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MBA英語(yǔ)閱讀精講匯粹(1)

Passageone(Theonlywaytotravelisonfoot)

Thepastagesofmanhaveallbeencarefullylabeledbyanthropologists.Descriptionslike'PalaeolithicMan',

'NeolithicMan',etc.,neatlysumupwholeperiods.Whenthetimecomesforanthropologiststoturntheirattentionto

thetwentiethcentury,theywillsurelychoosethelabel'LeglessMan\Historiesofthetimewillgosomethinglikethis:

'inthetwentiethcentury,peopleforgothowtousetheirlegs.Menandwomenmovedaboutincars,busesandtrains

fromaveryearlyage.Therewereliftsandescalatorsinalllargebuildingstopreventpeoplefromwalking.This

situationwasforceduponearthdwellersofthattimebecauseofmileseachday.Butthesurprisingthingisthatthey

didn'tusetheirlegsevenwhentheywentonholiday.Theybuiltcablerailways,ski-liftsandroadstothetopofevery

hugemountain.Allthebeautyspotsonearthweremarredbythepresenceoflargecarparks.'

Thefuturehistorybooksmightalsorecordthatweweredeprivedoftheuseofoureyes.Inourhurrytogetfromone

placetoanother,wefailedtoseeanythingontheway.Airtravelgivesyouabird's-eyeviewoftheworld-oreven

lessifthewingoftheaircrafthappenstogetinyourway.Whenyoutravelbycarortrainablurredimageofthe

countrysideconstantlysmearsthewindows.Cardrivers,inparticular,areforeverobsessedwiththeurgetogoonand

on:theyneverwanttostop.Isitthelureofthegreatmotorways,orwhat?Andasforseatravel,ithardlydeserves

mention.Itisperfectlysummedupinthewordsoftheoldsong:'Ijoinedthenavytoseetheworld,andwhatdidIsee?

Isawthesea?Thetypicaltwentieth-centurytraveleristhemanwhoalwayssaysTvebeenthere.'Youmentionthe

remotest,mostevocativeplace-namesintheworldlikeElDorado,Kabul,IrkutskandsomeoneisboundtosayTve

beenthere?-meaning,41drovethroughitat100milesanhouronthewaytosomewhereelse.?

Whenyoutravelathighspeeds,thepresentmeansnothing:youlivemainlyinthefuturebecauseyouspendmostof

yourtimelookingforwardtoarrivingatsomeotherplace.Butactualarrival,whenitisachieved,ismeaningless.You

wanttomoveonagain.Bytravelinglikethis,yoususpendallexperience;thepresentceasestobeareality:youmight

justaswellbedead.Thetraveleronfoot,ontheotherhand,livesconstantlyinthepresent.Forhimtravelingand

arrivingareoneandthesamething:hearrivessomewherewitheverystephemakes.Heexperiencesthepresent

momentwithhiseyes,hisearsandthewholeofhisbody.Attheendofhisjourneyhefeelsadeliciousphysical

weariness.Heknowsthatsound.Satisfyingsleepwillbehis:thejustrewardofalltruetravellers.

1、Anthorpologistslabelnowaday'smen'Legless'because

Apeopleforgethowtousehislegs.

Bpeopleprefercars,busesandtrains.

Cliftsandescalatorspreventpeoplefromwalking.

Dtherearealotoftransportationdevices.

2、Travellingathighspeedmeans

Apeople'sfocusonthefuture.

Bapleasure.

Csatisfyingdrivers'greatthrill.

Danecessityoflife.

3、Whydoestheauthorsay4wearedeprivedoftheuseofoureyes'?

APeoplewon'tusetheireyes.

BIntravelingathighspeed,eyesbecomeuseless.

CPeoplecan'tseeanythingonhiswayoftravel.

DPeoplewanttosleepduringtravelling.

4、Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?

ALegsbecomeweaker.

BModemmeansoftransportationmaketheworldasmallplace.

CThereisnoneedtouseeyes.

DThebestwaytotravelisonfoot.

5.Whatdoes4abird's-eyeview'mean?

ASeeviewwithbird'seyes.

BAbirdlooksatabeautifulview.

CItisageneralviewfromahighpositionlookingdown.

DAscenicplace.

VOCABULARY

1.Palaeolithic舊石器時(shí)代的

2.Neolithic新石器時(shí)代的

3.escalator自動(dòng)電梯,自動(dòng)扶梯

4.ski-lift載送滑雪者上坡的裝置

5.mar損壞,毀壞

6.blur模糊不清,朦朧

7.smear涂,弄臟,弄模糊(尤指畫(huà)面、輪廓等)

8.evocative引起回憶的,喚起感情的

9.ElDorado(由當(dāng)時(shí)西班牙征服者想象中的南美洲)黃金國(guó),寶山,富庶之鄉(xiāng)

10.Kabul喀布爾(阿富汗首都)

11.Irkutsk伊爾庫(kù)茨克(原蘇聯(lián)亞洲城市)

難句譯注與答案詳解

Theonlywaytotravelisonfoot旅游的唯一方法是走路

難句譯注

1.Airtravelgivesyouabird,s-eyeviewoftheworld—orevenifthewingoftheaircrafthappenstogetinyourway.

【參考譯文】飛機(jī)旅行,你只可俯視世界一一如果機(jī)翼碰巧擋住了你的視線(xiàn),就看得更少了。

2.Whenyoutravelbycarortrainablurredimageofthecountry-sideconstantlysmearsthewindows.

【參考譯文】如果乘車(chē)或火車(chē)旅行,郊外模糊朦朧的景象不斷地掠過(guò)窗口。

寫(xiě)作方法與文章大意

文章以因果寫(xiě)作方法,寫(xiě)出了由于種種現(xiàn)代化交通設(shè)施、人們不需用腳走路,甚至也不需要用眼看景,出門(mén)

就坐汽車(chē)、公交車(chē)、地鐵、飛機(jī)……,車(chē)、機(jī)速度飛快,外邊的景物難以看清,最終導(dǎo)致人們忘記用腳、用

眼成為“無(wú)腳之人?切都經(jīng)歷不到。作者建議最佳的旅游方法是徒步一一經(jīng)歷現(xiàn)實(shí)。

答案詳解

1.A人們忘了用腳。答案在第一段:人類(lèi)學(xué)家把以往年代的人們分別標(biāo)上舊石器時(shí)代、新石器時(shí)代人,等等。

干脆利落地總結(jié)了一個(gè)時(shí)期。當(dāng)他們轉(zhuǎn)向20世紀(jì),他們肯定會(huì)標(biāo)上“無(wú)腳的人”。因?yàn)樵?0世紀(jì),人們忘了如

何用腳走路。男人女人早年外出就坐車(chē)、公共汽車(chē)、火車(chē)。大樓里由電梯、自動(dòng)扶梯,不需要人們走路。即

使度假期間,他們也不用腳。他們筑有纜車(chē)道、滑雪載車(chē)和路直通山頂。所有的風(fēng)景旅游區(qū)都有大型的汽車(chē)

停車(chē)場(chǎng)。

B人們喜歡汽車(chē)、公交車(chē)、火車(chē)等。C電梯、自動(dòng)扶梯制止人們走路。D有許多交通運(yùn)輸工具。

2.A人們的注意力在未來(lái)。見(jiàn)最后?段第?句話(huà):當(dāng)你高速旅行,現(xiàn)在等于零,你主要生活在未來(lái),因?yàn)槟?/p>

大部分時(shí)間盯在前面到達(dá)的某個(gè)地方。真到了,又沒(méi)有意義了,你還要再向前進(jìn)。

B是一種歡樂(lè)。C滿(mǎn)足司機(jī)強(qiáng)烈的渴望。第二段中提及死機(jī)醉心于開(kāi)車(chē)、不停車(chē)但不是快速前進(jìn)著眼于未

來(lái)。D生活的需要。這一條在第一段中提及這種情況是因?yàn)樗麄兡钱惓5纳罘椒◤?qiáng)加給時(shí)代的居民。這是

指不用腳走路,而用一切代步器一一交通運(yùn)輸工具,不是開(kāi)快車(chē)。

3.C人們?cè)诼眯型局惺裁炊家?jiàn)不到。答案在第二段,由一地轉(zhuǎn)向另一地,路上你什么都沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到。乘飛機(jī)你

只能俯視世界,火車(chē),汽車(chē),只見(jiàn)外界朦朧景象掠過(guò)窗子。海上旅游,只見(jiàn)到海?!拔业竭^(guò)那里'’此話(huà)含義就是

“我以一小時(shí)一百英里在去某某地方時(shí)經(jīng)過(guò)那里“。正因?yàn)槿绱?,作者指出將?lái)的歷史書(shū)上會(huì)記錄下:我們被剝

奪了眼睛的應(yīng)用。

A人們不愿用眼睛。B在高速旅行中,眼睛沒(méi)有用了。D旅行中,人們想睡覺(jué)。

4.D旅行的最佳方式是走路。文章第一段、第二段分別講述了旅行可不用腳、不用眼等情況。第三段,在講

述了人們只知向前向前,一切經(jīng)歷都停滯,現(xiàn)實(shí)不再是現(xiàn)實(shí),還不如死的好。而用腳走路的旅行者總是生活

再現(xiàn)實(shí),對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)旅行和到達(dá)是一回事,他一步?步走到某地,他用眼睛、耳朵,以至整個(gè)身體去體驗(yàn)現(xiàn)在

時(shí)刻、旅行終點(diǎn),他感到全身舒坦愉悅的疲勞,美美享受滿(mǎn)足的酣睡;一切真正旅行者的真實(shí)報(bào)償。這一段

就是作者寫(xiě)文章的目的一一走路是旅行的最佳方式。

A腳變得軟弱無(wú)力。B現(xiàn)代交通工具把世界變小。C沒(méi)有必要用眼睛。

5.C從高出向下看的景致:俯視。

A用鳥(niǎo)的眼睛看景點(diǎn)。B鳥(niǎo)在看美景。D風(fēng)景點(diǎn)。

MBA英語(yǔ)閱讀精講匯粹(2)

Passagetwo(ViciousandDangerousSportsShouldbeBannedbyLaw)

Whenyouthinkofthetremendoustechnologicalprogresswehavemade,ifsamazinghowlittlewehavedeveloped

inotherrespects.WemayspeakcontemptuouslyofthepooroldRomansbecausetheyrelishedtheorgiesofslaughter

thatwentonintheirarenas.Wemaydespisethembecausetheymistookthesegoingsonforentertainment.Wemay

forgivethemcondescendinglybecausetheylived2000yearsagoandobviouslyknewnobetter.Butareourfeelings

ofsuperiorityreallyjustified?Areweanylessblood-thirsty?Whydoboxingmatches,forinstance,attractsuch

universalinterest?Don'tthespectatorswhoattendthemhopetheywillseesomeviolence?Humanbeingsremainsas

bloodthirstyasevertheywere.TheonlydifferencebetweenourselvesandtheRomansisthatwhiletheywerehonest

enoughtoadmitthattheyenjoyedwatchinghungeylionstearingpeopleapartandeatingthemalive,wefindallsorts

ofsophisticatedargumentstodefendsportswhichshouldhavebeenbannedlongage;sportswhicharequiteas

barbarousas,say,publichangingsorbearbaiting.

Itreallyisincrediblethatinthisdayandageweshouldstillallowhuntingorbull-fighting,thatweshouldbeprepared

tositbackandwatchtwomenbattereachothertopulpinaboxingring,thatweshouldberelativelyunmovedbythe

sightofoneoranumberofracingcarscrashingandburstingintoflames.Letusnotdeceiveourselves.Anytalkof

'thesportingspirit'issheerhypocrisy.Peopletakepartinviolentsportsbecauseofthehighrewardstheybring.

Spectatorsarewillingtopayvastsumsofmoneytoseeviolence.Aworldheavyweightchampionshipmatch,for

instance,isfrontpagenews.Millionsofpeoplearedisappointedifabigfightisoverintworoundsinsteadoffifteen.

Theyfeeldisappointmentbecausetheyhavebeendeprivedoftheexquisitepleasureofwitnessingprolongedtorture

andviolence.

Whyshouldwebanviolentsportsifpeopleenjoythemsomuch?Youmaywellask.Theanswerissimple:theyare

uncivilized.Forcenturiesmanhasbeentryingtoimprovehimselfspirituallyandemotionally-admittedlywithlittle

success.Butatleastwenolongertoleratethesightmadmencoopedupincages,orpublicfloggingsofanyofthe

countlessotherbarbaricpracticeswhichwerecommoninthepast.Prisonsarenolongerthegrimforbiddingplaces

theyusedtobe.Socialwelfaresystemsareinoperationinmanypartsoftheworld.Bigeffortsarebeingmadeto

distributewealthfairly.Thesechangeshavecomeaboutnotbecausehumanbeingshavesuddenlyandunaccountably

improved,butbecausepositivestepsweretakentochangethelaw.Thelawisthebiggestinstrumentofsocialchange

thatwehaveanditmayexertgreatcivilizinginfluence.Ifwebanneddangerousandviolentsports,wewouldbe

movingonestepfurthertoimprovingmankind.Wewouldrecognizethatviolenceisdegradingandunworthyof

humanbeings.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor'sopinionofnowadays'humanbeingsis

A.notveryhigh.B.high.

C.contemptuous.D.critical.

2.Themainideaofthispassageis

A.viciousanddangeroussportsshouldbebannedbylaw.

B.peoplearewillingtopayvastsumsmoneytoseeviolence.

C.tocomparetwodifferentattitudestowardsdangeroussports.

D.peoplearebloodthirstyinsports.

3.ThattheauthormentionstheoldRomansis

A.TocomparetheoldRomanswithtoday'speople.

B.togiveanexample.

C.toshowhumanbeingsinthepastknownothingbetter.

D.toindicatehumanbeingsareusedtobloodthirsty.

4.Howmanydangeroussportsdoestheauthormentioninthispassage?

A.Three.B.Five.

C.Six.D.Seven.

5.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageis

A.that,bybanningtheviolentsports,wehumanbeingscanimproveourselves.

B.that,bybanningthedangeroussports,wecanimprovethelaw.

C.thatwemusttakepositivestepstoimprovesocialwelfaresystem.

D.toshowlawisthemaininstrumentofsocialchange.

Vocabulary

1.relish從...獲得樂(lè)處,享受

2.orgy狂歡,放縱

3.arena競(jìng)技場(chǎng),活動(dòng)或斗爭(zhēng)的場(chǎng)所

4.blood-thirsty殘忍的,嗜血的

5.bear-baiting逗熊游戲

6.bull-fight斗牛

7.batter猛擊,連續(xù)地猛打/捶,亂打

8.pulp成紙漿,成軟塊

9.burstintoflames突然燃燒起來(lái)/著火

10.grim令人窒息的,簡(jiǎn)陋的

11.coopup把...關(guān)起來(lái)

難句譯注

1.bear-baiting逗熊游戲。這是一種十六、十七世紀(jì)流行于英國(guó)的游戲一一驅(qū)狗去咬綁著的熊,很殘忍,后被

禁止。

2....twomenbattereachothertopulpintheboxingring.

【結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析】batteronetopulp=beatonetoapulp狠揍某人,打癱某人

【參考譯文】?jī)蓚€(gè)人在拳擊場(chǎng)內(nèi)彼此狠揍,知道一個(gè)人被打倒在地,爬不起來(lái)。

3....unmovedbythesightofoneoranumberofracingcarscrashingandburstingintoflames.

【參考譯文】眼見(jiàn)一輛或多輛賽車(chē)相互撞擊,突然燒起來(lái)而無(wú)動(dòng)于衷。

4.Aworldheavyweightchampionshipmatchisfrontpagenews.

【參考譯文】世界重量級(jí)冠軍賽總是頭版頭條新聞。

寫(xiě)作方法與文章大意

作者采取先對(duì)比、后分析的寫(xiě)作手法。先是今人和古羅馬人對(duì)暴虐體育上對(duì)此兩者都欣賞。后者坦率成人“欣

賞暴力體育”,前者施以各種接口、實(shí)際都是嗜血成性者。第二段進(jìn)一步剖析今人欣賞暴虐體育的種種實(shí)例,

最后指出改善“暴虐”的根本嗜為改善法律采取積極的步驟,法律才能施以巨大的文明影響,否則人類(lèi)很難改變。

答案詳解

I.A.不太高。文章一開(kāi)始就點(diǎn)出科技巨大進(jìn)步,而其他方面進(jìn)展很少。人們以輕蔑的口氣談及可憐的古羅馬

人,因?yàn)樗麄冃蕾p競(jìng)技場(chǎng)上的屠殺。我們輕視他們,因?yàn)樗麄儼堰@些屠殺視為娛樂(lè)。我們可以降階/屈尊地諒

解他們,因?yàn)樗麄兩钤?000年前,顯然,對(duì)好的東西不知道。在這里作者反問(wèn),我們的優(yōu)越感是否正確呢?

我們的嗜血性是不是少一些?為什么拳擊比賽吸引那么許多人?在場(chǎng)的觀(guān)賞者(觀(guān)眾)是不是也希望看到一

些暴力呢?結(jié)論是:人類(lèi)和過(guò)去一樣殘忍。唯一的不同點(diǎn)在于古羅馬人很誠(chéng)實(shí),他們承認(rèn)他們欣賞觀(guān)看饑餓

的獅子把人撕碎,活生生吃掉,而我們會(huì)找出各種精辟的理由來(lái)保衛(wèi)早該制止的運(yùn)動(dòng)。第二段舉出具體例子,

如斗牛、拳擊中把人打癱在地、車(chē)賽中,車(chē)子碰撞起火,人們就坐在那里觀(guān)看欣賞,參賽者是為了高報(bào)酬,

觀(guān)眾付出大筆錢(qián)財(cái)是為了看到暴力。作者指出任何體育精神的說(shuō)法純粹是虛偽。如果一場(chǎng)打比賽(世界重量

級(jí)冠軍賽),兩輪而不是十五輪就告結(jié)束,成千上百萬(wàn)人們會(huì)感到失望一一這些都證明人的卑下,不文明。這

兩段似乎也證明作者的觀(guān)點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是C項(xiàng)一一蔑視的。但在第三段談及,好幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái),人們一直試圖在精

神上和情感上改善自己,又得承認(rèn)不怎么成功??芍辽傥覀儾辉偃萑摊?cè)私d于籠中,當(dāng)眾鞭撻,以及其他

許多過(guò)去普遍存在的野蠻行徑。監(jiān)獄也不再是過(guò)去那種令人窒息的禁錮之地,社會(huì)福利制度在全世界許多地

方推行。在財(cái)富公平分配上也作了很大的努力。這些變化的出現(xiàn)不是因?yàn)槿送蝗桓纳?,而是在改變法律上?/p>

取了積極的步驟。如果我們禁止危險(xiǎn)的暴力體育項(xiàng)目,那么我們?cè)诟纳迫祟?lèi)方面又前進(jìn)了一步。我們會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)

暴力是人類(lèi)的墮落和卑下(人類(lèi)不應(yīng)有的)。從這段來(lái)看,作者對(duì)人類(lèi)還抱有希望,不是很蔑視。所以選A項(xiàng)。

2.A.法律應(yīng)禁止墮落而又危險(xiǎn)的體育項(xiàng)目。見(jiàn)第一題注釋。作者從古羅馬人欣賞殘忍的體育項(xiàng)目說(shuō)起,點(diǎn)出

現(xiàn)代人也是嗜血成性,喜歡暴力體育項(xiàng)目。這是不文明,是墮落。必須制止,而法律是我們社會(huì)改革最強(qiáng)大

的工具,它可應(yīng)用,發(fā)揮強(qiáng)大的文明影響(第三段倒數(shù)第三句)

B.人們?cè)敢庵Ц毒薮罂铐?xiàng)來(lái)觀(guān)看暴力。這是作者說(shuō)明“嗜血成性”的具體內(nèi)容之一。C.對(duì)比對(duì)危險(xiǎn)體育項(xiàng)目不

同的態(tài)度。這里沒(méi)有對(duì)比。D.人類(lèi)嗜血成性。這是作者認(rèn)為人們?yōu)槭裁葱蕾p危險(xiǎn)殘忍體育項(xiàng)目的根源。

3.D.人們?cè)隗w育上習(xí)慣于“嗜血成性”,過(guò)去是,現(xiàn)在仍然是,不同點(diǎn)只是前者坦直承認(rèn),后者婉轉(zhuǎn)掩飾。見(jiàn)

第一題注釋。

A.把古羅馬人和現(xiàn)代人對(duì)比。這項(xiàng)沒(méi)有說(shuō)明對(duì)比什么。B.給出一個(gè)例子。太抽象。C.說(shuō)明過(guò)去人類(lèi)不太知

道更美好的東西,這兩項(xiàng)都沒(méi)有到位。

4.B.5個(gè)。作者提到⑴逗熊游戲;⑵斗牛;⑶車(chē)賽;⑷拳擊;⑸人獅斗。至于當(dāng)眾鞭撻和絞刑不能稱(chēng)作體育

活動(dòng)。

5.A.通過(guò)制止野蠻體育項(xiàng)目,我們能改善人類(lèi)自身。這在第三段講的最透徹,見(jiàn)第一題和第二題注釋。

B.通過(guò)制止野蠻體育活動(dòng),我們能改善法律,不完全對(duì)。作者明確指出要用法律來(lái)禁止野蠻體育項(xiàng)目。C.我

們必須采取積極步驟來(lái)改善社會(huì)福利體制。D.去表明法律是社會(huì)變革的主要工具。

MBA英語(yǔ)閱讀精講匯粹(3)

Passagethree(AdvertisersPerformaUsefulServicetotheCommunity)

Advertiserstendtothinkbigandperhapsthisiswhythey'realwayscoininginfbrcriticism.Theircriticsseemto

resentthembecausetheyhaveaflairfbrsei(^promotionandbecausetheyhavesomuchmoneytothrowaround.'It's

iniquitous/theysay,'thatthisentirelyunproductiveindustry(ifwecancallitthat)shouldabsorbmillionsofpounds

eachyear.Itonlygoestoshowhowmuchprofitthebigcompaniesaremaking.Whydon'ttheystopadvertisingand

reducethepriceoftheirgoods?Afterall,it'stheconsumerwhopays../

Thepooroldconsumer!He'dhavetopayagreatdealmoreifadvertisingdidn'tcreatemassmarketsfbrproducts.It

ispreciselybecauseoftheheavyadvertisingthatconsumergoodsaresocheap.Butwegetthewrongideaifwethink

theonlypurposeofadvertisingistosellgoods.Anotherequallyimportantfunctionistoinform.Agreatdealofthe

knowledgewehaveabouthouseholdgoodsderiveslargelyfromtheadvertisementsweread.Advertisements

introduceustonewproductsorremindusoftheexistenceofoneswealreadyknowabout.Supposingyouwantedto

buyawashingmachine,itismorethanlikelyyouwouldobtaindetailsregardingperformance,price,etc.,froman

advertisement.

Lotsofpeoplepretendthattheyneverreadadvertisements,butthisclaimmaybeseriouslydoubted.Itishardly

possiblenottoreadadvertisementsthesedays.Andwhatfiintheyoftenare,too!Justthinkwhatarailwaystationora

newspaperwouldbelikewithoutadvertisements.Wouldyouenjoygazingatablankwallorreadingrailwaybyelaws

whilewaitingfbratrain?Wouldyouliketoreadonlycloselyprintedcolumnsofnewsinyourdailypaper?Acheerful,

wittyadvertisementmakessuchadifferencetoadrabwalloranewspaperfiillofthedailyrationofcalamities.

Wemustnotforget,either,thatadvertisingmakesapositivecontributiontoourpockets.Newspapers,commercial

radioandtelevisioncompaniescouldnotsubsistwithoutthissourceofrevenue.Thefactthatwepaysolittlefbrour

dailypaper,orcanenjoysomanybroadcastprogrammesisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.Justthink

whatanewspaperwouldcostifwehadtopayitsfiillprice!

Anotherthingwemustn'tforgetisthe'smallads.'whichareinvirtuallyeverynewspaperandmagazine.Whata

tremendouslyusefulservicetheyperformfbrthecommunity!Justaboutanythingcanbeaccomplishedthroughthese

columns.Forinstance,youcanfindajob,buyorsellahouse,announceabirth,marriageordeathinwhatusedtobe

calledthe'hatch,matchanddispatch,columnbutbyfarthemostfascinatingsectionisthepersonalor'agony'

column.Nootheriteminanewspaperprovidessuchentertainingreadingorofferssuchadeepinsightintohuman

nature.Ifsthebestadvertisementfbradvertisingthereis!

1.Whatismainideaofthispassage?

A.Advertisement.

B.Thebenefitsofadvertisement.

C.Advertisersperformausefulservicetocommunities.

D.Thecostsofadvertisement.

2.Theattitudeoftheauthortowardadvertisersis

A.appreciative.

B.trustworthy.

C.critical.

D.dissatisfactory.

3.Whydothecriticscriticizeadvertisers?

A.Becauseadvertisersoftenbrag.

B.Becausecriticsthinkadvertisementisa“wasteofmoney”.

C.Becausecustomersareencouragedtobuymorethannecessary.

D.Becausecustomerspaymore.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNotTrue?

A.Advertisementmakescontributiontoourpocketsandwemayknoweverything.

B.Wecanbuywhatwewant.

C.Goodqualityproductsdon'tneedtobeadvertised.

D.Advertisementmakesourlifecolorful.

5.Thepassageis

A.Narration.

B.Description.

C.Criticism.

D.Argumentation.

Vocabulary

einfor(sth.)是某事物的對(duì)象,吸引(某事物),獲得

2.flair天資,天分

3.iniquitous極邪惡的,極不公正的

4.drab單調(diào)的,乏味的

5.subsist活下去,生存下去,維持下去

6.hatch孵化(指生孩子)

7.match匹配,婚姻

8.dispatch派遣,發(fā)送

9.agony極大痛苦,煎熬

10.agonycolumn(報(bào)刊中關(guān)于個(gè)人疑難問(wèn)題征詢(xún)意見(jiàn)的)讀者來(lái)信專(zhuān)欄

難句譯注

1.Advertiserstendtothinkbigandperhapsthisiswhythey'realwayscominginfbrcriticism.

【參考譯文】廣告商總是雄心勃勃(想得很大),也許這就是為什么他們老挨批評(píng)。

2.Theircriticsseemtoresentthembecausetheyhaveaflairfbrself-promotion.

【參考譯文】他們的批評(píng)者似乎對(duì)他們很氣憤,因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)谧晕姨Ц?標(biāo)榜上很有天分。

3.Nootheriteminanewspaperprovidessuchentertainingreadingoroffersuchdeepinsightintohumannature.

【參考譯文】報(bào)紙任何其他欄目都難以提供如此有趣的文章,或提供對(duì)人性的內(nèi)涵如此深刻的洞察。

4.It'sthebestadvertisementfbradvertisingthereis.

答案詳解

l.C.廣告對(duì)社會(huì)的服務(wù)很有用。作者從三方面來(lái)敘述廣告作用:第二段點(diǎn)出如果廣告不為產(chǎn)品開(kāi)辟?gòu)V大的市

場(chǎng),我們就得付出很多錢(qián),正是因?yàn)榇罅康膹V告費(fèi)用,消費(fèi)者的商品才會(huì)那么便宜。廣告除銷(xiāo)售商品外,其

重要的功能在通知/告訴信息,有關(guān)家用商品的許多只是來(lái)自廣告,還有新產(chǎn)品的介紹。

第三段講了美化環(huán)境功能。如果火車(chē)站的墻上和報(bào)上沒(méi)有廣告,那會(huì)怎么樣。一幅悅?cè)诵哪?,機(jī)智的廣告將

改變一切。

第四段講了它為我們省錢(qián):別忘了廣告對(duì)我們口袋作出積極的貢獻(xiàn)。報(bào)紙、電臺(tái)、電視臺(tái)公司沒(méi)有這筆收入

很難生存。我們的報(bào)紙,我們付給很少,或者說(shuō),我們能享受那么多的節(jié)目完全是因?yàn)閺V告商花的錢(qián)。如果

要我們付報(bào)紙的全價(jià),那我們要花多少錢(qián)!

最后?段講了各種專(zhuān)欄的功能。人們可以在這些欄目找工作、買(mǎi)賣(mài)房子、宣布婚喪嫁娶信息。這些都圍著?

個(gè)中心:廣告對(duì)社會(huì)服務(wù)的有用性。

A.廣告。太籠統(tǒng)。B.廣告之優(yōu)點(diǎn)。文章不是講優(yōu)點(diǎn),而是講服務(wù)于社會(huì)的功能。D.廣告費(fèi)用。

2.A.欣賞/贊賞。從上述注釋也可推知是A項(xiàng)。最重要的,作者提出種種功能,是為了反駁第一段內(nèi)提到的論

點(diǎn):完全是非生產(chǎn)企業(yè)每年吸收幾百萬(wàn)鎊,這說(shuō)明這些大公司利潤(rùn)有多高。最重要的是消費(fèi)者付的廣告費(fèi)等。

反駁更說(shuō)明了A項(xiàng)對(duì)。

B.值得信任。C.批評(píng)。D.不滿(mǎn)意。

3.A.因?yàn)閺V告商常常愛(ài)吹,。見(jiàn)難句譯注1.。

B.因?yàn)榕u(píng)者認(rèn)為廣告浪費(fèi)錢(qián)。C.因?yàn)閺V告促使消費(fèi)者購(gòu)買(mǎi)不必要的東西。D.因?yàn)橄M(fèi)者支付更多。

4.C.優(yōu)質(zhì)產(chǎn)品不需要廣告。一切產(chǎn)品都需要廣告,新產(chǎn)品、老產(chǎn)品都需要。

A.廣告對(duì)我們的口袋作出貢獻(xiàn)。B.我們可以買(mǎi)到我們所需的。D.廣告使我們生活豐富多彩。這三條都提

到也是真實(shí)的。

5.C.文章?開(kāi)始就提到對(duì)廣告的批評(píng),然后作者以對(duì)比的手法說(shuō)明其功能。

A.敘事。B.描寫(xiě)。D.議論。

MBA英語(yǔ)閱讀精講匯粹(4)

Passagefour(preface)

Scienceisadominantthemeinourculture.Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlife,educatedpeopleneedat

leastsomeacquaintancewithitsstructureandoperation.Theyshouldalsohaveanunderstandingofthesubculturein

whichscientistsliveandthekindsofpeopletheyare.Anunderstandingofgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceaswellas

specificscientificconceptsiseasiertoattainifoneknowssomethingaboutthethingsthatexciteandfrustratethe

scientist.

Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentorlaypersonwhoseacquaintancewithscienceissuperficial;forthe

personwhohasbeenpresentedwithscienceasamustystorehouseofdriedfacts;forthepersonwhoseesthechief

objectiveofscienceastheproductionofgadgets;andforthepersonwhoviewsthescientistsassomesortofmagician.

Thebookcanbeusedtosupplementacourseinanyscience,toaccompanyanycoursethatattemptstogivean

understandingofthemodernworld,or-independentlyofanycourse-simplytoprovideabetterunderstandingof

science.Wehopethisbookwillleadreaderstoabroaderperspectiveonscientificattitudesandamorerealisticview

ofwhatscienceis,whoscientistsare,andwhattheydo.Itwillgivethemanawarenessandunderstandingofthe

relationshipbetweenscienceandourcultureandanappreciationoftherolessciencemayplayinourculture.In

addition,readersmaylearntoappreciatetherelationshipbetweenscientificviewsandsomeofthevaluesand

philosophiesthatarepervasiveinourculture.

Wehavetriedtopresentinthisbookanaccurateandup-to-datepictureofthescientificcommunityandthepeople

whopopulateit.Thatpopulationhasinrecentyearscometocomprisemoreandmorewomen.Thisincreasingroleof

womeninthescientificsubcultureisnotanuniqueincidentbut,rather,partofthetrendevidentinallsegmentsof

societyasmorewomenentertraditionallymale-dominatedfieldsandmakesignificantcontributions.Indiscussing

thesechangesandcontribution,however,wearefacedwithalanguagethatisimplicitlysexist,onethatusesmale

nounsorpronounsinreferringtounspecifiedindividuals.Tooffsetthisbuilt-inbias,wehaveadoptedthepolicyof

usingpluralnounsandpronounswheneverpossibleand,whenabsolutelynecessary,alternatingheandshe.This

policyisfarformbeingideal,butitisatleastanacknowledgmentoftheinadequacyofourlanguageintreatinghalf

ofthehumanraceequally.

Wehavealsotriedtomakethebookentertainingaswellasinformative.Ourapproachisusuallyinformal.Wefeel,

asdomanyotherscientists,thatweshouldn'ttakeourselvestooseriously.Asthereadermayobserve,weseescience

asadelightfulpastimeratherthanasagrimanddrearywaytoearnaliving.

1.Accordingtothepassage,"scientificsubculture5means

[A]culturalgroupsthatareformedbyscientists.

[B]peoplewhoseknowledgeofscienceisverylimited.

[C]thescientificcommunity.

[D]peoplewhomakegoodcontributiontoscience.

2.Weneedtoknowsomethingaboutthestructureandoperationofsciencebecause

[A]itisnoteasytounderstandthethingsthatexciteandfrustratescientists.

[B]Scienceaffectsalmosteveryaspectofourlife.

[C]Scientistsliveinaspecificsubculture.

[D]Itiseasiertounderstandgeneralcharacteristicsofscience.

3.Thebookmentionedinthispassageiswrittenforreaderswho

[A]areintelligentcollegestudentsandlaypersonwhodonotknowmuchaboutscience.

[B]aregoodatproducingvariousgadgets.

[C]workinastorehouseofdriedfacts.

[D]wanttohaveasuperficialunderstandingofscience.

4.Accordingtothispassage,

[A]Englishisasexistlanguage.

[B]onlyinthescientificworldistheroleofwomenincreasingrapidly.

[C]womenaremakingsignificantcontributionstoeliminatingtheinadequacyofourlanguage.

[D]malenounsorpronounsshouldnotbeusedtorefertoscientists.

5.Thispassagemostprobablyis

[A]abookreview.

[B]theprefaceofabook.

[C]thepostscriptofabook.

[D]theconcludingpartofabook.

Vocabulary

1.subculture亞文化群(指在一個(gè)社會(huì)或一種文化內(nèi)具有獨(dú)特性的一群人)

2.superficial膚淺的,淺薄的,表面的

3.layperson外行,門(mén)外漢,俗人

4.musty發(fā)毒的,老朽的,陳腐的

5.gadget小玩意兒,小配件,新發(fā)明

6.pervasive滲透的,彌漫的,遍布的

7.populate居住于..中,在...中占一席之地

8.implicit含蓄的,內(nèi)含的

9.unspecified未特別提出的

10.offset抵消,補(bǔ)償

難句譯注

1.Anunderstandingofgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceaswellasspecificscientificconceptsiseasiertoattainifone

knowssomethingaboutthethingsthatexciteandfrustratethescientist.

【參考譯文】如果一個(gè)人知道那些使科學(xué)家激動(dòng)不已和灰心喪氣的東西,那就比較容易了解科學(xué)的一般(普

遍)特征以及特殊科學(xué)概念。

2.Wchopethisbookwillleadreaderstoabroaderperspectiveonscientificattitudeandamorerealisticviewofwhat

scienceis,whoscientistsareandwhattheydo.

【參考譯文】我們希望這本書(shū)能引導(dǎo)讀者對(duì)科學(xué)觀(guān)念有一個(gè)更為廣闊的透視;對(duì)什么是科學(xué)、科學(xué)家是些什

么人以及他們?cè)诟墒裁从幸粋€(gè)更為現(xiàn)實(shí)的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。

3.Inaddition,readersmaylearntoappreciatetherelationshipbetweenscientificviewsandsomeofthevaluesand

philosophiesthatarepervasiveinourculture.

【參考譯文】另外,讀者可學(xué)會(huì)正確評(píng)價(jià)科學(xué)觀(guān)點(diǎn)與我們文化中無(wú)處不在的某些價(jià)值觀(guān)和哲學(xué)思想之間的關(guān)

系。

4.Thisincreasingroleofwomeninthescientificsubcultureisnotanuniqueincidentbut,rather,partofthetrend

evidentinallsegmentsofsocietyasmorewomenentertraditionallymale-dominatedfieldsandmakesignificant

contributions.

【參考譯文】科學(xué)亞文化群中婦女作用越來(lái)越大。這不是難得見(jiàn)的意外事件,而是,確切地說(shuō),在社會(huì)各

部門(mén)顯著潮流的一部分由于越來(lái)越多婦女進(jìn)入了傳統(tǒng)上為男子統(tǒng)治的領(lǐng)域并作出了重大的貢獻(xiàn)。

5.Thispolicyisfarfrombeingideal,butitisatleastanacknowledgementoftheinadequacyofourlanguagein

treatinghalfofhumanraceequally.

【參考譯文】這一策略并不理想,但它至少承認(rèn)了一個(gè)事實(shí),那就是在平等對(duì)待人類(lèi)另泮上,我們的語(yǔ)言

功能還不全。

答案詳解

1.C科學(xué)社區(qū)。答案在第一段第二句,人們也該了解科學(xué)家生活在其中的亞文化群以及他們是什么樣的人。

第三段又講到,有關(guān)科學(xué)社區(qū)的畫(huà)面以及婦女對(duì)科學(xué)亞文化的貢獻(xiàn)??梢?jiàn)科學(xué)社區(qū)即亞文化。

A.科學(xué)家所組成種種文化群體。B.科學(xué)知識(shí)有限的一些人。C,對(duì)科學(xué)作出很大貢獻(xiàn)的人。

2.B因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)幾乎影響到我們生活的各個(gè)方面。文章開(kāi)綜明旨點(diǎn)出:科學(xué)是我們文化中的重要主題,由于它

幾乎涉及到我們生活的每一方面,有知識(shí)的人至少需要熟悉一些結(jié)構(gòu)和作用。

A.了解激發(fā)和挫傷科學(xué)家的事情可不太容易。(比較難)C.科學(xué)家生活在特定的亞文化群中。D.了解科學(xué)

的一般特性比較容易。

3.A不太了解科學(xué)的大學(xué)生或門(mén)外漢。第二段首句就點(diǎn)出了這本書(shū)為對(duì)科學(xué)一知半解的大學(xué)生和門(mén)外漢所寫(xiě),

為某些人,一直把科學(xué)看作干巴巴的事實(shí)堆砌的發(fā)霉的石屋的人;為那種把科學(xué)的主要目的視為生產(chǎn)小配件

的人;為那些把科學(xué)視為某種魔術(shù)的人而寫(xiě)。這說(shuō)明主要為A項(xiàng)人所寫(xiě),對(duì)科學(xué)了解不多的大學(xué)生和普通人。

B.善于生產(chǎn)各種小配件。C.在干巴巴的事實(shí)堆砌的石屋中工作。D.相對(duì)科學(xué)有膚淺了解的人。

4.D不應(yīng)當(dāng)用陽(yáng)性的名詞和代詞去指科學(xué)家。第三段集中講了這本書(shū)提供精確而又現(xiàn)代的有關(guān)科學(xué)社區(qū)(社

會(huì))和居住在其中的人的畫(huà)卷。近年來(lái),越來(lái)越多的婦女包括進(jìn)來(lái),原因是許多婦女進(jìn)入傳統(tǒng)上為男人統(tǒng)治

的領(lǐng)域,并作出巨大貢獻(xiàn),所以婦女在科學(xué)亞文化群中的增多并不是罕見(jiàn)的偶然事件,而是社會(huì)各部門(mén)明顯

趨勢(shì)的組成部分。在討論其變化和貢獻(xiàn)時(shí),我們面臨著隱含性別歧視的語(yǔ)言一一用陽(yáng)性名詞和代詞來(lái)指未指

定人物,為了消除這種偏頗,我們?cè)诳赡芎捅匾獣r(shí)采用了復(fù)數(shù)名詞和代詞來(lái)取代他或她。

A.英語(yǔ)是一種性別語(yǔ)言。B.只有在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域中,婦女的作用增長(zhǎng)很快。C.婦女在曉民我們語(yǔ)言中的不適

當(dāng)性作出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。根據(jù)此題注釋說(shuō)明這三項(xiàng)都不對(duì)。英語(yǔ)不能說(shuō)成是有性別的語(yǔ)言,其中雖有些詞性

表示男性或女性。文內(nèi)明確指科學(xué)界婦女增多是整個(gè)社會(huì)的趨勢(shì)的組成部分。由于婦女在科學(xué)界的貢獻(xiàn),所

以不能再用陽(yáng)性名詞或代詞去指科學(xué)界,并不是在消滅語(yǔ)言……

5.B書(shū)的前言,見(jiàn)文章大意。

A.書(shū)的評(píng)論。C.書(shū)跋、書(shū)的附錄。D.書(shū)的結(jié)論部分。

MBA英語(yǔ)閱讀精講匯粹(5)

Passagefive(MeditationinIndonesianBusiness)

Itlookedlikeatypicalbusinessmeeting.Sixmen,neatlydressedinwhiteshirtsandtiesfiledintotheboardroomof

asmallJakartacompanyandsatdownatalongtable.Butinsteadofconsultingfilesorhearingreports,theyclosed

theireyesandbegantomeditate,consultingthespiritsofancientJavanesekings.Mysticismtouchesalmostevery

aspectoflifeinIndonesiaandbusinessisnoexception.Oneofthemeditatorssaidhisweeklymeditationsessionsare

aimedmainlyatbringingthepeaceofmindthatmakesforgooddecision-making.Buttheinsightgainedfrommystic

communicationwithspiritsofwisekingshasalsohelpedboosttheprofitsofhisfivecompanies.

Mysticismandprofitshavecometogethersincethe13thcenturyintroductionofIslamtoIndonesiabyIndian

Moslemmerchants.Thosedevouttraders,called'WaliUllah'or'thoseclosetoGod,'energeticallyspreadbothtrade

andreligionbyadaptingtheirappealstothenativemysticismofJava.Legendsattributemagicpowerof

foreknowledgetotheWaliUllah.Thesepowerswerebelievedtobegainedthroughmeditationandfasting.

BusinessmanHadisikosaidhisgroupfastsandmeditatesallnighteveryThursdaytobecomeclosertoGodandto

contactthespiritsofthegreatmenofthepast.'Ifwewanttoemploysomeoneatthemanageriallevel,wemeditate

togetherandoftenthemessagecomesthatthismancan'tholeontomoneyorheisuntrustworthy.Ormaybethespirits

willtellusheshouldbehired/Hadizikohastenedtoaddthathiscompaniesalsoholdmodernpersonnel

managementsystemsandthatformalqualificationsareessentialfbracandidateeventobeconsidered.Perspective

investmentsalsoareconsideredthroughmysticmeditation.'Withthemindrelaxedandopen,itiseasiertobe

objectiveinjudgingtherisko

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