力的要求一、語言能力的定義語言能力由以下幾個部分組成：語言知識：詞、句和篇語言技能：聽、說、讀和寫語言策略：識別、理解、推理、概括、重構(gòu)、產(chǎn)出語言能力的定義：不同的語言任務(wù)要求學(xué)習(xí)者使用不同的語言技能（手段），對語言輸入進(jìn)行語言思維的加工（條件），達(dá)到對語言知識的應(yīng)用（目標(biāo)）。二、新高考題型介紹題型1：語法填空[題型示例]第二節(jié)：語法填空（共10小題，每小題分，滿分15分） 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)上下文填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語，或使用括號中的詞語的適當(dāng)形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡上標(biāo)號為31-40的相應(yīng)位置。Thirty-twopeoplewatchedKittyGenovese36(kill)rightbelowtheirwindows.Shewas37neighbor.Yet38ofthe32helpedher.Notoneevencalledthepolice.JohnBarleyandBibFatanewentbeyondtheheadlinestoresearchintothe39whypeopledidn’tact.Theyfoundthatapersonhastogothroughtwosteps40hecanhelp.Firsthehastonoticethatitis41emergency（緊急情況）.Isthesmokecomingintotheroom42aleakintheairconditioning?Isit“steampipes”?Orisitreallysmokefromafire?It’snotalwayseasytotellifyouarefacedwitharealemergency.Second,and43important,thepersonfacedwithanemergencymustfeelpersonally44(responsibility).Hemustfeelthathemusthelp,45thepersonwon’tgetthehelpheneeds.[題型說明] “語法填空”要求考生閱讀一篇短文，然后完成10項(xiàng)語法填空。內(nèi)容包括根據(jù)上下文填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語；或使用括號中詞語的適當(dāng)形式填空。 “語法填空”考查考生在篇章層面上理解并應(yīng)用語法知識的能力，考試采用填空的形式，而不是選擇填空。“語法填空”要求考生必須具備較好的語法分析能力，而不只是語法辨析能力。語法分析以分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)為主，分析的內(nèi)容主要包括句子結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成（包括句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和擴(kuò)展成分）；句子成分之間的一致性，比如，主謂一致、時(shí)態(tài)一致等；句子的篇章制約以及句子的意義制約。題型2：完形填空[題型示例]第一節(jié)：完形填空（共15小題；每小題分，滿分分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從21～30各題所給的四個選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Thisisnottheworldweknow.Theworldiscontrolledbycomputers.Menandwomencanbeseen,buttheyarefollowingthe__21___giventothembymachines.The__22___weredesignedbymadscientists,butatsomepointeventhemadscientistsweretakenoverbytheir__23___.Doesthisscenariosoundfamiliar?Youhaveprobablyreadsomethinglikeitinmagazinesorscience-fictionbooks,orseenitinasci-fifilm.Whyisthe__24__sopopular?Oneofthe___25___isundoubtedlythatitreflectsthefearsofmanypeople:fearoftheunknown,fearofwhatisnotunderstoodor,___26___,fearofsomethingthatisonlypartially__27___.This__28__isperhapsnotverydifferentfromthewaywitchesandblackcatswerefearedintheMiddleAges.The___29___isthateverydayitseemsthatcomputerstakecontrolofanotherareaofour__30___.Somefactoryjobsarenowdonebyrobots__31___andtherobotsarecontrolledbycomputers.Ourbankaccountsare___32___bycomputers.Attheairport,ourticketsareissuedandourseatsareassignedbyacomputer.Certainly,manyofthese__33___aremademoreefficientbycomputers,butour__34___issometimescombinedwithfeelingsofinsecurity.Andthis__35__iscausedbythefactthatwedonotknowhowcomputersdothesethings,andwereallydon'tknowwhattheymightdolater.21.A.orders B.rules C.programs D.words22.A.programs B.machines C.robots D.ideas23.A.super-powers B.super-inventions C.madthoughts D.madworld24.A.theme B.science C.scenario D.magazine25.A.stories B.facts C.reasons D.doubts26.A.atmost B.atleast C.atall D.aboveall27.A.reflected B.recognized C.completed D.comprehended28.A.idea B.fact C.fear D.reason29.A.idea B.fact C.fear D.reason30.A.lives B.world C.fears D.ages31.A.hands B.computers C.people D.robots32.A.done B.made C.managed D.controlled33.A.operations B.jobs C.machines D.robots34.A.curiosity B.admiration C.expectation D.amazement35.A.thought B.idea C.combination D.insecurity[題型說明] “完形填空”要求考生閱讀一篇短文，然后完成15項(xiàng)填空，比原來減少5道題，考點(diǎn)將更加明確：詞語在特定語境中的用法、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的銜接以及篇章意義的連貫?！巴晷翁羁铡币罂忌仨毦邆漭^強(qiáng)的篇章分析能力。題型3閱讀理解第一節(jié)：閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(xiàng)（A,B,C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AIfyouarearecentsocialsciencegraduatewhohashadtolistentojokesaboutunemploymentfromyourcomputermajorclassmates,youmayhavehadthelastlaugh.Therearemanyadvantagesforthesocialsciencemajorbecausethishigh-tech"InformationAge"demandspeoplewhoareflexible(靈活的)andwhohavegoodcommunicationskills.Therearemanysocialsciencemajorsinlargecompanieswhofillimportantpositions.Forexample,anumberofresearchstudiesfoundthatsocialsciencemajorshadachievedgreatermanagerialsuccessthanthosewhohadtechnicaltrainingorpre-professionalcourses.Studiesshowthatsocialsciencemajorsaremostsuitedforchange,whichistheleadingfeature(特點(diǎn))ofthekindofhighspeed,high-pressure,high-techworldwenowlivein.Socialsciencemajorsarenotonlyexperiencingsuccessintheirlong-termcompanyjobs,buttheyarealsofindingjobsmoreeasily.Astudyshowedthatmanycompanieshadfilledalargepercentageoftheirentry-levelpositionswithsocialsciencegraduates.Thestudyalsoshowedthatthemostsought-afterqualityinapersonwhowaslookingforajobwascommunicationskills,notedas"veryimportant"by92percentofthecompanies.Socialsciencemajorshavetheseskills,oftenwithoutknowinghowimportanttheyare.Itisprobablyduetotheseskillsthattheyhavebeenofferedawidevarietyofpositions.Finally,althoughsomesocialsciencemajorsmaystillfinditmoredifficultthantheirtechnicallytrainedclassmatestolandthefirstjob,recentgraduatesreportthattheydon'tregrettheirchoiceofstudy.41.Bysayingthat"youmayhavehadthelastlaugh"inthefirstparagraph,theauthormeansthatyoumayhave_______.earnedasmuchascomputermajorsstoppedjokingaboutcomputermajorssharedthejokeswithcomputermajorsfoundjobsmoreeasilythancomputermajors42.Comparedwithgraduatesofothersubjects,socialsciencegraduates______.arelikelytogiveotherspressureareequallygoodatcomputerskillsarebetterabletodealwithdifficultiesarereadytochangewhensituationschange43.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthecommunicationskill? A.Socialsciencemajorsdonotknowtheyhavehadtheseskills. B.Manycompaniesprefertoemploythosewithgoodcommunicationskills. C.Theseskillshavebeenconsideredveryimportantbysocialsciencemajors. D.Computermajorshavebeenofferedawidevarietyofpositionsbecauseoftheseskills.44.Accordingtothetext,whathasmadeiteasyforsocialsciencegraduatestofindjobs?Part-timeworkexperience.Skillsinexpressingthemselves.Willingnesstotakelow-paidjobs.Readinesstogainhigh-techknowledge.45.Theunderlinedword"land"inthelastparagraphprobablymeans_______.successfullygetloseregretfullyimmediatelystartkeepforsometimeBTheEskimohaslivedonthecoastsofBaffinIslandforthelast4,000yearsorso.AlthoughaEuropean,MartinFrobisher,seekinggoldandanewroutetoChina,reachedthesouthcoastofBffinIslandin1576,EuropeanshadlittleinfluenceontheEskimo’swayoflifeuntilthemid-nineteenthcentury.TheEskimocontinued,ashehadforthousandsofyearsbefore,tomanagetoliveinoneoftheunfriendliestpartsoftheworld.Theyhuntedwithweaponsmadeofboneandlivedinsnowhousesortentsofskin.Andtheirclothesweremadefromskinsandfurs.Hehadneithermetalnorwood,anddependedentirelyontheflesh,fatandbonesoftheanimalshecouldcatchfromtheArcticseaorlandinordertosurvive.Duringtheseyears,theEsikimodevelopedthebestdwellingsandclothing.Noonehassofarbeenabletodevelopanythingbetterthanthatevenbyusingmodernscientificknowledge.Livinginsmallgroupsofeitheroneorseveralfamilies,heprovidedforallhisownneeds.Theleaderofagroupusedtobeitsbesthunter,andeachpersonhadhisownjobtodo;theshort-sighteddidtheunskilledtasks;thewomencookedandmadeclothes.Withinthegroupeveryonehadafairshareofitsproduce.MoreandmoreEuropeanscameinthesecondhalfofthenineteenthcenturytohuntwhale.TheyalsobegantradingwiththeEskimo,givinghimmetalcookingpots,gunsandclothinreturnforskin,andaddingtea,sugarandflourtothemeatwhichhadbeenalmosthisonlyfood.TheEskimocametorelymoreandmoreonthesenewgoodsfromabroad,butstilldidnotchangehiswayoflifeinanyimportantway.Hestilllivedinsmallgroupsinthebesthuntingareas,stilllivedofftheland.Hislifewascertainlyahardone,andifhewascarelessorunlucky,hisfamilycoulddieofhunger.Healsosufferedfromdisease,especiallygermsintroducedbytheEuropeans,andwholegroupswerekilledoff.Then,inthefiftiesofthiscentury,theCanadianGovernmentsuddenlybecameinterestedinitsEskimopopulation.SincethenithasbuilttownsneartheArcticCirclewithschoolsandcheapwoodenhousesforEskimos,andmoreandmoreofthemhavecometoliveinthem.FewerandfewerEskimoswanttogohuntingnow,butintheArctictownshipsmanyofthemfindthereisnootherkindofworkforthemtodo.TheEskimo’swayoflifebegantochangeinimportantways__________.in15764,000yearsagointhefiftiesofthiscenturyinthesecondhalfofthenineteenthcentury47.Short-sightedEskimosusedtodotheunskilledtasksbecause__________.theycouldnotreadtheycouldnotseewellenoughtohuntsomeillnesseskilledoffwholegroupstheydidn’thavemodernscientificknowledge48.EuropeansusedtotradewiththeEskimostoobtain__________.A.gold B.whales C.skins D.tea,sugarandflour49.WhichofthefollowingisthechiefreasonwhytheEskimocouldnotchangehiswayoflifeforthousandsofyears?A.Hehadnochancetotrade.B.Hereliedongoodsfromabroad.C.ManyEskimowereshort-sighted.D.HisclotheswerenotgoodintheArcticweather.50.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Eskimoslivebyhuntingwhales.B.AllEskimosnowliveintownsortownships.C.TheleaderofanEskimogroupusuallyhadgoodeyesight.D.MartinFrobisherwantedtochangetheEskimo’swayoflife.CNigel’sMotherNigelhadbeenbornanonlychild.Hisfatherhaddiedwhenhewassmall,andwhenhismother,althoughstillnotold,diedtoo,hewaslikeamanlost,acarwithoutasteering-wheel,aprisonersetfreeafteralifetimeinprison.Whileshelived,alldecisionsabouthisdailylife,hisfriendships,hisfortune,hadbeentakenbythatoverbearingwoman.Inallthingsherwordhadbeenlaw.Naturehadmadeherthesortofpersontocaptainindustryoranarmy;instead,shewasNigel’smother.Ifanewsuitwastobebought,sheknewtherightstyle,materialandcolorforhim,andneverfailedtogowithhimtothetailor.Whenitwastimetochangeabookhehadborrowedfromthelibrary,hereliedonhertosuggestwhatheshouldreadnext;and,ifthatbookdidnothappentobeavailable,hewouldcomehomeempty-handedratherthanriskmakingachoiceofwhichshemightnotapprove.Hisfriends,shepickedoutforhim;hisoccasionaloutingswiththem,sheplannedandaccompanied.Theirholidays,whichtheymoreoftentookinEnglandthanabroad,theyspenttogether.Hismeals,shebought,cooked,andserved,andtheninstructedhimineverydetailhowtheyshouldbeeaten.Asaresult,hegrewupasthinasshewas.Shehadalsoshownhimstepbystephowtowintheloveofthegirlshethoughtshewouldlikehimtomarry;but,onthedayshewassurethegirlwouldagreetobehiswife,sherealizedthedangershewasin,andstoppedhimaskinghersothatshewouldnothavetorisksharinghercontroloverhimwithanotherwoman.Andthen,suddenly,shewasdead.Hewasonhisown.OncebeforeNigelhadbeeninthisterrifyingsituation.Hismotherhadhadtogointohospitalforaweekandlayforpartofthattimeunconscious.OntheSunday,Nigelhadnotknownwhethertogotochurchtwice,astheyhadalwaysdoneinthepast,oronlyonceinthemorningsothathecouldvisithismotherintheafternoon.Hehadspentthewholedayworryingovertheproblemandintheendwentneithertochurchnortothehospital.Hismotherneverforgavehim,andgavehimnochancetorepeatsuchamistake.51.ThepassagetellsustheNigel__________.neededhismotherdisobeyedhismotherdecidedthingsforhismotherlookedafterhismothernearlyallthetime52.ThepassagetellsusthatNigel’smother__________.A.ruledhimB.obeyedhimC.lethersonmakemanydecisionsD.couldnotlookafterthehousewithouthishelp53.WhydidNigel’smotherdie?A.Thereasonisnotgiveninthepassage.B.BecauseNigeldidn’tvisitherinhospital.C.BecauseNigeldidsomethingwithoutaskingher.D.Becauseshehadanaccidentinacarwithoutasteering-wheel.54.Nigel’smother__________.A.lethimreadanybookshelikedB.didn’tlikehimtoreadbooksatallC.alwayslikedthebookshechoseforhimselfD.likedhimtoreadonlythebooksshechoseforhim55.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutNigelistrue?A.Nigelusedtolosthiswayoften.B.Nigelusedtodriveacarwithoutasteering-wheel.C.Nigel,afterhismother’sdeath,wasputintoprison.D.Nigelwasusedtorelyingonhismothertomakedecisions.三、英語語言能力的培養(yǎng)1．語言基本功的訓(xùn)練：詞、句、篇2．語言思維的培養(yǎng)：語言分析、語言理解、語言重構(gòu)、語言產(chǎn)出OnEnglishWritingandGrammarTeachingWenBinliGuangdongI.Outline:Students’writing:examplesOnhowtoteachwritingOngrammarteachingSummary(i)Whatisagoodcomposition?ContentRichandspecific,withonerunningthreadOrganizationClear,coherent,readingwellLanguageGrammatical,withcorrectuseofwordsandrightsentencestructure(ii)OngrammarteachingOnweakeningthe“senseofgrammar”O(jiān)nraisinggrammarawarenessHowtoraisegrammarawareness(iii)OnraisinggrammarawarenessBalance:fluencyvs.accuracyAttitude:observantandcarefulOnidiomaticalnessII.DataNo.01“Half”……First,don’talwaysfollowwhatyourclassmatesdo,forinstant,smoking,drinkingorstealing.But,likestudying-hard,arriveatschoolontimethosegoodhabbityoucanfollow.Second,youdon’tonlyconsidertopasstheexaminationbutalsotodevelopagoodcharacter.Nottobeatothers,dosomethingbadtoyourfriends.Finally,haveagoodattitudetowardsyourstudentperiod.Youdon’tneedtoworryaboutyoucan’tpasttheexamination,lateforschoolortheteachertelephonetoyourparentscomplainyourbadscore.Youjustthinkthatyourstudentperiodisapreparationforyourfuturetime,notforyourparents,teachersorsociety.Youjustdowhatyouthinkisright,butnottobraketherule.Inconclusion,thestudentperiodisapreparationforourfuturelife.Asforstudentswemusthaveaactiveattitudetowardsthisperiod.Thereiswherethesignificantelies.Iadvocatethatonlyinthiswaycanthestudentsdevelopinasoundway.No.02“Whatagoodtime!”AfterreadingpassageB,I’mmovedbywhatauthorwrote,andI’mfullyagreewithwhatheorshethought:studentperiodisthebestinthewholelife-timeofamanandstudentperiodasapreparationperiodforstudent’slaterlife.Itissaidthatstudentsusuallycarefreesincetheirparentswishtogivethemaverypeacefulandcontentedlife.What’smore,studentscanalsohavelotsofspecialadvantages.Andthereisalwaysatendencyonthepartofthepublic,tolookwithacertainamountofleniencyuponthevagariesofthestudents.However,therearemorereasonstoexplainwhystudentperiodisagoodtime.Firstofall,studentscandreamfreely,withoutworriedaboutother’sattituds.Theywanttobeanartiest,theycanstudyart,wanttobeasinger,theycanstudymusic.Studentsnoneedtothinkabouttheirpresentlifeiftheirfamiliesarenottoopoor,evenif,thecountry,thegovernmenthasmanyspecialmeasurestohelppoorordisablestudents.Thereisnodenyingthatstudentsarelearners,sostudentscanmakemistakeswithoutaccepttoomuchcomplaintion.Theyarelearningsotheycanhavemoreadviseandavoidsteponawrongwaywhichcannotgobackandwillmakethempainalllifelong.Besides,studentperiodfulloffresh,excitingandadventures.Everythingisnew,everythingiswaitingforthemtoexplored.Theyneverknowwhathappentotheynextaftertheymakeadecition,but,anyway,sometimestheycanstartagainiftheresultistoobad.Inmypart,studentperiodisgoldentimeinthewholelife-timeofaman,notonlygood,butalsoprepareforman’slaterlife.No.03“TheImportanceofClothing”AfterreadingPassageA,Irealizethattheauthorintendstotellusthatpeopleinallculturesuseclothingandotherformsofbodilydecorationtocommunicatestatus,intensionsandothermessages.Thewriterusesmanyexamplestoexplainhowimportantthatclothesisinsocialactivities.AsfarasIamconcerned,Ifullyagreewiththeauthor.Clothingplaysanunreplacablepartinmodernsociety.Justlikewhatthewriterhassaid,puttingoncertaintypesofclothingcanchangeyourbehaviorandthebehaviorofothertowardsyou.Inmyopinion,clothingisthefirststepforotherstoknowaboutyou.What’smore,clothingwillgiveotherpeopleanimpressionofyou.Ifyoudresscorrectly,youmaygetmoreandmorepopularwiththem.Whetherotherswanttocommunicatewithyouornotdependsonyourclothingandbehavior,Ithink.Actually,Ibelievethatclothingexertsafar-reachinginfluenceonsocialactivities.Wearingtherightclothingisyourentrancetickettosomeextent.Thoughourforefatherstoldusnottojudgeapersonbyhisclothing,weshouldtakeafreshlookatthismatter.Thereisnodenyingthatclothingmeansalottous.Weneedclothingtoexchangeeachother’smessages.Clothingisanessentialpartwhichconsistsourlifeandthesocialactivities.Insummary,clothingplaysanimportantroleinoursociety.AswhatIhavesaidinthiscomposition,wecansafelydrawtheconclusionthatpeopleinallculturesuseclothingtocommunicatewithothers.Noonecanignoretheimportanceofclothing.No.04“SummaryofTheGuidScotsTongue”ThischapterismainlyaboutthedegenerationofScots:anoncenationalprideandprosperoustonguenow“haslostitsplaceasawrittenlanguage”.Thereasonsbeyondcanvaryfromhistorictopoliticalones.AnobjectivereasonistheriseandstandardizationofEnglish.TheessentialneedforestablishinganacademytoregulateEnglishlanguagewasassociatedwiththerapidadvancementofscienceandliteratureinEngland.Unfortunately,theideanevergainedground.ButDr.JohnsondevotedhislifetothecomplimentoftheDictionary,whichsignifiedthebeginningofstandardizationandthereignofEnglishtoitsneighborlanguages.ThecriticalswiftofScots’fatecouldtracebacktohistoriceventwhenJamesImovedtoEnglandandtookhiscrownasJamesVI.HeencouragedthespreadofsouthernEnglish,whichimmenselyassimilatedandinfiltratedmanyregionalvarietiesincludingScots.Manyscholars,forinstance,BurnsandSirWalterScottcontrivedtorestoretheplaceofScotsbymeansofScottishliterature,butthetrendofAnglicizationwasunstoppable.Scotshastobesuccumbedtoitsdestiny.Nowadays,Scottish-rootedimmigrantssustainedtheirdistinctivetonguebycountrymusic.Tosomeextend,theykeeppursuingthe“AuldLangSyne”—thegoodolddays.No.05“Resemblance”1.Tinabearsastrikingresemblancetohermother.2.Whathappensinthefilmbearslittleresemblancetowhatactuallyhappened.3.Althoughthefishhavelittleexternalresemblancetoeachother,skeletallytheyarequitesimilar.4.TheJapanesemapleleafbearsastrikingresemblancetoamarijuanaleaf.5.HewasdressedinthegarbofaCatholicpriestandheboreanuncannyresemblancetothenowlegendarySpencerTracy.6.Initsstructureandmethods,theprogrambearsastrongandnotaccidentalresemblancetotheUnitedStatesPeaceCorps.7.Thepoliciesofcentralbanksinthepost-coldwaryearsbearanuncannyresemblancetothoseofthe1920s.8.TheSovietambassadortotheUnitedNationsandotherofficialsnotedtheresemblancebetweenthetwoproposals.No.06“Problemsentences”Theperiodofthe2WorldWarwer