新視野大學(xué)英語第三版第四冊

新視野大學(xué)英語第三版第四冊第1頁/共87頁Warming-upReadingSkillsTextStudyComparativeStudyContentsUnitProjectBSectionAworldwidefoodcrisis?第2頁/共87頁3Warming-upLead-inBackgroundInformationBSectionAworldwidefoodcrisis?第3頁/共87頁VideoWatching1.Whatcanwefindaboutthefoodfromthevideo?TipsTips2.Whatpoliticswillbecarriedoutforthefoodcrisis?第4頁/共87頁5Back第5頁/共87頁Theworldfoodpricessoaredby6percentbecause

ofunfavorableweatherconditions.Thefoodharvestsisdowninmanycountries.Morepeoplearegoingtobedhungry.Afoodcrisisislooming.…Tips1.Whatcanwefindaboutthefoodfromthevideo?第6頁/共87頁7Providehelptotheneedy.Treasureandeconomizeonfood.Forbidbiofuelsproducedbyfood.…2.Whatshouldwedotomeetthefoodcrisis?Tips第7頁/共87頁81.Whathappenedinthe2007-2008worldfood

pricecrisis?2.Whatwasthemainreasonofthe2007-2008

worldfoodpricecrisis?TipsTips第8頁/共87頁9Worldfoodpricesincreaseddramaticallyin2007andinthefirstandsecondquartersof2008,creatingaglobalcrisisandcausingpoliticalandeconomicalinstabilityandsocialunrestinbothdevelopinganddevelopednations.1.Whathappenedinthe2007-2008worldfoodpricecrisis?Tips第9頁/共87頁102.Whatwasthemainreasonofthe2007-2008worldfoodpricecrisis?TipsInitialcausesofthe2007-2008pricespikesincludeddroughtsingrain-producingnationsandrisingoilprices.Oilpriceincreasesalsocausedgeneralescalationsinthecostsoffertilizers,foodtransportation,andindustrialagriculture.Rootcausesmaybetheincreasinguseofbiofuelsindevelopedcountriesandanincreasingdemandforamorevarieddietacrosstheexpandingmiddle-classpopulationsofAsia.Allofthesefactors,coupledwithfallingworldfoodstockpiles,contributedtotheworldwideriseoffoodprices.第10頁/共87頁11

ReadingSkillsPresentationoftheSkillReadingSkillPracticeBSectionAworldwidefoodcrisis?第11頁/共87頁12Asweknow,everyauthorwritesforapurpose.Therearethreecommonpurposesofwriting:toinform–toprovidethereaderwithinformationaboutatopic;topersuade–toconvincethereadertobelieveacertainviewpointortotakeacertaincourseofaction;toentertain–toamusethereaderinsomeway.Identifyingtheauthor’spurpose第12頁/共87頁13Therearecluesthateffectivereaderscanusetohelpthemidentifywhatkindofwritingthey’redealingwith.Informativewritingfeaturesfactsandevidence,notopinionsorvaluejudgments.Itoftencontainsdates,statisticsorotherfigures,orquotesfromexpertsorwitnesses.Dependingonthesubject,thelanguagemayormaynotincludetechnicalterms.Identifyingtheauthor’spurpose第13頁/共87頁14Persuasivewritingfeaturesevidenceand/oremotionalappeals:opinionsandarguments,rhetoricalquestions,evaluatinglanguageandjudgmentallanguageopposingviewsorcounter-arguments.Textswrittenmainlytoentertaincanbevaried.Theyoftenuseinformallanguage,simplesentencestructures,dialogs,orfigurativespeeches.Identifyingtheauthor’spurpose第14頁/共87頁15Forexample,textAisacause-and-effectessaywithapersuasivepurpose.Youmighthaveaskedyourselfsomequestionsandmadesomepredictions.Thequestionscouldhavebeen:Whatcanyoulearnfromthetitle“Thecomingenergycrisis”?Whereisthejudgmentallanguageusedinthetext?Whataretheauthor’spersonalopinions?Identifyingtheauthor’spurpose第15頁/共87頁16LookatTextB.Readonlythetitle,thefirstparagraph,thefirstsentencesofParagraphs2-11,andthelastparagraph.Makepredictionsaboutthefollowingquestions.Previewing第16頁/共87頁17Willtherebeaworldwidefoodcrisis?Willcurrentfoodpricesstayhighandvolatile?Howcanwesolvetheproblemscausedbythefoodcrisis?QuestionsIdentifyingtheauthor’spurpose第17頁/共87頁TextStudyTextComprehensionLanguageFocusCriticalThinkingBSectionAworldwidefoodcrisis?第18頁/共87頁19ReadthetitleoftextBandpredictwhatmaybethetopicofthetextandwhatthewriter’spurposeis.Whydoestheauthorsaythatthefoodcrisiscanquicklybecomeaworldwidephenomenon?(Para.1)Accordingtothetext,theconsultancyfirmsdon’tthinkthefoodcrisiswillbeworldwide.Why?(Paras.2-3)Whatisthemainfactorthatwillcontributetohighfoodpricesoverthenextseveralyears?(Para.4)Whyisfoodnotlikegarmentsorotherproductstradedonworldmarkets?(Para.5)Whataretheenormousstructuralproblemswiththeagricultureindustrythathavecausedthegreatimbalancebetweensupplyanddemand.?(Paras.6-8)Whatadviceisgivenbytheauthortoneutralizethisproblemanddodgethefuturecrisis?(Paras.9-12)第19頁/共87頁201.ReadthetitleoftextBandpredictwhatmaybethetopicofthetextandwhatthewriter’spurposeis.TipsThetitleisaquestion.Byusingaquestionasthetitle,theauthortriestoattractthereaders’attentionandgetthemtothink.Fromthetitle,wecanseethatthearticleisaboutthepossibilityofaworldwidefoodcrisis.第20頁/共87頁212.Whydoestheauthorsaythatthefoodcrisiscanquicklybecomeaworldwidephenomenon?(Para.1)Tips

Recentdroughtsalongtheequator,andinRussiaandUkraine–twocountrieswhichaccountforone-fourthofworldwheatexports–causedwheatpricesurge.第21頁/共87頁22原句：Theyfearthesky-rocketinggraincostsin2007,whichharshlystrucktheworld’spoorandledtofoodriots,willrecur.(Para.1,L.5)解釋:Theyfearthattheexcessivelyhighgraincostsin2007,whichseriouslyhitthepoornationsoftheworldandcausedfood-relatedpublicviolence,willhappenagain.譯文：他們害怕2007年使世界窮人遭受重創(chuàng)并引發(fā)

食品騷亂的飛漲的糧食價(jià)格會再次出現(xiàn)。第22頁/共87頁23Stocksofwheatareatsufficientlyhighlevels,andharvestturnoutfromotherbigproducersisexpectedtostaystrong,meaningwheatpricesshouldeventuallycalmdownandlevel

off.3.Accordingtothetext,theconsultancyfirmsdon’tthink

thefoodcrisiswillbeworldwide.Why?(Paras.2-3)Tips第23頁/共87頁24原句：Istheirfeargrounded?Consultancyfirmsmeasuringthestatusofcommoditieslikewheatdon’tthinkso.(Para.2,L.1)解釋:Isthereagoodreasonforthemtofeelworried?Consultingfirmsthatstudytheconditionoftradegoodslikewheatdon’tthinkso.譯文：他們的擔(dān)心有根據(jù)嗎？負(fù)責(zé)對像小麥這樣的商品現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行評估的咨詢公司并不這樣認(rèn)為。第24頁/共87頁254.Whatisthemainfactorthatwillcontributetohigh

foodpricesoverthenextseveralyears?(Para.4)Tips

Thoughthereisagrowingglobalconsensusabouttheneedforreforminfarming,repairingworldagriculturalpracticesisexpensiveprocess,andwe’rereallyonlyatthebeginningofalongway.第25頁/共87頁26原句：We’rereallyonlyatthebeginningofalong,expensiveprocessofrepairingworldagriculturalpractices.(Para.4,L.6)解釋:Wehavereallyjuststartedalongandexpensiveprocessofreformingthetraditionalmethodsofagricultureintheworld.譯文：在修復(fù)全球農(nóng)業(yè)作業(yè)這樣一項(xiàng)耗時(shí)長、代價(jià)高的工作中，我們還只處于起步階段。第26頁/共87頁27Theissueoffoodisfilledwithemotion.Intermittentuncertaintyinfoodmarketswillanimatepeopletoactwhentheywouldotherwiseremaincalm.5.Whyisfoodnotlikegarmentsorotherproductstradedonworldmarkets?(Para.5)Tips第27頁/共87頁28原句：Theoverreactionofmarketplayerswillactlikeapistoltothehead,creatingacrisiswhennoneshouldexist.(Para.5,L.7)解釋:Theexcessivereactionofpeoplewhomanipulatethefoodmarketwillactlikeagunpointingatyourhead,causingacrisiswhichshouldnotoccur.譯文：市場操縱者如果反應(yīng)過度，其作用就如同指向頭部的手槍，會無中生有地制造危機(jī)。第28頁/共87頁296.Whataretheenormousstructuralproblemswiththeagricultureindustrythathavecausedthegreatimbalancebetweensupplyanddemand?(Paras.6-8)TipsGlobalfundingforruralinfrastructureortechnologicalresearchtokeepyieldsgrowinghasbeenverysmall.Moregraingetsturnedintolivestockfeedinsteadoffoodforpeople.Thenewdemandforbio-fuels.第29頁/共87頁30原句：Addinthenewdemandforbio-fuels,andyougetarecipefordisaster.(Para.8,L.3)解釋:Withthenewdemandforbio-fuelsaddedin,itisextremelylikelythatafoodcrisiswillhappen.譯文：再加上對生物燃料的新需求，災(zāi)難的發(fā)生就是可能的了。第30頁/共87頁317.Whatadviceisgivenbytheauthortoneutralizethisproblemanddodgethefuturecrisis?(Paras.9-12)TipsGivemoresubsidiestoagriculture.Createacoherentinternationalplantodealwithhunger.Buildthecapacityofthedevelopingworld.第31頁/共87頁32原句：Likeclimbingastaircase,wemustdoitcarefullyandconsistentlyifwearetoreachourgoalandpreventaglobalfoodcrisis.

(Para.12,L.3)解釋:Justlikeclimbingalongsetofstairs,wemustdoitcarefullyandwithconsistenteffortifwewanttoreachourgoalandpreventaworldwidefoodcrisis.譯文：如果我們要實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)并預(yù)防全球性的糧食危機(jī)的話，和爬樓梯一樣，我們必須謹(jǐn)慎而且堅(jiān)持如一。第32頁/共87頁33Aworldwidefoodcrisis?Today,thefoodcrisiscanquicklybecomea

phenomenon.Unlikein2007,thewheatpricesshouldeventually

and

.However,thefighttofeedtheworldwillbeahugechallengefacingtheglobaleconomyoverthenext20years.Thereareenormous

withtheagricultureindustrythathavecausedthegreat

betweensupplyanddemand.leveloffworldwidecalmdownimbalancestructuralproblems第33頁/共87頁34Firstly,globalfundingforruralinfrastructureortechnologicalresearchto

hasbeenverysmall.Secondly,citizensofwealthiercountrieshavegrown

toconsumingmorefoodthantheyneed.For

thefuturecrisis,wemustspendmoremoneyandtime.Weneedtodevelopthefoodproductionindevelopingcountries

.Wemustdoitcarefullyandconsistentlyifweareto

andpreventaglobalfoodcrisis.accustomedkeepyieldsgrowingdodgingtoalmostdoublereachourgoal第34頁/共87頁35PracticalPhrasesSpecificMeanings1.accountfor（在數(shù)量或比例上）占，占據(jù)2.calmdown恢復(fù)平靜；恢復(fù)正常3.leveloff變得平穩(wěn)；保持穩(wěn)定4.bestarvedof缺乏…5.runoutof用光…；耗盡…6.rescue…from...挽救；營救7.keep...atbay使某事物無法接近；防止某結(jié)果產(chǎn)生8.pointto表明（真相或重要性）第35頁/共87頁36（在數(shù)量或比例上）占，占據(jù)(accountfor/commercialelectricityconsumption)Computersaccountfor5percentofthecountry’scommercialelectricityconsumption.accountfor短語逆譯短語應(yīng)用電腦用電占這個(gè)國家商業(yè)用電的5%。意群提示第36頁/共87頁37恢復(fù)平靜；恢復(fù)正常calmdown短語逆譯(calmdown)Thesituationhereisreallybad.You’dbetterstaywithafriendorrelativeuntilthingscalm

down.短語應(yīng)用這里的情況實(shí)在糟糕。在一切恢復(fù)平靜之前，你最好呆在朋友或親戚那兒。意群提示第37頁/共87頁變得平穩(wěn)；保持穩(wěn)定(forashortwhile/somewhathigher/leveloff)Thereportsays,forashortwhile,meatpricesmaybesomewhathigher,butwithinafewweekstheywilllevelofftoaveryreasonablelevel.leveloff短語逆譯短語應(yīng)用這份報(bào)告說，肉價(jià)短期內(nèi)也許偏高，但幾周內(nèi)會穩(wěn)定到合理的價(jià)位水平。意群提示第38頁/共87頁39缺乏…(peopleinthisregion/bestarvedofsth./drinkingwater)Peopleinthisregionarestarvedofdrinkingwater.bestarvedofsth.短語逆譯短語應(yīng)用這個(gè)地區(qū)的人們?nèi)狈︼嬘盟?。意群提示?9頁/共87頁用光…；耗盡…(runningoutof/preparesomethingspecialfor/)I’mrunningoutoftimetopreparesomethingspecialforValentine’sDay.runoutofsth.短語逆譯短語應(yīng)用我用來為情人節(jié)做點(diǎn)特別準(zhǔn)備的時(shí)間所剩不多了。意群提示第40頁/共87頁挽救；營救(rescuesth./sb.fromsth./sb./lifeboats)Aretheystillrescuingpeoplefromthelifeboats?rescuesth./sb.fromsth./sb.短語逆譯短語應(yīng)用他們?nèi)匀辉趶木壬е芯热藛?？意群提示?1頁/共87頁42使某事物無法接近；防止某結(jié)果產(chǎn)生(spray/keepmosquitoesatbay)Manypeopleusethespraytokeepmosquitoesatbay.keep/holdsth.atbay短語逆譯短語應(yīng)用許多人都用這種噴劑驅(qū)蚊子。意群提示第42頁/共87頁表明（真相或重要性）(pointto/humanresourcesmanagement)Theresultsofthesurveypointtotheneedforchangesinhumanresourcesmanagementinourhospitals.pointto短語逆譯短語應(yīng)用調(diào)查結(jié)果表明我們醫(yī)院的人事管理需要做些調(diào)整。意群提示第43頁/共87頁FunctionalPatternsFunctions&Usages1.Thereisagrowing…about…用于表達(dá)“人們對…有越來越多的…”。2.Allsignpostspointto…用于表達(dá)“所有的跡象都表明…”。3.Itdoesn’ttakeanoracletoforetellthat…用于表達(dá)“毫無疑問，未來將會發(fā)生…”。4.havetheforesightto用于表達(dá)“有遠(yuǎn)見”第44頁/共87頁Moreandmorepeopleareintriguedbytheissueandthereisagrowingglobalconsensusabouttheneedforreforminfarming.(Para.4,L5)句型提煉現(xiàn)在越來越多的人對這一問題表示出興趣，對農(nóng)業(yè)耕作進(jìn)行改革的需要也獲得全球越來越廣泛的認(rèn)同。原句譯文逆譯練習(xí)第45頁/共87頁46Thereisagrowing…about…句型提煉應(yīng)用提示用于表達(dá)“人們對…有越來越多的…”

。句型應(yīng)用第46頁/共87頁47(dramaticnews/Thereisagrowing…about…)Despitetheoftendramaticnewsinthepress,thereisagrowinginterestaboutthiscity,particularlyitshistoryandculture.典型例句盡管經(jīng)常有戲劇性的消息見諸媒體，人們對這座城市,尤其是它的歷史與文化,越來越感興趣。意群提示第47頁/共87頁所有的跡象都表明，有必要把發(fā)展中國家的糧食產(chǎn)量翻一番。原句譯文逆譯練習(xí)Allsignpostspointtotheneedforfoodproductionindevelopingcountriestoalmostdouble.(Para.11,L1)句型提煉第48頁/共87頁49Allsignpostspointto…句型提煉應(yīng)用提示用于表達(dá)“所有的跡象都表明…”。句型應(yīng)用第49頁/共87頁50(allsignpostspointto/brightfuture)Allsignpostspointtoabrightfutureforusall.典型例句所有的跡象都表明我們都有著光明的前途。意群提示第50頁/共87頁未來20年，讓世界上所有人都吃飽飯將是全球經(jīng)濟(jì)所面臨的巨大挑戰(zhàn)，這一點(diǎn)很明確，不需要通過行家來預(yù)言。原句譯文逆譯練習(xí)Itdoesn’ttakeanoracletoforetellthatthefighttofeedtheworldwillbeahugechallengefacingtheglobaleconomyoverthenext20years.(Para.4,L1)句型提煉第51頁/共87頁52Itdoesn’ttakeanoracletoforetellthat…句型提煉應(yīng)用提示用于表達(dá)“毫無疑問，未來將會發(fā)生…”。句型應(yīng)用第52頁/共87頁53(itdoesn’ttakeanoracletoforetell)Itdoesn’ttakeanoracletoforetellthatourtrainingwillequipusforthefuturejob.典型例句毫無疑問，我們的訓(xùn)練使得我們能夠勝任將來的工作。意群提示第53頁/共87頁54印度、塞內(nèi)加爾等一些國家的議員、立法人員及政府機(jī)構(gòu)已經(jīng)獨(dú)具慧眼地認(rèn)識到了這一事實(shí)，并且正在給予農(nóng)業(yè)更多的資助。原句譯文逆譯練習(xí)Councilors,legislatorsandbureaucraticagenciesofsomecountrieslikeIndiaandSenegalhavehadtheforesighttorealizethisfactandaregivingmoresubsidiestoagriculture.(Para.9,L4)句型提煉第54頁/共87頁55hadtheforesightto句型提煉應(yīng)用提示用于表達(dá)“有遠(yuǎn)見”

。句型應(yīng)用第55頁/共87頁56(havetheforesightto/lookatadistantobjective/standupagainst)Thewisestofleadershavetheforesighttolookatadistantobjectiveandinitsnamestandupagainstallpressures.典型例句最明智的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人具有遠(yuǎn)見卓識，可以高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚，并為了遙遠(yuǎn)的目標(biāo)而抗拒一切壓力。意群提示第56頁/共87頁1.重創(chuàng)harshlystruck2.短暫的安心temporarysecurity3.揭示的現(xiàn)實(shí)不容樂觀disclosearealitynotsooptimistic

4.充滿感情色彩befilledwithemotion

5.時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)的不確定性intermittentuncertainty

6.有兩面性haveadualnature

7.大規(guī)模挨餓large-scalestarvation

8.規(guī)避未來的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)dodgethefuturecrisis

9.食物鏈上的高端食品foodshigheruponthefoodchain第57頁/共87頁

a.Theoverreactionofmarketplayerswillactlikeapistoltothehead,creatingacrisiswhennoneshouldexist.

市場操縱者如果反應(yīng)過度，其作用就如同指向頭部的手槍，會無中生有地制造危機(jī)。第58頁/共87頁59

b.Theseproblemshaveadualnature,onepartofitontheproductionside,andtheotherontheconsumptionside.

這些問題具有兩面性，一個(gè)是生產(chǎn)方面的，另一個(gè)是消費(fèi)方面的。第59頁/共87頁

c.Theydesirenotonlythebasicessentialsoflife,butalsomoresophisticatedtechnologieslikeautomobilesthatusebio-fuels!

他們不僅渴望生活的必需品，也渴望享受高端的技術(shù)產(chǎn)品，比如使用生物燃料的汽車！第60頁/共87頁

如果我們要實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)并預(yù)防全球性的糧食危機(jī)的話，和爬樓梯一樣，我們必須謹(jǐn)慎而且堅(jiān)持如一。

d.Likeclimbingastaircase,wemustdoitcarefullyandconsistentlyifwearetoreachourgoalandpreventaglobalfoodcrisis.第61頁/共87頁Tips1.Besidesthefactorsmentionedinthetext,whatotherfactorsdoyouthinkcancause

foodpricestorise?2.Whatproblemscanbecausediffoodpricesrisetooquickly?3.WhateffectivemeasurescanbetakenforChinatoavoidfoodcrises?TipsTips第62頁/共87頁631.

Besidesthefactorsmentionedinthetext,whatotherfactorsdoyouthinkcancausefoodcriestorise?TipsOtherfactorswhichcancausefoodpricestorisemayinclude:risingoilprices,climatechange,naturaldisasters,commoditymarketspeculation.第63頁/共87頁642.

Whatproblemscanbecausediffoodpricesrisetooquickly?TipsFamilieswillbeforcedtoallocatealargershareoftheirincometomilk,breadandotherbasics,andtheywillbeunabletospendasmuchonclothes,toys,entertainmentandotherthings,affectingoverallconsumerspending.2)Peoplewilleatcheaper,lesshealthyfood,

whichcanhavebadlifelongeffectsonthephysicalwell-beingofthem.第64頁/共87頁Ensureafairdistributionoffoodsuppliestoallowenoughnutritionalfoodsforeveryone.Assistdevelopmentofsustainableagriculturalpractices.Dropplansforbio-fuelsastransportfuelandfocusinsteadondoublingvehicleefficiencyandreducingdemandforfuel.…Tips3.WhateffectivemeasurescanbetakenforChinatoavoidfoodcrises?第65頁/共87頁TalkaboutaChineseslangminyishiweitian（民以食為天

）.第66頁/共87頁TheChineseslang民以食為天isequalto“foodsecurity”,whichmeans“whenallpeopleatalltimeshaveaccesstosufficient,safe,nutritiousfoodtomaintainahealthyandactivelife”.TipsHowdoyouunderstandtheChineseslangminyishiweitian

（民以食為天

）?第67頁/共87頁68Thematicstudy

ComparativestudyThematicStudyLanguageFeaturesAnalysisBSectionAworldwidefoodcrisis?第68頁/共87頁692.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’spurposefromthetext?1.What’stheauthor’spurposewecanlearnfromthetitle?Illustrateitsimportanceforthetext.TipsTips第69頁/共87頁Tips1.What’stheauthor’spurposewecanlearnfromthetitle?Illustrateitsimportanceforthetext.Thetitle“Thecomingenergycrisis”suggeststhatthearticleislikelytobepersuasiveinpurpose.Asisknown,itisonlyaroughpredictionthattherewillbeanenergycrisisin

theworldsoonratherthanasoundconclusion.So,thetitleissimplyastatementoftheauthor’spersonalopinionratherthananactualfact.第70頁/共87頁71Tips2.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’spurposefromthetext?Afterreadingthetext,wecanlearnthat,throughprovidingthereasons(i.e.explainingtheproblemsofvarioustypesofenergysources),theauthortriestoconvinceusthatasevereenergycrisisiscoming,andeffectivesolutionshavetobefoundtodealwithit.第71頁/共87頁72

Basedonyourstudyofthistext,givethewritingstylesofthetextintermsofitstypicallanguagefeatures.第72頁/共87頁1.Whatarethetypicallanguagefeaturesofthistext?2.Listmoreexamplesfromthetexttosupportyourideas.TipsTips第73頁/共87頁1.What