2022-2023年湖南省益陽(yáng)市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)模擬考試(含答案)

2022-2023年湖南省益陽(yáng)市大學(xué)英語(yǔ)6級(jí)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)模擬考試(含答案)學(xué)校:________班級(jí):________姓名:________考號(hào):________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

SomepeoplethoughtthatNASAactedouttheApolloprograminmoviestudiospartiallybecausethepicturestransmittedfromthemoondonotinclude______.

2.

Thesealevelriseismainlycausedby______triggeredbyuncheckedgreenhousegasemissions.

3.

Ithasbeenprovedthatthegeodesicdomeis______humanshelter.

4.

Foranexam,thecrammeralwayschoosetowaituntil______.

5.What'stherightactivityforme?

Whoeveryouare,there'sanactivityforyou.Andjustasgettingfitterdoesn'thavetomeanpushingyourselftothelimitsofyourendurance,youdon'thavetobetechnicallybrilliantataparticularsporttoderivepleasureandhealthbenefitsfromit.

Somepeopleholdbackfromgettingfitbecausetheyfeelself-consciousabouttheirabilityorbodyandwanttofindanactivitytheycandoontheirown,butorganizedclassesandsportsclubscanprovideyouwithsupportandmotivation,aswellasachancetomakenewfriends.

Ifyou'reinterestedinfootball,hockeyorotherteamsports,forexample,manylocalclubswillhaveseveralteamsofvaryingabilities,whilethereareplentyofaerobics(有氧健身)oryogaclassesspecificallydesignedtocaterforbeginners.

You'renevertoooldtolearntoswim,oryoucantakeclassestoimproveyourtechniqueifthat'swhat'sholdingyouback.

Butmanyactivitiescanbedonebyyourself,andrequireneithertechnicalexpertisenormuchinthewayofequipmentorexpensjustyourwillingnesstogiveitago.

Herearesomeofthebest,easiestandmostpopularwaystostartgettingfit,aswellassomesuggestionsforalternatives,thatgetyoustartedorputyouintouchwithalocalclub.

Walking

Mostofuswalkatsomepointeachdaybutwedoitfarlessthanweusedto.Thegovernmentcalculatesthere'sbeenadeclineofmorethan20percentinthenumberofmileswalkedsincethemid-1980s.

Butwalkingisthesimplestandcheapestofallexercises,andmakingitaregularactivityandfocusingontheintensityordistancecoveredcangreatlyiflcreaseyourfitness.

Walkingimprovestheconditionofyourheartandlungsandworksthemusclesofthelowerbody.It'saweight-bearingactivity,soitmayimprovebonedensity,yetit'salsolowimpact,puttinglessstressonthejointsthansomeotherformsofexercise.

Asidefromthehealthbenefitsofwalking,someofthecountry'smostbeautifulscenerycanonlybeaccessedonfoot,soifyoudon'ttrywalking,thinkwhatyou'redenyingyourself.Ifyou'reanovice,goingroupsoraspartofanorganizedoutingviaaramblersclub.

Walkinguphillsexpendsmoreenergyevenwalkingdownagainusesmoreenergythanwalkingontheflat,butifyoudon'tthinkyou'rereadyforthehillsyet.boostyourfitnessbywalkingjustaboutanywhere.

Youcouldtrypowerwalkinginthepark.Forexample：theideaistowalkatsuchafastpacethatitwouldactuallybeeasiertobrcakintoarun.Youburnmorecalorieswalkingatthisspeedthanyouwouldrunningatthesamepace.

Running/jogging

Runningmightjustbetheultimatewaytogetfit：it'scheap,canbedoneanywhere,atanytimeand,mostimportantly,isveryeffective.There'sreallynodifferencebetweenrunningandjogging,althoughjoggingisoftenusedtodescriberunningataslowpace.Whateveryoucallit,allyouneedisagoodpairofrunningshoesandalittleenthusiasm.

Aslongasyou'rehealthyandtakeiteasytostartwith,anyonecanrun.Ifyouhaveahistoryofcertaindiseaseslikechestpain.highbloodpressure,orhavehadrecentsurgeryorarepregnant,consultadoctorfirst.Asahigh-impactactivity,runningmaymaintainorincreasebonedensity.Butitcanalsoputmorestressonyourjointsthanlowerimpactactivitiessuchaswalkingandcycling,especiallyifyou'reoverweight.Again,ifyou'reconcerned,consultyourdoctor.

Aswithallexercise,youmustwarmupfirst.Startbywalkingatabriskpace,thengraduallybreakintoaslowjog.Runatapaceatwhichyoucanstillholdaconversation,butwhichdefinitelyfeelsharderthanwalking.Ifyou'regettingtoobre

A.offerreadersinformationaboutsportsactivities

B.persuadereaderstotrycheapwaysofexercise

C.attractpotentialathletestoregisterforsportsevents

D.askpeopletodonateinordertodeveloppublicsports

6.

RosaParksenjoyedacarefreechildhood.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.Manypeopleexpectedthemedicinestheytooktobesafewhenthemedicinescostalot.

8.

Differentfromanimals,thetreesinfluencetheearth'satmosphereby______.

A.expellingcarbondioxidefromtheirleaves

B.expellingoxygenfromtheirleaves

C.directlyreducetheblanketofgases

D.turningsomecarbondioxideintolignin

9.

In1955,ablackwomannamedRosaParksrefusedtogiveherseattoawhiteperson.Thisactof______startedprotestsinMontgomerythatledtolegalchangesinminorityrightsintheUnitedStates.

10.Accordingtotheauthor,ifonechoosestotravelwithfewerpossessions,he______.

A.islikelytoenjoyhimselfmore

B.willbeabletotravelmuchcheaper

C.tendstobuyhomemorelocalspecialtyproducts

D.willprobablymakewiserpurchaseontheroad

11.

TheBushAdministrationopposestighteningthearsenicstandardfordrinkingwater.

A.YB.NC.NG

12.

Itis______thatcausemostofthedeathsinahurricaneortropicalstorm.

13.

Atsunamioccurswhenthereisashiftin______.

14.

Czerwinskifoundthatnootherchangetoacomputersystemcouldmoresignificantlyimproveauser'sproductivitythan______.

15.

Theexamplethatprimitivepeoplecarriedstonetoolswiththemindicateshumanepisodicmemory______.

16.

Asuccessfultaglineshouldnotfocusonthefeaturesofabrandname,butits______.

17.

Between1920and1940,somepeoplewereawareofthelinkbetween______.

18.

Trustisamatterof______ratherthanoftechnique.

19.

EvidenceshowsthattheuseofastronomicknowledgeofastronomygreatlyaffectedthelifeoftheMayas.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.Rainforests

Tropicalrainforestsarethemostdiverseecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng))onEarth,andalsotheoldest.Today,tropicalrainforestscoveronly6percentoftheEarth'sgroundsurface,buttheyarehometooverhalfoftheplanet'splantandanimalspecies.

WhatIsaRainforest?

Generallyspeaking,arainforestisanenvironmentthatreceiveshighrainfallandisdominatedbytalltress.Awiderangeofecosystemsfallintothiscategory,ofcourse.Butmostofthetimewhenpeopletalkaboutrainforests,theymeanthetropicalrainforestslocatedneattheequator.

Theseforestsraceivebetween160and400inchesofrainperyear.Thetotalannualrainfallisspreadprettyevenlythroughouttheyear,andthetemperaturerarelydipsbelow60degreesFahrenheit.

Thissteadyclimateisduetothepositionofrainforestsonthegolbe.BecauseoftheorientationoftheEarth'saxis,theNorthernandSouthernhemisphereseachspendpartoftheyeartiltedawayfromthesun.Sincerainforestsareatthemiddleoftheglobe,locatedneartheequator,theyarenotespeciallyaffectedbythischange.Theyreceivenearlythesameamountofsunlight,andthereforeheat,allyear.Consequently,theweatherintheseregionsremainsfairlyconstant.

Theconsistentlywet,warmweatherandamplesunlightgiveplantlifeeverythingitneedstothrive.Treeshavetheresourcestogrowtotremendousheights,andtheyliveforhundreds,eventhousands,ofyears.Thesegiants,whichreach60to150Itintheair,form.thebasicstructureoftherainforest.Theirtopbranchesspreadwideinordertocapturemaximumsunlight.Thiscreatesathickcanopy(樹冠)levelatthetopoftheforest,withthinnergreenerylevelsunderneath.Somelargetreesgrowsotallthattheyeventoweroverthecanopylayer.

Asyougolower,downintotherainforest,youfindlessandlessgreenery.Theforestfloorismadeupofmoss,fungi,anddecayingplantmatterthathasfallenfromtheupperlayers.Thereasonforthisdecreaseingreeneryisverysimple:Theoverabundanceofplandtsgatheringsunlightatthetopoftheforestblocksmostsunlightfromreachingthebottomoftheforest,makingitdifficultforrobustplantstothrive.

TheForestfortheTrees

Theamplesunlightandextremelywetclimateofmanytropicalareasencouragethegrowthoftoweringtreeswithwidecanopies.Thisthicktoplayeroftherainforestdictatesthelivesofallotherplantsintheforest.Newtreeseedlingsrarelysurvivetomakeintothetopunlesssomeoldertreesdie,creatinga"hole"inthecanopy.Whenthishappens,alloftheseedlingsonthegroundlevelcompeteintenselytoreachthesunlight.

Manyplantspeciesreachthetopoftheforestbyclimbingthetalltrees.Itismucheasiertoascendthisway,becausetheplantdoes'shavetoform.itsownsupportingstructure.

Someplantspecies,calledepiphytes,growdirectlyonthesurfaceofthegianttress.Theseplants,whichincludeavarietyoforchidsandferns,makeupmuchoftheunderstory,thelayeroftherainforestrightbelowthecanopy.Epiphytesareclose,enoughtothetoptoreceiveadequatelight,andtherunofffromthecanopylayerprovidesallthewaterandnutrients(養(yǎng)分)theyneed,whichisimportantsincetheydon'thaveaccesstothenutrientsintheground.

tranglersandButtresses

Sameepiphyteseventuallydevelopintostranglers.Theygrowlong,thickrootsthatextenddownthetreetrunkintothe

A.YB.NC.NG

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(28)

A.Hisnotinterferingduringagame.

B.Hismakingconstantsubstitutions.

C.Hisgivingpeopleautonomy.

D.Hisdroppingplayersfromtheteamwithoutexplanation.

22.聽力原文：M:Youdidn'tsayanythingatyesterday'smeeting.Don'tyouthinkitwasasuccess?

W:Iwasreallyfascinatedbywhateveryspeakersaid.

Q:Whydidn'tthewomansayanythingatthemeeting?

(17)

A.Shedidn'tthinkitasuccess.

B.Shewaslisteningtooattentivelytothespeakers.

C.Shewaspuzzledbywhatthespeakerssaid.

D.Shehadnothingtosay.

23.(25)

A.Designingvariousquestionnaires.

B.Makingsurveysinfactories.

C.Makinganalysisonstatistics.

D.Writingreportsaboutquestionnaires.

24.聽力原文：W:YouarealwaysworkingaroundthehouseonSaturday,paintinganddoingrepairs.Youmustenjoyit.

M:Notreally.I'dratherrelaxorgofishing,butSaturdayistheonlydayIhavetogetanythingdone.BythetimeIgethomefromworkduringtheweek,Iamsotired.

Q:WhatdoesthemanusuallydoonSaturday?

(19)

A.Heworksathome.

B.Herelaxes.

C.Hepaintspictures.

D.Hegoesfishing.

25.(43)

26.聽力原文：Ofallthemethodsofdiscoveringnewideas,DisneyduringtheEisneryearshadoneofthemostunconventional.Modeledaftera1970stelevisionprogram,Disney's"GongShow"wasabighitwithmanagersandordinaryemployeesalike.

Threetimesayear,Eisnerandtwoofhistopassistantswoulddevoteadaytolisteningtoanybodyandeverybody—secretaries,setdesigners,themeparkemployees—whowantedtoproposeanidea.Asmanyas40peoplewereallowedtoperform,presentorotherwiseselltheirideauntilaloudgongwouldsignalthattimewasup.Then,afteralltheideaswereexpressed,Eisnerandhismanagerswoulddiscusseachoneandmakeadecision.

AccordingtoPeterSchneider,presidentofDisneyfeaturesatthetime,mostofDisney'scartoonmoviesoriginatedfromthesesessions,asdidtheideaforDisney'sretailstores.Mostorganizationsdon'tinviteideaswithsuchinsight,nordotheygiveinstantfeedbackormakequick"yesorno"decisions.

"Inmostcompaniesthereisnoobviousstrategyforselectingorevenevaluatingideas,"concludestheAmericanManagementAssociation'ssurveyof1,356globalmanagers.Nearlyhalfofrespondentsreportedthattheirfirms"don'thaveastandardpolicyforevaluatingideas".Andonly17%saidtheyuseanindependentreviewprocesstoevaluateideas.

Aneffective,transparentselectionprocessisessentialtosystematicinnovation.Withoutone,ideashavenopathtowardgainingfundingandresourcesandimplementation.Thispowerresidesinthetopoftheorganization,andassociatesarereluctanttoassertthemselves.Anestablishedreviewprocessinvitesparticipationbythosewhosejobisnotspecificallyinnovation.Itconnectsyour"ideafunnel"toyour"ideapipeline"andacceleratestheflowofideas.

Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

33.What'sthepurposeofDisneyhavingthe"GongShow"?

34.WhatdowelearnaboutEisner?

35.ComparedwithDisney,whatdomostorganizationsdo?

(30)

A.Toshowitsnewmovies.

B.Tohavemoreinnovations.

C.Toinvitemorepeopletoitsparks.

D.Togiveincentivesandbonustoallitsemployees.

27.(16)

A.Rome.B.London.C.Madrid.D.Paris.

28.(34)

A.HeenviedRichard'smarriage.

B.HewasguiltyofRichard'sdeath.

C.Hefeltluckywithnorivalintown.

D.HethoughtofRichardfromtimetotime.

29.聽力原文：W:Ihavetogototheothersideofthetown,butit'stherushhournow.

M:Drivingisnottheidealway.Ialwaystakethesubwayatthistimeoftheday.

Q:Accordingtotheman,whatisthebetterwaytogototheothersideofthetown?

(13)

A.Drivingacar.

B.Takingataxi.

C.Takingatrain.

D.Goingbysubway.

30.(17)

A.Shemoansthemanshouldgiveuppreparingthelessons.

B.Shemeansthemanshouldpreparethemoreimportantlessons.

C.Shemoansthemanshouldgetupearlytopreparehislessons,

D.Shemeansthemanistooexhaustedtopreparethelessons.

31.(14)

A.Heisnotthatfarawayifshewantstovisit.

B.Hedoesn'tbelievethatshewillreallymisshim.

C.Hewelcomesherphonecallsanytime.

D.Hewilltelephoneherasoftenashecan.

32.

【B11】

33.

【B7】

34.

【B3】

35.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

聽力原文：M:HowdidSallygowithherpresentationlastnight?

W:Nosoonerhadshebegunherpresentationthanthemicrophonebroke.

Q:WhatcanwelearnaboutSally?

(12)

A.Shebrokethemicrophone.

B.Shewasinterruptedbyaphonecallduringherpresentation.

C.Sheisplanningtogiveherpresentationassoonasthemicrophoneisfixed.

D.Themicrophonebrokejustasshebeganherpresentation

36.聽力原文：Atthetheater,shedisruptsthefirstactassheclimbsoveryourkneestowardherseat.WhenyourdoorbellringsonaSaturdaynight,longafteryourotherguestshavebeguneating,youknowhehasarrivedfordinner.Atwork,youdon'texpectheratyour9:00a.m.meeting.

Theyarethelatecomersanditdoesn'tmatteriftheywearawatchoruseanalarmdock.Latenessistheirwayoflife.

Chroniclatenesshasspoiledfriendships,andahabitthathascausedpeopletolosetheirjob.Why,then,aresomanypeoplelate?

"Notarrivingontimecanbeaform.ofavoidance,"saysDr.RichardKravitz,apsychiatristatYaleNewHavenMedicalCenterinConnecticut."Youarelateforaparty,orcominghomefromwork,becauseyoudon'twanttobewhereyou'resupposedtobe."Otherreasonsforchroniclatenessaremorecomplex.Dr.Kravitzsuggeststhatsomelatecomersknowthattheirlatenesswillcauseanger,andthisservestheirdeepneedtobepunished.Alternatively,somelatecomershaveatendencytoforcesomeonetowait,whichisawayofexpressingangerorresentment.

Asforthoseofuswhowait,ifwecansetlimitsastohowlongwewillstaybeforeleavingwhenappropriate,wecanmakeourangerknown.Andthoughitistruethatbeingpromptcanbeascompulsiveasbeinglate,Shakespeareadvisedthis:"Betterthreehourstoosoonthanaminutetoolate."

(33)

A.Itindicatesthatlatecomersdon'tcareaboutothers'time.

B.Itindicatesthatlatecomersalwaysignoreotherpeople'sfeeling.

C.Itindicatesthatlatecomersenjoybeinglookedatbyothers.

D.Itindicatesthatlatenessistheirwayoflife.

37.聽力原文：W:Haveyougotthenewsthatthemanagerwillbetransferredtotheheadquartersofourcompany?

M:Really?Whowillbeournewmanager?

Q:Whatdoesthemanwanttoknow?

(15)

A.Whereisthemanagernow?

B.Whowillbehisnewmanager?

C.Whetherhismanagerisill.

D.Whenthemanagerwillgototheheadquarters.

38.(29)

A.Becauseshecannotfindahusbandforherself.

B.Becausethefemalespiderislargerthanthemaleone.

C.Becausethefemalespiderofteneatsherhusband.

D.Becausesheisablackfemalespider.

39.【B10】

40.聽力原文：M:Morning.Happytomeetyouhere.Howareyouandhowisyourwholefamily?

W:Goodmorning,sir.Fine,thankyouforyourcare.

M:Er,didyouputthatadvertisementinyesterday,anddidyouseeit?

W:Yes.Ihaveseenitandalsohaveatry.

M:(22)Thejuniorsalesmanager.Theywantsomeonethatcouldhelpthemtomanagethecompany.

W:Yes,itwentintotheStandardandtheEveningNews.Thatsoundsgood.

M:Jollygood.Andcongratulationstoyou!

W:Erm,whatsortofayoungmanhadyougotinmind?

M:Oh,youknow,agoodeducation,er,(23)whatIdon'twantisoneoftheseyoungcocks,youknowwhojustwalkoutofuniversitywith,exaggeratedideasofhisownimportance.

W:Andhowmuchhe'sgoingtoearn,frankly.Andonlyaccordingtoyourconditionsandyourwants,wecouldfindandlookformoreproperpeople,youknow,somanypeoplecamehere,andIdon'twanttowastetheirtime.Andwhatwewantisjusttherightone.

M:Imean,(24)I'mnotpreparedtogivehimaverybigsalarytostartwith.Imeantheincreaseshegetsinhissalaryaregoingtobedependentonhoweffectiveheis.That'shardtosayandhardtomakesoconcretecriterion.Nowadays,youknow,it'sverydifficulttofindsuchagoodpersonthatcanbesuitedthisjob.(24)Andmostofthetime,theyasksomanysalaryand,themostimportantoneisthat,theyreallyhavenoabilitytodoit.

(23)

A.JuniorSalesManagerWanted.

B.PersonnelManagerWanted.

C.SecretaryWanted.

D.ManagingDirectorWanted.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.

【C6】

42.(59)

43.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

In1791,theFrenchnation,inthemidstofarevolution,wishedtobreakwiththepast,especiallywiththoseaspectsofitwhichtheyconsideredillogicalanduseless.Oneofthesewasthetraditionalsystemofweightsandmeasurestheninuse.Notonlywasthesystemoverlycomplicate,butitalsovaried(47)______fromplacetoplace.

Inconstructingthenewsystem,theFrenchbeganbysettingupaUnitofdistance(48)______tooneforty-millionthpartoftheearth'scircumference.Unfortunately,latermeasurementsshowedthattheunitdesignatedwasnotexactlythatfraction,butthey(49)______touseit.(Todaytheunitisdefinedsimply(50)______thedistancebetweentwomarksonaplatinum-iridiumbarkeptinasuburbof(51)______).Theunitisthemeter,andthesystemofmeasurements(52)______onthisuntilisthemetricsystem,thesystem(53)______usedbyscientistsovertheworld.

Themetricsystemisbuiltinunitsof(54)______,GreekprefixedshowingmultiplesandLatinprefixedshowingfractions.TheGreekshadnowordforanumberlargerthantenthousandandtheRomanshadnone(55)______anumberlargerthanonethousand,butthesystemwasextendedbyusingless(56)______words;forinstance,megameter(onemillionmeters)isderivedfromaGreekwordthatmeanssimply"large".

WordBank:

A.widelyI.specific

B.equalJ.based

C.continuedK.divided

D.todayL.calculated

E.tenM.to

F.asN.London

G.forO.opposed

H.Paris

44.

AccordingtotheAmericanLawInstitute,thewarningsonproductsshouldnotbeintendedforlegalprotectionbutfor______.

45.

Whydoesthedog'sownermistreatthedog?

46.

Theauthorcriticizeswomen'sobsessionwiththinness______.

A.fromaneconomicandeducationalperspective

B.fromsociologicalandmedicalpointsofview

C.fromahistoricalandreligiousstandpoint

D.inthelightofmoralprinciples

47.

Atthepresenttime,experimentsarebeingconductedin______.

A.manipulatingweather

B.determiningdensityofpressuregroups

C.30-day"outlooks"

D.controllingstorms

48.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Theargumentconcerningtheuse,orthestatus,ortherealityofblackEnglishisrootedinAmericanhistoryandhasabsolutelynothingtodowiththequestionwhichtheargumentsupposesitselftobeposing.Theargumenthasnothingtodowithlanguageitselfbutwiththeroleoflanguage.Language,incontestably,revealsthespeaker.Language;also,farmoredubiously,ismeanttodefinetheother---and,inthiscase,theotherisrefusingtobedefinedbyalanguagethathasneverbeenabletorecognizehim.

Peopleevolvealanguageinordertodescribeandthuscontroltheircircumstances,orinordernottobesubmergedbyarealitythattheycannotarticulate.(And,iftheycannotarticulateit,theyaresubmerged.)AFrenchmanlivinginParisspeaksasubtlyandcruciallydifferentlanguagefromthatofthemanlivinginMarseilles;neithersoundsverymuchlikeamanlivinginQuebec;andtheywouldallhavegreatdifficultyinapprehendingwhatthemanfromGuadeloupe,orMartinique,issaying,tosaynothingofthemanfromSenegal---althoughthe"common"languageofalltheseareasisFrench.Buteachhaspaid,andispaying,adifferentpriceforthis"common"language,inwhich,asitturnsout,theyarenotsaying,andcannotbesaying,thesamethings.Theyeachhaveverydifferentrealitiestoarticulate,orcontrol.

Whatjoinsalllanguages,andallmen,isthenecessitytoconfrontlife,inorder,notinconceivably,tooutwit(智勝)death:Thepriceforthisistheacceptance,andachievement,ofone'stemporalidentity.Sothat,forexample,thoughitisnottaughtintheschoolsthesouthofFrancestillclingstoitsancientandmusicalProvencal,whichresistsbeingdescribedasa"dialect''.AndmuchofthetensionintheBasquecountries,andinWales,isduetotheBasqueandWelshdeterminationnottoallowtheirlanguagestobedestroyed.ThisdeterminationalsofeedstheflamesinIreland,foramongthemanyindignitiestheIrishhavebeenforcedtoundergoatEnglishhandsistheEnglishcontemptfortheirlanguage.

Itgoeswithoutsaying,then,thatlanguageisalsoapoliticalinstrument,means,andproofofpower.Itisthemostvividandcrucialkeytoidentity:itrevealstheprivateidentity,andconnectsonewith,ordivorcesonefromthelargerpublic,orcommunalidentity:Therehavebeen,andare,timesandplaces,whentospeakacertainlanguagecouldbedangerous,evenfatalOr,onemayspeakthesamelanguage,butinsuchawaythatone'santecedents(身世，經(jīng)歷)arerevealed,or(one'shopes)hidden.

Accordingtothepassage,languagerevealsthespeakerinthewaythat______.

49.

TheaccesspartofADAisextremelycomplicated,so______.

A.thosegreedyattorneystakeitsadvantagetomakeprofit

B.ithaseffectivelyguaranteedtherightsofthosehandicapped

C.thereareinevitablysomeflaws

D.thehandicappedshownointerestsinitatall

50.

ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatSocialSecurityprivatizationwill______.

A.providehighreturnsforthenewgovernments

B.bestronglyopposedbyWallStreet

C.bringthefutureretireesmorebenefits

D.allowindividualstoinvestinpersonalaccounts

51.

Theissueofmediaownershipisimportantbecause______.

A.itaffectstheamountofmoneythestockholderswillmake

B.itdecideswhetherwecanhavedifferentaspectsofthemedia

C.itconcernsthechannelsthroughwhichtoexpressopinions

D.itmeansthatmoreandmorepeoplewillholdontoonlyafewstations

52.Themostimportantstepindevelopinganeffectivecampaign,andthestepwhichmustcomebeforeallothers,istodefinetheobjectivesofthecampaignwithgreatestpossibleclarity.Doesthecompanywishtoattractnewinvestors?Doesitseektoacquireacompanyabroad?Isanewproducttobeintroduced?

Arenewgovernmentregulationsthreateningthecompany'sprofitability?Onlyafterthefundamentalneedsofacorporationhavebeenestablishedcanthebasicobjectiveforacorporateprogrambeisolated;withoutsuchaclearlydefinedobjectivethecampaignwillhavelittleeffect.

Notethatwehavespokenof"anobjective,"notasetofobjectives.Onecannotcreateatfavorableclimateamongthefinancialcommunity,emphasizeone'sconcernfortheenvironment,seektoattractnewemployeesbythecreationofaprogressiveimage,givedirectsupporttosalesstaff,andemphasizesocialresponsibility,allinasinglecampaign.Ascatteringofdiversemessageswillconfusethereaderandintheendhewillabsorbnothing.

Aftertheprimereasonforinvestmentinthecampaignhasbeendecidedupon,thesecondstepistocollectalltheinformationthatonewishestoconveytotheselectedaudiences.Sincethereisonlyobjectiveforthecampaign,oneassumesthattheaudiencehasalreadybeenclearlyidentifiedduringtheselectionoftheobjective.

Thethirdstepinvolvestheselectionofthebestpossiblemediatobeusedinthecampaign.Itisalarminghowmanyadvertisingexpertsfirstcreatethecampaignandthenselectthemedia.Theprintmediaarequitedistinctfromsuchmediaasradioandtelevisionintheiradvertisingcapabilities.Evenwithintheprintmediatherearecriticaldifferencesinstyle.andapproachwhichmustbenotedbyanyonedesigninganadvertisementforprintinginanewspaperasopposedtoamagazine.Magazineadvertisinginturnisnotoneunifiedfield,fortherearemanydiffer