2023屆上海市金山區(qū)高考二模英語試題（含聽力）（ 含答案解析 ）

第1頁/共1頁2022學(xué)年第二學(xué)期質(zhì)量監(jiān)控高三英語試卷I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandaquestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】A.Tohisoffice. B.Toameetingroom.C.Tothefrontdesk. D.Tothebusstop.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Excuseme.I’mnewhere.It’smyfirstdayactually.I’mlookingformyoffice,but...M:Oh,hello.LookI’mreallysorry,butIcan’tstop,yousee,I’mlateforameeting.Youcangotothefrontdeskforhelp.Q:Whereisthemanhurryingtogo?2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】A.Ataschool B.Inahospital. C.Atarestaurant. D.Inaswimmingpool.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Everything’sdone.Shallweleavethehospitalnowandgetsomelunch?ThenIwilldropyouoffatschool.Isthatokay?W:SoundsgreatIfeellikesomefish.Q:Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】A.Onfoot. B.Bycar. C.Bybus. D.Bybike.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Ifyouwalkthroughtherain,youwillgetverywet.Sotakemycar.W:Don’tbother.IthinkI’llgohomebybus.M:OK,it’suptoyou.Seeyoutomorrow,then.W:Seeyou.Q:Howwillthewomangohome?4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】A.Tojoinaclub. B.Toregisterforschool.C.Toorganizeacharityevent. D.Togoonatriptothetheater.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W:Couldyousignthisformforschool,please,Dad?M:Let’sseeit.Oh,you’regoingonatheatertrip?W:Yes,everybodyfromShakespeareClubisgoing.Weraisedthemoneyforitbydoingacharitybikeride.Q:Whydoesthewomanwantthemantosigntheform?5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】A.It’scleanthere. B.It’srelaxingthere.C.It’sbeautifulthere. D.It’snoiselessthere.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Whatdoyouthinkofthispark?Ithinkitisoneofthemostbeautifulplacesinthecity.Ialsolikehowquietitis.M:Iagree,butwhatIlikebestisthatyoudon’tseeanywastepaperorplasticbagsontheground.Everyoneisdoingtheirparttoprotecttheenvironmenthere.Q:Whatdoesthemanlikemostaboutthepark?6.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】A.Law. B.Art. C.History. D.Children’seducation.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:I’vedecidedI’mgoingtostudyartatuniversity.Iwanttodrawthepicturesinchildren’sbooks.W:Youwouldbesogoodatthat.Ican’tdecidewhattodo.Myfatherwantsmetostudylawlikehedid,butIwouldratherstudyhistory.Q:Whichmajorwillthemanchoose?7.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】A.Tripplans. B.Ticketprices.C.Touristdestinations. D.Holidaycelebrations.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:It’ssocoldhere.Let’sgotothebeachfortheholiday.IfoundcheapticketstoHainaninDecember.M:Iwasthinkingaboutaskitriptooneofthenorthernprovinces,butwecansavethatforFebruary.Q:Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?8.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】A.Shewillbebusywithherstudy.B.Shewillgohikingwithherfamily.C.Shewillmeethernewpartnersonline.D.ShewillbrowsethroughtheInternetforfun.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Doyouwanttojoinustogohikingthisweekend?W:No.thanks.IneedtosurftheInternetforinformationandcommunicatewithmyclassmatesabouttheprojectonweekends.Q:Whydoesthewomanrefusetheman’sinvitation?9.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】A.Sheenjoystravelingthissummervacation.B.Sheisconsideringwhethertotravelabroad.C.Shespeakshighlyofherexperiencelastyear.D.ShehadanunpleasantexperienceinChicago.【答案】D【解析】【原文】M:Iknowyouarekeenontravelling.Whatdoyouplantodothissummervacation?W:ConsideringtheexperienceIhadinChicagolastyear,Iprefertostayathome.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?10.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】A.Howcustomerscouldbebestserved.B.Whatkindofstorescanofferlowerprices.C.Whetheronlinestoreswillreplacehigh-streetstores.D.Whysomepeopleprefertobuyproductsinphysicalstores.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Ithinkonlineshoppingwillreplacegoingouttoshops.Onlinestorescanoffermuchlowerpricesthanthehigh-streetstores.W:Idoubtit.Ithinkwe’llalwayswanttotouchsomethingsphysicallyandseethembeforewebuythem.Q:Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?SectionBDirections:

InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.聽下面一段獨白，回答一下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】11.A.Ahost. B.Apatient. C.Adoctor. D.Avolunteer.12.A.Lawyer. B.Driver. C.Researcher. D.Governmentofficer.13.A.Byreadingbooksregularly.B.Bychangingyourdemandingjob.C.Bydevelopingsomechallenginghobbies.D.Byexercisingregularlyandeatinghealthily.【答案】11.A12.B13.D【解析】【原文】Welcome,everyone.ThisisAllanfromDoctors’Research.Asweallknow,yourjobnotonlyaffectsyourincome,qualityoflife,andhappiness,butitalsoaffectsyourhealth.AnewstudyhassuggestedthathavinganinterestingjobinyourfortiesmayreduceyourriskofgettingAlzheimer’sdiseaseinoldage.Afterexaminingover100,000volunteers,theresearchersfoundthatpeoplelikegovernmentofficersandlawyersareathirdlesslikelytosufferfromAlzheimer’sdiseasethanvehicledriversandmachineoperators.AlthoughlotsofstudieshavesuggestedthatkeepingthebrainactivebychallengingyourselfregularlylikelyreducestheriskofAlzheimer’sdisease,noneofthestudieshasfoundthatmentallydemandinghobbies,likedoingpuzzles,havethesameeffect.Nordoesreading.Onthecontrary,regularexerciseandahealthydietarerecommendedinhelpinglowertherisktosomedegree.Questions:1.Whatisthespeaker?2.WhichofthefollowingjobsismorelikelytoleadtoAlzheimer’sdisease?3.HowcanpeopleprobablyreducetheriskofgettingAlzheimer’sdisease?聽下面一段獨白，回答一下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】14.A.About150. B.About12. C.About15. D.About5.15.A.Theyhavelimitedaccesstofriends’updates.B.Theygetpressurefromtheirfriendsinreallife.C.Theymakevirtualfriendswiththeiremployers.D.Whattheypostonlinemayoffendtheirfriends.16.A.Onlinefriendshipisofsignificanceforteenagers.B.Teenagersinteractwiththeirfriendsmostlyonline.C.Teenagers’onlinefriendshipissuperiortothatinreallife.D.Amajorityofteenagersprefertomakenewfriendsonline.【答案】14.A15.D16.A【解析】【原文】Whenitcomestofriendship,DunbarNumberisworthourattention.Thetheorybehindthisnumberisthattheaveragepersoncanonlyhaveamaximumofabout150friends.Thesearemorecasualfriendswhoyoudon’tthinkoforseeverymuch,butyou’dstillfeelcomfortableinvitingthemtoalargeeventlikeawedding.Itfurtherstatesthereareonlyabout5closefriendsthatyouhavemuchcontactwithonaweeklybasisandthen12to15peoplethatyouarestillveryclosetoandtrust.Soisitalwaysgoodtohavemanyfriends?Well,itlookslikehavingtoomanyfriendsonlineandthroughsocialmediamightnotbethegreatest.Astudyshowedthatthemoreonlinefriendspeoplehave,themorestresstheyhave.Theresearchersfoundthatthemorefriendsapersonhasonsocialmedia,thegreaterchancetheyhaveatoffendingpeoplewhentheypostthingsonline.Andthiscanleadtostressandanxiety,especiallywhenpeoplearevirtualfriendswiththeiremployersandparents.Butonlinefriendsarestillgreatthingstohave.Whiletherehaven’treallybeenanystudiescomparingonlinefriendstothoseinreallife,meetingfriendsonlineisstillimportant.About47%ofteenagershavemetagoodfriendonlineandaroundhalfofthoseteenagersmademorethan5newfriendsonline.Butremember:onlinefriendscanbewonderful,yetitmightnotbethebestideatohavetoomanyfriends.Questions:14.HowmanyfriendscantheaveragepersonhaveatmostaccordingtotheDunbarNumbertheory?15.Whydoesthespeakersay“themoreonlinefriendspeoplehave,themorestresstheyhave”?16.Whatcanwelearnaboutteenagers’onlinefriendship?聽下面一段較長對話，回答一下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】17.A.Repaintingthewalls. B.Furnishingthekitchen.C.Rentinganapartment. D.Discussingthepipesystem.18.A.Itisinaruralarea. B.Thefridgeworkswell.C.Itisnexttotheoffice. D.Laundryisincludedintherent.19.A.Foraweek. B.Foramonth.C.Foraboutthreeyears. D.Foratleastayear.20.A.$200. B.$180. C.$720. D.$800.【答案】17.C18.B19.C20.B【解析】【原文】W:MayIcomein?M:Yeah,pleasedo.Nowletmeshowyoutheapartment.W:Thisseemsaprettyniceroom,Ishouldsay.M:Youbet.Thisisthenicestroominthedistrict.Youknowwhat,Ijusthadallthewallsrepaintedlastmonth.W:Whataboutthekitchen?M:It’sawell-furnishedeat-inkitchen.Thestoveandtheice-boxareingoodorder,andthesystemofpipesisOK,too.W:Isee.Howmuchistherent?M:200dollarsaweek,excludinglaundry.W:200dollarsaweek?No,I’mnotreallyinterestedinthisplace.Itisn’tbigenough.What’smore,itisn’tcloseenoughtomyoffice.M:Rentsareveryhighindowntownareas,youknow.Thisisanicerent.Howlongwillyoulivehere?W:I’dliketolivehereforaboutthreeyears.M:Wonderful!ThenIcangiveyouadiscountof10%.W:Really?Youaresonice.M:Whenareyoumovingin?W:NextSaturdayattheearliest.Questions:1.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?2.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheapartment?3.Howlongdoesthewomanplantoliveintheapartment?4.Howmuchwillthewomanpayfortheapartmentweekly?II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherent.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword.Fortheotherblanks,fillineachblankwithoneproperword.Makesurethatyouranswersaregrammaticallycorrect.OpenAIAnnouncesChatGPTSuccessorGPT-4OpenAIhasreleasedGPT-4,thelatestversionofitshugelypopularartificialintelligencechatbotChatGPT.Thenewmodelcanrespondtoimagesbyprovidingrecipesuggestionsfromphotosofingredientsaswellaswritingcaptionsanddescriptions.Itcanalsoprocessupto25,000words,abouteighttimesasmanyasChatGPT.MillionsofpeoplehaveusedChatGPTsinceit_____21_____(launch)inNovember2022.Popularrequestsforitincludewritingsongs,poems,marketingcopy,computercode,andhelpingwithhomework,_____22_____teacherssaystudentsshouldn’tuseit.ChatGPTanswersquestions_____23_____(employ)naturalhuman-likelanguage,anditcanalsoimitateotherwritingstylessuchassongwritersandauthors,usingtheInternetasitsknowledgedatabase.Thereareconcernsthatitcouldonedaytakeovermanyjobscurrently_____24_____(do)byhumans.OpenAIsaidit_____25_____(spend)sixmonthsonsafetyfeaturesforGPT-4,andonhumanfeedback.However,itwarnedthatit_____26_____stillbesubjecttosharingdisinformation.GPT-4willinitiallybeavailabletoChatGPTPlussubscribers,_____27_____pay$20permonthforeasyaccesstotheservice.It’salreadypoweringMicrosoft’sBingsearchengineplatform.Thetechgianthasinvested$10b_____28_____OpenAI.GPT-4has“_____29_____(advanced)reasoningskills”thanChatGPT,OpenAIsaid.Themodelcan,forexample,findavailablemeetingtimesforthreeschedules.OpenAIalsoannouncednewpartnershipswithlanguagelearningappDuolingoandBeMyEyes,anapplicationforthevisuallyimpaired,_____30_____(create)AIChatbotswhichcanassisttheirusersusingnaturallanguage.However,likeitspredecessors(被替代的事物),OpenAIhaswarnedthatGPT-4isstillnotfullyreliableanditmayinventfactsormakereasoningerrors.【答案】21.waslaunched22.although23.employing24.beingdone##done25.hadspent26.may##might27.who28.in##on29.moreadvanced30.tocreate【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇新聞報道。OpenAI開發(fā)除了GPT-4，這是其非常受歡迎的人工智能聊天機(jī)器人ChatGPT的最新版本，文章介紹了其功能，以及人們對該產(chǎn)品的態(tài)度?！?1題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)。句意：自2022年11月ChatGPT推出以來，已有數(shù)百萬人使用它。設(shè)空處在since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，其中的時間狀語為inNovember2022，應(yīng)用一般過去時，launch與邏輯主語it之間為動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，助動詞為was。故填waslaunched?！?2題詳解】考查狀語從句的連詞。句意：最受歡迎的要求包括寫歌、寫詩、寫營銷文案、寫計算機(jī)代碼和輔導(dǎo)家庭作業(yè)，盡管老師們說學(xué)生不應(yīng)該使用它。逗號前后轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用連詞although，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。故填although?！?3題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：ChatGPT使用自然的類人語言回答問題，它還可以模仿其他寫作風(fēng)格，如詞曲作者和作家，使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)作為其知識庫。句子謂語為answers，設(shè)空處為非謂語動詞，employ與邏輯主語ChatGPT之間為主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞，作狀語。故填employing?！?4題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：有人擔(dān)心，有一天它可能會取代目前由人類完成的許多工作。此處考查manyjobs的后置定語，do與邏輯主語manyjobs之間為動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用過去分詞done，根據(jù)時間狀語currently，也可用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動語態(tài)，表示正在被進(jìn)行，故填done/beingdone?！?5題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：OpenAI表示，他們花了6個月的時間來研究GPT-4的安全功能，以及人類的反饋。句子謂語動詞為said，賓語從句的動作發(fā)生在said前，從句應(yīng)用過去完成時。故填hadspent?！?6題詳解】考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：然而，該公司警告稱，它仍可能受到分享虛假信息的影響。設(shè)空處應(yīng)用情態(tài)動詞may或might，表示可能性。故填may/might?！?7題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：T-4最初將提供給ChatGPTPlus用戶，他們每月支付20美元即可輕松使用該服務(wù)。此處考查非限制性定語從句，先行詞為ChatGPTPlussubscribers，為人，在非限制性定語從句中作主語，故填who?！?8題詳解】考查介詞。句意：這家科技巨頭已向OpenAI投資100億美元。此處考查動詞短語invest...on/in...，意為“（把資金）投入……”，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用介詞in或on，后接賓語OpenAI。故填in/on。【29題詳解】考查形容詞比較等級。句意：OpenAI表示，GPT-4擁有比ChatGPT“更高級推理技能”。根據(jù)語境，設(shè)空處在名詞短語reasoningskills之前，句中有than，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用形容詞比較級，作前置定語。需填moreadvanced。【30題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：OpenAI還宣布與語言學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)用多鄰國(Duolingo)和面向視障人士的應(yīng)用BeMyEyes建立新的合作伙伴關(guān)系，以創(chuàng)建可以使用自然語言幫助用戶的人工智能聊天機(jī)器人。句子的謂語為announced，設(shè)空處為非謂語動詞，應(yīng)用動詞不定式作目的狀語。故填tocreate。SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.breakthroughsB.coreC.driverD.empowerE.fullyF.increasinglyG.mountingH.potentialI.promotingJ.seeksK.servesCompaniesHelpIntegrate(整合)DigitalRealEconomiesChineseplatformcompaniesaredoublingdownonthemostadvanceddigitaltechnologiestoseeknewdriversinrevenue(財政收入)growth,asthecountryputsgreateremphasison____31____thein-depthintegrationofthedigitalandrealeconomies,expertsandcompanyexecutivessaid.Despitethedepressingglobaloutlookand_____32_____uncertainties,China’splatformeconomyisplayinga(n)____33____vitalroleinboostingtechnologicalinnovationandhigh-qualitydevelopment.DuringanearningsconferencewithinvestorsonThursday,ZhangYong,chairmanandCEOofAlibabaGroup,saidthatcloudcomputingisoneofthecompany’s____34____strategiesforthefuture,andAlibabaCloudisalsothefoundationthroughwhichthecompany____35____therealeconomyanddrivestheintegrationofthedigitalandrealeconomies.Notingthatthisisacriticalperiodfortechnological____36____anddevelopmentincloudcomputingandAI,Zhangsaidhebelievedinthevast_____37_____ofindustrialdigitalizationandtheroleofcloudcomputingasthefocusofthedigitaleconomy.Revenueinthecloudbusiness,Alibaba’smaingrowth_____38_____besidese-commerce,reached20.18billionyuanduringtheOctober-Decemberperiod,anincreaseof3%year-on-year,mainlydrivenbypubliccloudgrowth.Thecompanyismakingeffortstomakeuseofdigitaltechnologiestohelpsmallandmedium-sizedenterprisesandspeedupindustrialtransformation(工業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型)inaneffortto_____39_____therealeconomy.Thetone-settingCentralEconomicWorkConferenceinmid-Decembersaidthatplatformcompanieswillbesupportedto“____40____displaytheircapabilities”inencouragingeconomicgrowth,jobcreationandinternationalcompetition.Theconferencealsoemphasizedtheneedtoenergeticallydevelopthedigitaleconomy.【答案】31.I32.G33.F34.B35.K36.A37.H38.C39.D40.E

【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章介紹了中國的數(shù)字實體經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展情況。【31題詳解】考查動名詞。句意：專家和公司高管表示，隨著中國更加重視促進(jìn)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)和實體經(jīng)濟(jì)的深度融合，中國平臺公司正在加倍投入最先進(jìn)的數(shù)字技術(shù)，以尋求收入增長的新動力。設(shè)空處應(yīng)填promoting，意為“促進(jìn)；提升”，為動名詞，作介詞on的賓語。故選I項?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：盡管全球經(jīng)濟(jì)前景黯淡，不確定性增加，但中國的平臺經(jīng)濟(jì)在推動科技創(chuàng)新和高質(zhì)量發(fā)展方面發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。設(shè)空處應(yīng)用形容詞mounting，意為“增長的，上升的”，作前置定語，修飾名詞uncertainties，故選G項。【33題詳解】考查副詞。句意：盡管全球經(jīng)濟(jì)前景黯淡，不確定性增加，但中國的平臺經(jīng)濟(jì)在推動科技創(chuàng)新和高質(zhì)量發(fā)展方面發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。設(shè)空處應(yīng)用副詞increasingly，意為“越來越多地，不斷增加地”，修飾形容詞vital，作狀語。故選F項。【34題詳解】考查名詞。句意：在周四與投資者舉行的財報發(fā)布會上，阿里巴巴集團(tuán)董事長兼首席執(zhí)行官張勇表示，云計算是公司未來的核心戰(zhàn)略之一，阿里云也是公司服務(wù)實體經(jīng)濟(jì)、推動數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)和實體經(jīng)濟(jì)融合的基礎(chǔ)。設(shè)空處應(yīng)用名詞core，意為“核心”，修飾名詞strategies，作前置定語。故選B項?！?5題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：在周四與投資者舉行的財報發(fā)布會上，阿里巴巴集團(tuán)董事長兼首席執(zhí)行官張勇表示，云計算是公司未來的核心戰(zhàn)略之一，阿里云也是公司服務(wù)實體經(jīng)濟(jì)、推動數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)和實體經(jīng)濟(jì)融合的基礎(chǔ)。陳述客觀事實用一般現(xiàn)在時，從句中foundation為先行詞，后接throughwhich引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句，主語為thecompany，為第三人稱單數(shù)，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用serves，意為“服務(wù)”，作謂語動詞。故選K項?！?6題詳解】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：張勇指出，這是云計算和人工智能技術(shù)突破和發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵時期，他相信工業(yè)數(shù)字化的巨大潛力，以及云計算作為數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)焦點的作用。設(shè)空處應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)breakthroughs，意為“突破”，與名詞development并列，作for的賓語。故選A項?！?7題詳解】考查名詞。句意：張勇指出，這是云計算和人工智能技術(shù)突破和發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵時期，他相信工業(yè)數(shù)字化的巨大潛力，以及云計算作為數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)焦點的作用。設(shè)空處應(yīng)用名詞potential，意為“潛力”，作believedin的賓語。故選H項?！?8題詳解】考查名詞。句意：云業(yè)務(wù)是阿里巴巴除電子商務(wù)之外的主要增長動力，在10月至12月期間，其收入達(dá)到了201.8億元，同比增長3%，主要是受公共云增長的推動。設(shè)空處應(yīng)用名詞driver，意為“推動力”，作主語。故選C項?！?9題詳解】考查動詞。句意：該公司正在努力利用數(shù)字技術(shù)幫助中小企業(yè)，并加快工業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型，努力為實體經(jīng)濟(jì)賦能。設(shè)空處應(yīng)選動詞empower，意為“給予（某人）權(quán)力，使自主”，后接賓語therealeconomy，故選D項?！?0題詳解】考查副詞。句意：12月中旬召開的中央經(jīng)濟(jì)工作會議表示，將支持平臺公司在鼓勵經(jīng)濟(jì)增長、創(chuàng)造就業(yè)和國際競爭方面“充分發(fā)揮能力”。設(shè)空處應(yīng)用副詞fully，意為“充分地，完全地”，修飾動詞短語displaytheircapabilitie，作狀語。故選E項。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.ItisNobelPrizeweek,theoneweekeveryyearwhenpeoplefromallcornersoftheglobecelebratescience,readaboutribosomes(核糖體),andgivetheirbestshotattryingtounderstandparticlephysics.Itisalsotheoneweekwhenscienceisguaranteedsomeprimeheadlinespaceonmainstreamnewsoutlets.AndyetthescienceNobels(inmedicine,physics,andchemistry)presenta(n)___41___viewofscience.Theproblemstartswiththe___42___ofprize-winnersselectedeveryyear.TherulesgoverningtheNobelPrize___43___ittojustthreewinnersineachcategory.ThismeansthatforeverydiscoverythatisawardedaNobel,themajorityofcontributingscientistsendupbeing___44___.Asamatteroffact,sciencehasneverbeena(n)___45___effort.IsaacNewtonstoodonthe“shouldersofgiants”;NeilArmstrong’s“onesmallstep”wasadreamrealizedbyhundredsofthousandsofengineersandscientists.Scienceis,andalwayshasbeen,andrepetitiveprocesswhereindividualsdrawondiscoveriesmadebyothersto___46___advancetheboundariesofhumanknowledge.Yes,AlbertEinsteinfamouslywontheNobelPrizeallbyhimselfforapaperhealoneauthored,buthecouldnothavemadehisdiscoverieswithout___47___workbyMaxPlanck,JamesMaxwell,andseveralothers.Tomakemattersworse,typicaloftheNobelPrizes,noneofthe___48___wasafirstauthoronanyofthepublicationscitedbytheprizeannouncements.Thefirstauthorofascientificpaperistypicallythepersonwhodidthehands-onlaboratorywork,usuallyagraduatestudentoryoungpost-doctoralresearcher.Itispreciselythese___49___researcherswhoareingreaterneedoftheNobelPrizemoneythantheirgenerallytenured(終身的)supervisors.Morebasically,awardingtheprizestoonlythreescientistsspreadsavisionofscienceasanindividualenterprise.Byensuringthatgraduatestudentsarenotgiven____50____recognition,theprizesreinforce(加強(qiáng))themistakenimageofascientistasanoldwhitemaninalabcoat.Thiscanonly____51____genderandracialinequalitiesinscience,especiallyfurtheralonginanacademiccareer.Anyoneofthesereasonsissufficientto____52____theNobelPrizes.Hereisoneidea:AwardtheNobelPrizesnotto____53____butfordiscoveries;donatetheprizemoneytoaninternationalsciencefundtopromotefurtherexplorationineachyear’sprize-winningfieldofresearch.Ascience-orientedNobel,ratherthanascientist-orientedone,wouldeducatethepublicinthemostimportantscientificdevelopmentsand,____54____,stimulatenewscientificprogressbyusingtheprizemoneytofundthenextgenerationofresearchers.Scienceworksbestwhenthe____55____ofonegenerationofscientistsarepaidforwardtodrivethenexttoevengreaterheights.Thatistosay,scientistsofdifferentgenerationsworkwithjointeffortstosupportfuturescientificadvancementsforthebettermentofsocietyasawhole.41.A.strange B.outdated C.all-round D.advanced42.A.quality B.diversity C.discipline D.figure43.A.restrict B.extend C.relate D.apply44.A.employed B.ignored C.respected D.nominated45.A.terrific B.constant C.intellectual D.individual46.A.naturally B.rapidly C.gradually D.personally47.A.previous B.subsequent C.physical D.commercial48.A.employees B.addressees C.awardees D.refugees49.A.chief-position B.early-career C.senior-management D.academic-world50.A.due B.immediate C.literary D.governmental51.A.turndown B.leveloff C.takeaway D.stepup52.A.claim B.reform C.present D.announce53.A.organizers B.researchers C.sponsors D.supervisors54.A.infact B.incomparison C.intheory D.inturn55.A.legends B.spirits C.achievements D.mysteries【答案】41.B42.D43.A44.B45.D46.C47.A48.C49.B50.A51.D52.B53.B54.D55.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章分析了諾貝科學(xué)獎存在的問題，并給出了解決辦法。作者認(rèn)為當(dāng)一代科學(xué)家的成就被發(fā)揚光大，推動下一代科學(xué)家更上一層樓時，科學(xué)才能發(fā)揮最好的作用?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，諾貝爾科學(xué)獎(醫(yī)學(xué)獎、物理學(xué)獎和化學(xué)獎)卻呈現(xiàn)出一種過時的科學(xué)觀。A.strange奇怪的；B.outdated陳舊的；過時的；C.all-round多才多藝的；D.advanced高級的。根據(jù)下文“Theproblemstartswiththe___2___ofprize-winnersselectedeveryyear.”可知，此處說明是一個問題，因此推斷諾貝爾和平獎呈現(xiàn)出一種過時的科學(xué)觀點。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這個問題始于每年選出的獲獎?wù)叩臄?shù)量。A.quality質(zhì)量；B.diversity多樣性；多樣化；C.discipline紀(jì)律；訓(xùn)練；D.figure數(shù)字。根據(jù)下文“justthreewinnersineachcategory”可知，此處說的是獲獎?wù)叩臄?shù)量。故選D。【43題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：管理諾貝爾獎的法規(guī)限制在每個類別中只有三名獲獎?wù)?。A.restrict限制；B.extend延長；C.relate聯(lián)系；D.apply申請。根據(jù)下文“ThismeansthatforeverydiscoverythatisawardedaNobel,themajorityofcontributingscientistsendupbeing___4___.”可知，管理規(guī)定限制每個類別只有三名獲獎?wù)?。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這意味著，對于每一個被授予諾貝爾獎的發(fā)現(xiàn)，大多數(shù)有貢獻(xiàn)的科學(xué)家最終都被忽視。A.employed雇傭；B.ignored忽視；C.respected尊重；D.nominated提名；任命。根據(jù)前文“justthreewinnersineachcategory”可知，每個類別僅有三名獲獎?wù)撸虼舜蟛糠钟胸暙I(xiàn)的科學(xué)家被忽視。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：事實上，科學(xué)從來不是個人努力。A.terrific極好的；B.constant不斷的；C.intellectual智力的；D.individual個人的。根據(jù)下文“IsaacNewtonstoodonthe“shouldersofgiants”;NeilArmstrong’s“onesmallstep”wasadreamrealizedbyhundredsofthousandsofengineersandscientists.(艾薩克·牛頓站在“巨人的肩膀上”;尼爾·阿姆斯特朗的“一小步”是成千上萬工程師和科學(xué)家實現(xiàn)的夢想。)”可知，科學(xué)不是個人的努力。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：科學(xué)一直以來都是一個重復(fù)的過程，在這個過程中，個人利用他人的發(fā)現(xiàn)，逐步推進(jìn)人類知識的邊界。A.naturally自然地；B.rapidly快速地；C.gradually逐漸地；D.personally親自地。根據(jù)上文“Scienceis,andalwayshasbeen,andrepetitiveprocesswhereindividualsdrawondiscoveriesmadebyothers”可知，科學(xué)是個人利用他人的發(fā)現(xiàn)逐漸提高的。故選C。【47題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：是的，阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦憑借他獨自撰寫的一篇論文獲得了諾貝爾獎，但如果沒有馬克斯·普朗克、詹姆斯·麥克斯韋和其他幾個人以前的工作，他就不可能有這些發(fā)現(xiàn)。A.previous以前的；B.subsequent隨后的；C.physical身體的；D.commercial商業(yè)的。根據(jù)前文“AlbertEinsteinfamouslywontheNobelPrizeallbyhimselfforapaperhealoneauthored,buthecouldnothavemadehisdiscoveries”可知，愛因斯坦利用了其他科學(xué)家以前的所做的工作。故選A?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，諾貝爾獎的典型特點是，沒有一個獲獎?wù)呤谦@獎公告中引用的任何出版物的第一作者。A.employees雇員；B.addressees地址；C.awardees受獎?wù)?；D.refugees難民。根據(jù)下文“Thefirstauthorofascientificpaperistypicallythepersonwhodidthehands-onlaboratorywork,usuallyagraduatestudentoryoungpost-doctoralresearcher.(一篇科學(xué)論文的第一作者通常是親自做實驗室工作的人，通常是研究生或年輕的博士后研究員。)”可知，沒有一個獲獎?wù)呤谦@獎公告中引用的出版物的第一作者。故選C。【49題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：正是這些初入職場研究人員比他們的終身導(dǎo)師更需要諾貝爾獎獎金。A.chief-position首席位置；B.early-career早期職業(yè)生涯；C.senior-management高級管理人員；D.academic-world學(xué)術(shù)界。根據(jù)上文“usuallyagraduatestudentoryoungpost-doctoralresearcher”可知，這些都是初入職場的研究人員。故選B?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：通過確保研究生沒有得到應(yīng)有的認(rèn)可，這些獎項強(qiáng)化了科學(xué)家作為一個穿著實驗室大褂的白人老頭的錯誤形象。A.due預(yù)期的、應(yīng)有的；B.immediate立刻的；C.literary文學(xué)的；D.governmental政府的。根據(jù)上文“typicaloftheNobelPrizes,noneofthe___8___wasafirstauthoronanyofthepublicationscitedbytheprizeannouncements.Thefirstauthorofascientificpaperistypicallythepersonwhodidthehands-onlaboratorywork,usuallyagraduatestudentoryoungpost-doctoralresearcher.”可知，研究生不能獲得應(yīng)有的認(rèn)可，獲得獎項。故選A?！?1題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：這只會加劇科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的性別和種族不平等，尤其是在以后的學(xué)術(shù)生涯中。A.turndown拒絕；B.leveloff趨平；C.takeaway剝奪；拿走；D.stepup使加快速度、加劇。根據(jù)前文“theprizesreinforce(加強(qiáng))themistakenimageofascientistasanoldwhitemaninalabcoat”可推斷，這也加劇了科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的性別和種族不平等。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這些理由中的任何一個都足以改革諾貝爾獎。A.claim聲稱、索??；B.reform改革；C.present贈送；D.announce宣布。上文講述了諾貝獎項存在問題，結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容“Hereisoneidea:…”可推斷，諾貝爾獎需要改革。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：諾貝爾獎不是頒給研究人員，而是頒給發(fā)現(xiàn)；將獎金捐贈給一個國際科學(xué)基金，以促進(jìn)每年獲獎研究領(lǐng)域的進(jìn)一步探索。A.organizers組織者；B.researchers研究人員；C.sponsors贊助商；D.supervisors監(jiān)督者。根據(jù)下文“donatetheprizemoneytoaninternationalsciencefundtopromotefurtherexplorationineachyear’sprize-winningfieldofresearch”可知，諾貝爾獎不要頒發(fā)給研究者個人。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：一個以科學(xué)為導(dǎo)向的諾貝爾獎，而不是以科學(xué)家為導(dǎo)向的諾貝爾獎，將在最重要的科學(xué)發(fā)展中教育公眾，轉(zhuǎn)而，通過使用獎金資助下一代研究人員，刺激新的科學(xué)進(jìn)步。A.infact實際上；B.incomparison比較；C.intheory理論上；D.inturn轉(zhuǎn)而。根據(jù)前后文語境可知，以科學(xué)為導(dǎo)向的諾貝爾獎可以教育公眾，轉(zhuǎn)而獎金可以資助下一代研究人員，刺激科學(xué)進(jìn)步。故選D。【55題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)一代科學(xué)家的成就被發(fā)揚光大，推動下一代科學(xué)家更上一層樓時，科學(xué)才能發(fā)揮最好的作用。A.legends傳說；B.spirits精神；C.achievements成就；D.mysteries神秘。根據(jù)下文“todrivethenexttoevengreaterheights”可知，要發(fā)揚廣大一代科學(xué)家的成就，推動下一代科學(xué)家，科學(xué)才能發(fā)揮最好的作用。故選C。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Onthetrackforthe400-meterdashatthe1958BritishEmpireandCommonwealthGames,MikhaSinghshotfromthestartasfastaspossible,butthen,inasecond,sensedMalcolmSpenceofSouthAfricaoverhisshoulder.Attheline,withsixinchesbetweenthem,Singhwonthegold.Theaudiencebrokeintoapplause.Tothem,however,hewasjustavillageboywhoranwithhisarmsgracefullywaving.Theydidnotknowthat,forhim,runningwasnotasport.Itwaseverything,hisreligion,hisbeloved,andhislife.Asachild,Singhrantogetaneducationoutsidehishomevillage.Theschoolwastenkilometersaway.Butattheageof18,Singhrantosavehisverylife.In1947,thevillagewasbeingsplitbetweenIndiaandPakistan.CrowdsofMuslimoutsiderssuddenlyarrivedinhisvillage,orderinghisfamilytoconverttoIslamordie.Hisfather,dying,shouted,“Run,Milkha,run!”Heracedfortheforest,crying.TherefollowedatimewhenSinghhoppedtrainsasarefugee,shoelessandstarving.Eventuallythearmytookhimon.Therehediscoveredrunningofanewkind,withcoaching,racesoversetlengths,andprizes.Thefirstraceh