語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)一：句子成分；簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句

第第頁(yè)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)一：句子成分；簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句〔二〕主語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所表達(dá)的主體，一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句〔當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不疑問詞時(shí)〕和倒裝句中，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。例如：

Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.〔名詞〕

WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.〔代詞〕

One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.〔數(shù)詞〕

Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.〔不定式〕

Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.〔動(dòng)名詞〕

Therichshouldhelpthepoor.〔名詞化的形容詞〕

WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.〔主語(yǔ)從句〕

Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.〔it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的`不定式〕

〔三〕謂語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)說明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下：

1、簡(jiǎn)潔謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.

2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：〔1〕由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.〔2〕由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：Wearestudents.

〔四〕表語(yǔ)：表語(yǔ)用以說明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞〔如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等〕之后。表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞及表語(yǔ)從句表示。例如：

OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.〔名詞〕

Isityours?〔代詞〕

Theweatherhasturnedcold.〔形容詞〕

Thespeechisexciting.〔分詞〕

Threetimessevenistwentyone?〔數(shù)詞〕

HisjobistoteachEnglish.〔不定式〕

Hishobby〔愛好〕isplayingfootball.〔動(dòng)名詞〕

Themachinemustbeoutoforder.〔介詞短語(yǔ)〕

Timeisup.Theclassisover.〔副詞〕

Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.〔表語(yǔ)從句〕

〔五〕賓語(yǔ)：賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如：

Theywenttoseeanexhibition〔展覽〕yesterday.〔名詞〕

Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.〔代詞〕

Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.〔數(shù)詞〕

Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.〔名詞化形容詞〕

Hepretendednottoseeme.〔不定式短語(yǔ)〕

Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.〔動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)〕

Ithink〔that〕heisfitforhisoffice.〔賓語(yǔ)從句〕

賓語(yǔ)種類：〔1〕雙賓語(yǔ)〔間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)〕，例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.〔2〕復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)〔賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)〕，例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.

〔六〕賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，才能使句子的意義完好。帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的一般句型為：某些及物動(dòng)詞〔如make等+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)〕。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。例如：

HisfathernamedhimDongming.〔名詞〕

Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.〔形容詞〕

Letthefreshairin.〔副詞〕

Youmustn'tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.〔不定式短語(yǔ)〕

Wesawherenteringtheroom.〔如今分詞〕

Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.〔介詞短語(yǔ)〕

Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.〔從句〕

〔七〕定語(yǔ)：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱為定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示：

Guilinisabeautifulcity.〔形容詞〕

Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.〔分詞〕

Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.〔名詞〕

HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.〔代詞〕

Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.〔不定式短語(yǔ)〕

Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.〔動(dòng)名詞〕

HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.〔介詞短語(yǔ)〕

〔八〕狀語(yǔ)：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語(yǔ)?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆?/p>

Lighttravelsmostquickly.〔副詞及副詞性詞組〕

Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.〔介詞短語(yǔ)〕

Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.〔不定式短語(yǔ)〕

Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.〔分詞短語(yǔ)〕

Waitaminute.〔名詞〕

Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.〔狀語(yǔ)從句〕

狀語(yǔ)種類如下：

Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?〔時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)〕

Lastnightshedidn'tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.〔緣由狀語(yǔ)〕

Ishallgothereifitdoesn'train.〔條件狀語(yǔ)〕

MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.〔地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)〕

Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.〔方式狀語(yǔ)〕

Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.〔伴隨狀語(yǔ)〕

Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.〔目的狀語(yǔ)〕

Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.〔結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)〕

Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.〔讓步狀語(yǔ)〕

Iamtallerthanheis.〔比較狀語(yǔ)〕

練習(xí)一

一、指出以下句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：

1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.

2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.

3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.

4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!

5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.

6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.

7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.

8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.

9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.

10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.

11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.

12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.

13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.

14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?

15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.

16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?

17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.

18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.

19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.

20.Theapplestastedsweet.

二、用符號(hào)劃出以下短文各句中的主語(yǔ)〔-〕、謂語(yǔ)〔＝〕、賓語(yǔ)〔～〕：

Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asa