考研英語(yǔ)名詞從句練習(xí)及答案解析

名詞從句專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練1.Whethertheresultswillbevaluable,meaningless,orevenmisleadingdependspartlyuponthetoolitselfbutlargelyupontheuser.句子主干：Whethertheresultswillbevaluable,...orevenmisleadingdependspartlyuponthetoolitselfbutlargelyupontheuser.譯文：測(cè)試的結(jié)果是在有價(jià)值的、無(wú)意義的、還是誤導(dǎo)的，部分取決于這種工具本身，但主要取決于測(cè)試使用者。2.Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterperformancedependsupontheamount,reliability,andappropriatenessoftheinformationusedandontheskillandwisdomwithwhichitisinterpreted.

句子主干：Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterperformancedependsupontheamount,reliability,andappropriateness...譯文：這些預(yù)測(cè)在多大程度上為的后來(lái)的表現(xiàn)所證實(shí)，這取決于所采用信息的數(shù)量、可靠性和適宜性，以及解釋這些信息的技能和才智。3.Standardizedtestsshouldprovideaquick,objectivemethodofgettingsomekindsofinformationaboutwhatapersonlearned,theskillshehasdeveloped,orthekindofpersonheis.句子主干：Standardizedtestsshouldprovideaquick,objectivemethod譯文：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測(cè)試提供了快速、客觀地得到某些信息的方法，這些信息是有關(guān)一個(gè)人所學(xué)到的知識(shí)、他所獲得的技能，或者他是屬于哪一類(lèi)型的人。Somephilosophers

argue

that

rights

exist

only

within

a

social

contract，as

part

of

an

exchange

ofduties

and

entitlements.句子主干：Somephilosophers

argue

that

...譯文：有些哲學(xué)家論證說(shuō)，權(quán)利只存在社會(huì)契約中，是責(zé)任與利益相交換的一部分。5.ThistrendbeganduringtheSecondWorldWar,whenseveralgovernmentscametotheconclusionthatthespecificdemandsthatagovernmentwantstomakeofitsscientificestablishmentcannotgenerallybeforeseenindetail.句子主干：Thistrendbegan...譯文：這種趨勢(shì)始于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，當(dāng)時(shí)一些國(guó)家的政府得出結(jié)論:政府要向科研機(jī)構(gòu)提出的具體要求通常是無(wú)法詳盡預(yù)見(jiàn)的。6.Itcanbepredicted,however,thatfromtimetotimequestionswillarisewhichwillrequirespecificscientificanswers.句子主干：Itcanbepredictedthat譯文：然而，人們可以預(yù)見(jiàn)，往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些問(wèn)題要求科學(xué)做出具體的回答。7.Whethertousetests,otherkindsofinformation,orbothinaparticularsituationdepends,therefore,upontheevidencefromexperienceconcerningcomparativevalidityanduponsuchfactorsascostandavailability.句子主干：Whethertousetests,otherkindsofinformation,orbothinaparticularsituationdepends,therefore,upontheevidenceanduponsuchfactors譯文：在某一特定情況下，究竟是采用測(cè)試還是其他種類(lèi)的信息，或是兩者兼用，須憑有關(guān)相對(duì)效度的經(jīng)驗(yàn)依據(jù)而定，也取決于諸如費(fèi)用和有無(wú)來(lái)源等因素。8.It

leads

the

discussion

to

extremes

at

the

outset:it

invites

youto

think

thatanimals

should

betreated

either

with

the

consideration

humans

extend

to

otherhumans，or

with

no

considerationat

all.句子主干：It

leads

the

discussion

to

extremes譯文：這種說(shuō)法從一開(kāi)始就將討論引向兩個(gè)極端，它使人們認(rèn)為應(yīng)這樣對(duì)待動(dòng)物:要么像對(duì)人類(lèi)自身一樣關(guān)切體諒，要么完全冷漠無(wú)情。9.Arguing

from

the

view

that

humans

are

different

from

animals

inevery

relevant

respect，extremists

of

this

kind

think

that

animals

lie

outside

the

area

ofmoral

choice.句子主干：...extremists

of

this

kind

think...譯文：這類(lèi)人持極端看法，認(rèn)為人與動(dòng)物在各相關(guān)方面都不相同，對(duì)待動(dòng)物無(wú)須考慮道德問(wèn)題。10.Butevenmoreimportant,itwasthefarthestthatscientistshadbeenabletolookintothepast,forwhattheywereseeingwerethepatternsandstructuresthatexisted15billionyearsago.

句子主干：...itwasthefarthestthat...譯文：但更為重要的是，這是科學(xué)家所能觀測(cè)到的最遙遠(yuǎn)的過(guò)去的景象，因?yàn)樗麄兛吹降氖?50億年前宇宙云的形狀和結(jié)構(gòu)。11.Thatwasjustaboutthemomentthattheuniversewasborn.Whattheresearchersfoundwasatoncebothamazingandexpected.句子主干：Thatwasjustaboutthemoment...；Whattheresearchersfoundwasbothamazingandexpected.譯文：那大約就是宇宙形成的時(shí)候。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)的宇宙云既令人驚訝，又是人們所期待的。12.TheUSExplorersatellite-Cobe-haddiscoveredlandmarkevidencethattheuniversedidinfactbeginwiththeprimevalexplosionthathasbecomeknownastheBigBang(thetheorythattheuniverseoriginatedinanexplosionfromasinglemassofenergy).句子主干：TheUSExplorersatellite-Cobe-haddiscoveredlandmarkevidence...譯文：美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局的宇宙背景探測(cè)者Cobe號(hào)衛(wèi)星已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了劃時(shí)代的證據(jù)，證明宇宙確實(shí)起源于最早的一次爆炸，即人們一直所稱(chēng)的“大爆炸”（此理論認(rèn)為宇宙起源于一大塊能量）。13.Caughtinthewebofitsowntimeandplace,eachgenerationofhistoriansdeterminesanewwhatissignificantforitinthepast.句子主干：...eachgenerationofhistoriansdeterminesanew...譯文：由于受時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的限制，每一代史學(xué)家都要重新判斷過(guò)去哪些史料對(duì)其有重要價(jià)值。14.Theironyofthehistorian'scraftisthatitspractitionersalwaysknowthattheireffortsarebutcontributionstoanunendingprocess.句子主干：Theironyofthehistorian'scraftisthat...譯文：實(shí)際從事歷史研究的人總是知道，他們的努力只不過(guò)是為永無(wú)止境的探索過(guò)程添磚加瓦，這就使其工作頗具諷刺意味。15.

Thereisnoagreementwhethermethodologyreferstotheconceptspeculiartohistoricalworkingeneralortotheresearchtechniquesappropriatetothevariousbranchesofhistoricalinquiry.句子主干：Thereisnoagreement譯文：所謂方法論究竟是指一般的歷史研究研究中的特有概念，還是指歷史探究中各個(gè)具體領(lǐng)域適用的研究手段，人們對(duì)此意見(jiàn)不一。16.Governmentsthroughouttheworldactontheassumptionthatthewelfareoftheirpeopledependslargelyontheeconomicstrengthandwealthofthecommunity.句子主干：Governmentsactontheassumption譯文：世界各國(guó)政府都認(rèn)為，人民的幸福主要依賴于社會(huì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力和財(cái)富17.

Furthermoreitisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry'seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.句子主干：...itisobviousthatandthat...譯文：再者，顯而易見(jiàn)的是，一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力與其工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率密切相關(guān)，而效率的提高又有賴于各種科技人員的努力。Italsomeansthatgovernmentsareincreasinglycompelledtointerfereinthesesectorsinsgroupstostepupproductionandensurethatitisutilizedtothebestadvantage.句子主干：

Italsomeansthat...譯文：這就意味著，各國(guó)政府得越來(lái)越多地干預(yù)這些部門(mén)以便提高產(chǎn)量并確保產(chǎn)品會(huì)得到最好的利用。19.However,therearestillnoforecastsforwhenfaster-than-lighttravelwillbeavailable,orwhenhumancloningwillbeperfected,orwhentimetravelwillbepossible.句子主干：therearestillnoforecasts譯文：然而，仍然不能預(yù)報(bào)快于光速的旅行何時(shí)到來(lái)，或何時(shí)將完成克隆人，或何時(shí)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)或何時(shí)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)遨游過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)的時(shí)間旅行。What

is

needed

is

atechnology

of

behavior,

but

we

have

been

slow

todevelop

the

science

from

which

such

a

technologymight

be

drawn.句子主干：What

is

needed

is

atechnology

of

behavior,

but

we

have

been

slow...譯文：我們所需要的是一種行為技術(shù)，但是可能產(chǎn)生這種技術(shù)的科學(xué)一直發(fā)展緩慢。One

difficulty

is

that

almost

allof

what

is

called

behavioral

science

continues

to

trace

behaviorto

states

of

mind,

feelings,traits

of

character,

human

nature,

and

so

on.

Physics

and

biology

oncefollowed

similar

practicesand

advanced

only

when

they

discarded

them.句子主干：One

difficulty

is

that...；Physics

and

biology

followed

similar

practicesand

advanced...

譯文：難題之一在于所謂的行為科學(xué)幾乎全都依然從心態(tài)、情感、性格（特征）、人性等方面去尋找行為的根源。物理學(xué)和生物學(xué)一度模仿類(lèi)似的做法并且只有當(dāng)它們拋棄這些做法后才得到發(fā)展。Therefore,

it

is

important

to

study

humans

in

all

their

richness

anddiversity

in

a

calm

andsystematic

manner,

with

the

hope

that

the

knowledge

resulting

from

suchstudies

can

lead

humans

to

a

more

harmonious

way

of

living

with

themselves

and

with

all

other

lifeformson

this

planet

Earth.句子主干：...it

is

important

to

study

humans譯文：因此，運(yùn)用冷靜和系統(tǒng)的方法對(duì)人類(lèi)的廣泛性與多樣性進(jìn)行研究是至關(guān)重要的，我們希望通過(guò)這些研究獲得的知識(shí)可以促進(jìn)人與人之間，以及人與地球上的所有其它物種更加和諧共存。But

the

idea

that

the

journalist

must

understand

the

law

more

profoundly

than

an

ordinary

citizen

rests

on

an

understanding

of

the

established

conventions

and

special

responsibilities

ofthe

news

media.句子主干：...the

idearests

on

an

understanding...譯文：但是記者必須比普通市民更深刻地理解法律的觀點(diǎn)是基于對(duì)新聞媒體既定的規(guī)則和特定的責(zé)任的理解。Implicit

within

Tylor's

definition

is

the

concept

that

culture

is

learned.shared,

and

patterned

behavior.句子主干：...the

concept

isimplicit

within

Tylor's

definition譯文：泰勒關(guān)于文化的定義暗示出這樣一個(gè)概念，即文化是后天習(xí)得的、與他人共享的和形成固定模式的行為。Being

interested

in

the

relationship

of

language

and

thought,

Whorf

developed

the

idea

thatthe

structure

of

language

determines

the

structure

of

habitual

thought

in

a

society.

句子主干：...Whorf

developed

the

idea...譯文：Whorf對(duì)語(yǔ)言與思維的關(guān)系很感興趣,逐漸形成了這樣的觀點(diǎn)：在一個(gè)社會(huì)中,語(yǔ)言的結(jié)構(gòu)決定習(xí)慣思維的結(jié)構(gòu)。26.Bylinkingdirectlytoournervoussystem,computerscouldpickupwhatwefeeland,hopefully,simulatefeelingtoosothatwecanstarttodevelopfullsensoryenvironments,ratherliketheholidaysinTotalRecallortheStarTrekholodeck.句子主干：...computerscouldpickup譯文：通過(guò)直接與我們的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)相連接，電腦能夠料及到我們的感情并且有望模擬我們的情感，這樣我們就能著手開(kāi)發(fā)完全傳感的環(huán)境，類(lèi)似于電影“全面回顧”中的度假或“星球旅行”中的全息甲板?！盬horf

came

to

believe

in

a

sort

oflinguistic

determinism

which,

in

its

strongest

form,

statesthat

language

imprisons

themind,

and

that

the

grammatical

patterns

in

a

language

can

producefar-reachingconsequences

for

the

culture

of

a

society.

句子主干：Whorf

came

to

believe

in

a

sort

oflinguistic

determinism...譯文：Whorf進(jìn)而相信某種類(lèi)似語(yǔ)言決定論的觀點(diǎn),其極端說(shuō)法是：語(yǔ)言禁錮思維,語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)能對(duì)一個(gè)社會(huì)的文化產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。28.Thisalonedemonstratesthatthetelevisionbusinessisnotaneasyworldtosurvive,inafactunderlinedbystatisticsthatshowthatoutofeightyE