2023學年完整公開課版BOOK8-Unit2Cloning（區(qū)一等獎）

TimelineonCloningHighlights(1984-2007)

1984

·SteenWilladsenproduceslambfromsheepembryocells.

·Firstmammal,asheep,isclonedvianucleartransfer.

1986

·NealFirst,RandyPratherandWillardEyestone,scientistsfromtheUniversityofWisconsin,cloneacowfromembryoniccells.

1995

·KeithCampbellandIanWilmutcreatetheworld’sfirstclonedsheepfromdifferentiatedembryocells.TheynamethemMeganandMorag.

1996

·CampbellandWilmutclonethefirstsheepfromadultcells.TheynameherDolly.

1997

·ABSGlobal,DeForest,clonesfirstbullfromfetalcells.TheynamehimGene.

·UniversityofHawaiiMedicalSchoolclonesthefirstmousefromadultcells.

·PresidentClintonproposeshumancloningbanforatleastfiveyears.

·Thousandsofbiologistsandphysicianssignafive-yearvoluntarybanonhumancloningintheUnitedStates.

1998

·NineteenEuropeannationssignhumancloningban.

·IshikawaPrefecturalLivestockResearchCenterproducesfirstcowfromadultcells.

1999

·TexasA&MUniversityattemptstocloneadognamedMissy.

2000

·ResearchersatPPLTherapeuticsproducefirstswineclonedfromadultcells.

·ResearchersinChinaproducethefirstgoatclonedfromadultcells.

·ScientistsinItalyproducethefirstmouflonlamb,ararespecies,fromadultcells.

2001

·AdvancedCellTechnologyclonesagaur,thefirstendangeredspeciescloned.Theanimalappearshealthyatbirthbutdiestwodayslaterfromaninfection.

·ScientistsatTexasA&Mproducethefirstclonedpet,acatnamedcc,shortforcopycat.

·ScientistsinFranceproducethefirstrabbitsclonedfromadultcells.

2003

·OnFebruary14,Dollyiseuthanizedat6yearsafteraboutwithlungcancercausedbyavirus.Someresearchersspeculateshealsosufferedfromprematureaging.

·ScientistscompletetheHumanGenomeProjecttwoyearsaheadofschedule.

·AdvancedCellTechnologysaysithasdevelopedahumanembryothatprogressedto16cellsbyreplacingDNAineggcellswithDNAfromhumanbodycells.

·ScientistsinIdahoproducethefirstmuleclonedfromadultcells.

·AuroxLLCdevelopsChromatinTransfertechnology;amethodofcloninginwhichthedonorcellistreatedtoremoveunwantedtraits.Themethodsuccessfullyproducescattle.

·ScientistsinItalyproducethefirsthorseclonedfromadultcells.

·ResearchersatTexasA&Mproducethefirstdeerclonedfromanadultcell.

·ScientistsinFranceproducethefirstratsclonedfromadultcells.

2004

·SouthKoreanscientistsclaimtohavesuccessfullyclonedandextractedstemcellsfromahumanembryo.Aninvestigationfindsthatthedataisfabricated.CloningscientistHwangWoo-sukisindictedbytheSouthKoreangovernmentinMay2006onchargesofcriminalfraud,embezzlementoffunds,andbioethicslaw.Histeamisalsofoundtohaveaidedinthefraud.

2005

·IanWilmutisgrantedpermission,bytheBritishGovernment,toclonehumanembryosforresearch.

·Italianscientistsclonesecondhorse,fromthoroughbredgelding.

·SouthKoreanresearchersannouncethecreationoffirstcloneddog,anAfghanhound.