2020年大學(xué)英語四級預(yù)測題及答案

2020年大學(xué)英語四級預(yù)測題及答案

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowrite

anashorteasyonhowtobesthandletherelationshipbetween

doctorsandpatients.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbut

nomorethan180words.

PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Weallknowthereexistsgreatvoid（空白）inthepublic

educationalsystemwhenitcomesto(26)_______toSTEM

（Science,Technology,EngineeringMathematics）,Oneeducator

namedDoriRobertsdecidedtodosomethingtochangethissystem.

Doritaughthighschoolengineeringfor11years.Shenoticed

therewasarealvoidinqualitystemeducationat

all(27)_______ofthepubliceducationalsystem.shesaid,

“IstartedEngineeringforkids(EFK)afternoticingareal

lackofmath,scienceandengineeringprogramsto(28)_______

myownkidsin.”

Shedecidedtostartanafterschoolprogramwhere

children(29)_______inSTEM-basedcompetitions.Theclub

grewquicklyandwhenitreached180membersandthekidsin

theprogramwonseveralstate(30)_______.shedecidedto

devoteallhertimetocultivatingand(31)_______itTheglobal

businessEFKwasborn.

DoribeganoperatingEFKoutofherVirginiahome,whichshe

thenexpandedto(32)_______recreationcenters.Today,the

EFKprogram(33)_______over144branchesin32stateswithin

theUnitedStatesandin21countries.Saleshavedoubledfrom

$5millionin2014to$10millionin2015,with25newbranches

plannedfor2016.theEFKwebsitestates,“Ournationis

not(34)_______enoughengineers.Ourphilosophyisto

inspirekidsatayoungagetounderstandthatengineeringis

agreat(35)_______.”

A)attracted

B)career

C)championships

D)degrees

E)developing

F)enroll

G)exposure

H)feasible

I)feeding

J)graduating

K)interest

L)levels

M)local

N)operates

O)participated

SectionB

Whyaren’tyoucuriousaboutwhathappened?

[A]“YoususpendedRayRiceafterourvideo，”areporterfrom

TMZchallengedNationalFootballLeagueCommissionerRoger

Goodelltheotherday.“Whydidn’tyouhavethecuriosityto

gotothecasino（賭場）yourself?”Theimplicationofthe

questionisthatamorecuriouscommissionerwouldhavefound

awaytogetthetape.

[B]Theaccusationofincuriosityisonethatwehearoften,

carryingthesuggestionthatthereissomethingwrongwithnot

wantingtosearchoutthetruth,”havebeenbotheredforalong

timeaboutthecuriouslackofcuriosity,”saidaDemocratic

memberoftheNewJerseylegislaturebackinJuly,referring

toaninsufficientlyinquiringattitudeonthepartofan

assistanttoNewJerseyGovernorChrisChristiewhochosenot

toaskhardquestionsabouttheGeorgeWashingtonBridge

trafficscandal.“Isn’tthemainstreammediatheleastbit

curiousaboutwhathappened?”wroteconservativewriter

JenniferRubinearlierthisyear,referringtotheattackon

AmericansinBenghazi,Libya.

[C]Theimplication,ineachcase,isthatcuriosityisagood

thing，andalackofcuriosityisaproblem.Aresuchaccusations

simplyeffortstoscorepoliticalpointsforone’sparty?Or

istheresomethingofparticularvalueaboutcuriosityinand

ofitself?

[D]ThejournalistIanLeslie,inhisnewandenjoyablebook

Curious:TheDesiretoKnowandWhyYourFutureDependsonIt,

insiststhattheanswertothatlastquestionis‘Yes’.Leslie

arguesthatcuriosityisamuch-overlookedhumanvirtue,

crucialtooursuccess,andthatwearelosingit.

[E]Wearesuffering,hewrites,froma“serendipitydeficit.”

Theword“serendipity”wascoinedbyHoraceWalpoleinan1854

letter,fromataleofthreeprinceswho“werealwaysmaking

discoveries,byaccident,ofthingstheywerenotinsearchof.”

LeslieworriesthattheriseoftheInternet,amongothersocial

andtechnologicalchanges,hasreducedourappetiteforaimless

adventures.Nolongerhavewetheinclinationtoletourselves

wanderthroughfieldsofknowledge,readytobesurprised.

Instead,weseekonlytheinformationwewant.

[F]Whyisthisaproblem?Becausewithoutcuriositywewill

losethespiritofinnovationandentrepreneurship.Wewillsee

unimaginativegovernmentsanddyingcorporationsmake

disastrousdecisions.Wewillloseavitalpartofwhathasmade

humanityasawholesosuccessfulasaspecies.

[G]Lesliepresentsconsiderableevidencefortheproposition

thatthesocietyasawholeisgrowinglesscurious.IntheU.S.

andEurope,forexample,theriseoftheInternethasledto

adecliningconsumptionofnewsfromoutsidethereader’s

borders.Butnoteverythingistobeblamedontechnology.The

declineininterestinliteraryfictionisalsooneofthe

causesidentifiedbyLeslie.Readingliteraryfiction,hesays,

makesusmorecurious.

[H]Moreover,inordertobecurious,‘"youhavetobeaware

ofagapinyourknowledgeinthefirstplace.''AlthoughLeslie

perhapspaintsabitbroadlyincontendingthatmostofusare

unawareofhowmuchwedon’tknow,he’ssurelyrighttopoint

outthattheproblemisgrowing:“Googlecangiveusthe

powerfulillusionthatallquestionshavedefiniteanswers.”

[I]Indeed,Google,forwhichLeslieexpressesadmiration,is

alsohisfrequentwhippingboy(替罪羊)?HequotesGoogle

co-founderLarryPagetotheeffectthatthe“perfectsearch

engine”will“understandexactlywhatImeanandgivemeback

exactlywhatIwant.”Elsewhereinthebook,Lesliewrites:

“Googleaimstosaveyoufromthethirstofcuriosity

altogether.”

[J]Somewhatnostalgically(懷舊地)，hequotesJohnMaynard

Keynes'sjustlyfamouswordsofpraisetothebookstore:“One

shouldenteritvaguely,almostinadream,andallowwhatis

therefreelytoattractandinfluencetheeye.Towalkthe

roundsofthebookshops,dippinginascuriositydictates,

shouldbeanafternoon’sentertainment.”Ifonly!

[K]Citingtheworkofpsychologistsandcognitive(認知的）

scientists，Lesliecriticizesthereceivedwisdomthatacademic

successistheresultofacombinationofintellectualtalent

andhardwork.Curiosity,heargues,isthethirdkeyfactor

—andadifficultonetopreserve.Ifnotcultivated,itwill

notsurvive:“Childhoodcuriosityisacollaborationbetween

childandadult.Thesurestwaytokillitistoleaveitalone.”

[L]Schooleducation,hewarns,isoftenconductedinawaythat

makeschildrenincurious.Childrenofeducatedand

upper-middle-classparentsturnouttobefarmorecurious,

evenatearlyages,thanchildrenofworkingclassandlower

classfamilies.Thatlackofcuriosityproducesarelativelack

ofknowledge,andthelackofknowledgeisdifficultifnot

impossibletocompensateforlateron.

[M]AlthoughLeslie’sbookisn'taboutpolitics,hedoesn't

entirelyshyawayfromtheproblem.Politicalleaders,like

leadersofotherorganizations,shouldbecurious.Theyshould

askquestionsatcrucialmoments.Thereareserious

consequences,hewarns,innotwantingtoknow.

[N]HepresentsasanexamplethefailureoftheGeorgeW.Bush

administrationtoprepareproperlyfortheafter-effectsofthe

invasionofIraq.AccordingtoLeslie,thosewhoridiculed

formerDefenseSecretaryDonaldRumsfeldforhis2002remark

thatwehavetobewaryofthe“unknownunknowns”weremistaken.

Rumsfeld’sidea,Lesliewrites,“wasn’tabsurd一itwas

smart.”Headds,“Thetragedyisthathedidn’tfollowhis

ownadvice.”

[O]AllofwhichbringsusbacktoGoodellandtheChristiecase

andBenghazi.Eachcriticinthoseexamplesischarging,ina

differentway,thatsomeoneinauthorityisintentionallybeing

incurious.Ileaveittothereader’spoliticalpreferenceto

decidewhich,ifany,chargesshouldstick.Butlet’sbecareful

aboutdemandingcuriosityabouttheotherside’sweaknesses

andremainingdeterminedlyincuriousaboutourown.Weshould

bedelightedtopursueknowledgeforitsownsake—evenwhen

whatwefindoutissomethingwedidn'tparticularlywantto

know.

36.Tobecurious,weneedtorealizefirstofallthatthere

aremanythingswedon’tknow.

37.AccordingtoLeslie,curiosityisessentialtoone’s

success.

38.Weshouldfeelhappywhenwepursueknowledgefor

knowledge'ssake.

39.Politicalleaders'lackofcuriositywillresultinbad

consequences.

40.Thereareoftenaccusationsaboutpoliticians’andthe

media’slackofcuriositytofindoutthetruth.

41.Thelesscuriousachildis,thelessknowledgethechild

mayturnouttohave.

42.Itiswidelyacceptedthatacademicaccomplishmentliesin

bothintelligenceanddiligence.

43.Visitingabookshopascuriosityleadsuscanbeagoodway

toentertainourselves.

44.BoththeriseoftheInternetandreducedappetitefor

literaryfictioncontributetopeople’sdecliningcuriosity.

45.Mankindwouldn'tbesoinnovativewithoutcuriosity.

SectionC

PassageOne

Aginghappenstoallofus,andisgenerallythoughtofasa

naturalpartoflife.Itwouldseemsillytocallsuchathing

a“disease.”

Ontheotherhand,scientistsareincreasinglylearningthat

agingandbiologicalagearetwodifferentthings,andthatthe

formerisakeyriskfactorforconditionssuchasheartdisease,

cancerandmanymore.Inthatlight,agingitselfmightbeseen

assomethingtreatable,thewayyouwouldtreathighblood

pressureoravitamindeficiency.

BiophysicistAlexZhavoronkovbelievesthatagingshouldbe

consideredadisease.Hesaidthatdescribingagingasadisease

createsincentivestodeveloptreatments.

“Ituntiesthehandsofthepharmaceutical(制藥的）industry

sothattheycanbegintreatingthediseaseandnotjustthe

sideeffects,”hesaid.

‘‘Rightnow,peoplethinkofagingasnaturalandsomething

youcan’tcontrol:’hesaid.“Inacademiccircles,people

takeagingresearchasjustaninterestareawheretheycantry

todevelopinterventions.Themedicalcommunityalsotakes

agingforgranted,andcandonothingaboutitexceptkeep

peoplewithinacertainhealthrange.”

Butifagingwererecognizedasadisease,hesaid,“Itwould

attractfundingandchangethewaywedohealthcare.What

mattersisunderstandingthatagingiscurable.”

“Itwasalwaysknownthatthebodyaccumulatesdamage,”he

added.“Theonlywaytocureagingistofindwaystorepair

thatdamage.Ithinkofitaspreventivemedicinefor

age-relatedconditions.''

LeonardHayflick,aprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,

SanFrancisco,saidtheideathatagingcanbecuredimplies

thehumanlifespancanbeincreased,whichsomeresearchers

suggestispossible.Hayflickisnotamongthem.

“There’remanypeoplewhorecoverfromcancer,stroke,or

heartdisease.Buttheycontinuetoage,becauseagingis

separatefromtheirdisease,”Hayflicksaid.“Evenifthose

causesofdeathwereeliminated,lifeexpectancywouldstill

notgomuchbeyond92years.”

46.Whatdopeoplegenerallybelieveaboutaging?

A)Itshouldcausenoalarmwhatsoever.

B)Theyjustcannotdoanythingaboutit.

C)Itshouldberegardedasakindofdisease.

D)Theycandelayitwithadvancesinscience.

47.Howdomanyscientistsviewagingnow?

A)Itmightbepreventedandtreated.

B)Itcanbeasriskyasheartdisease.

C)Itresultsfromavitamindeficiency.

D)Itisanirreversiblebiologicalprocess.

48.WhatdoesAlexZhavoronkovthinkof“describingagingas

adisease”?

A)Itwillpromptpeopletotakeagingmoreseriously.

B)Itwillgreatlyhelpreducethesideeffectsofaging.

C)Itwillfreepharmacistsfromtheconventionalbeliefsabout

aging.

D)Itwillmotivatedoctorsandpharmaciststofindwaysto

treataging.

49.Whatdowelearnaboutthemedicalcommunity?

A)Theynowhaveastronginterestinresearchonaging.

B)Theydifferfromtheacademiccirclesintheirviewonaging.

C)Theycancontributetopeople’shealthonlytoalimited

extent.

D)Theyhavewaystointerveneinpeople'sagingprocess.

50.WhatdoesProfessorLeonardHayflickbelieve?

A)Thehumanlifespancannotbeprolonged.

B)Agingishardlyseparablefromdisease.

C)Fewpeoplecanliveuptotheageof92.

D)Heartdiseaseisthemajorcauseofaging.

PassageTwo

Femaleapplicantstopostdoctoralpositionsingeosciences

werenearlyhalfaslikelytoreceiveexcellentlettersof

recommendation，comparedwiththeirmalecounterparts.

ChristopherIntagliatareports.

Asinmanyotherfields,genderbiasiswidespreadinthe

sciences.Menscorehigherstartingsalaries,havemore

mentoring(指導(dǎo)），andhavebetteroddsofbeinghired.Studies

showthey’realsoperceivedasmorecompetentthanwomenin

STEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,andMathematics)

fields.Andnewresearchrevealsthatmenaremorelikelyto

receiveexcellentlettersofrecommendation,too.

“Say，youknow,thisisthebeststudentI’veeverhad,”says

KuheliDutt,asocialscientistanddiversityofficerat

ColumbiaUniversity’sLamontcampus.“Comparethoseexcellent

letterswithamerelygoodletter:'Thecandidatewas

productive,orintelligent,orasolidscientistorsomething

that’sclearlysolidpraise，’butnothingthatsinglesout

thecandidateasexceptionaloroneofakind.”

Duttandhercolleaguesstudiedmorethan1,200lettersof

recommendationforpostdoctoralpositionsingeoscience.They

werealleditedforgenderandotheridentifyinginformation,

soDuttandherteamcouldassignthemascorewithoutknowing

thegenderofthestudent.Theyfoundthatfemaleapplicants

wereonlyhalfaslikelytogetoutstandingletters,compared

withtheirmalecounterparts.Thatincludeslettersof

recommendationfromallovertheworld,andwrittenby,yes,

menandwomen.ThefindingsareinthejournalNature

Geoscience.

Duttsaystheywerenotabletoevaluatetheactualscientific

qualificationsoftheapplicantsusingthedatainthefiles.

Butshesaystheresultsstillsuggestwomeningeoscienceare

atapotentialdisadvantagefromtheverybeginningoftheir

careersstartingwiththoselessthanoutstandinglettersof

recommendation.

“We’renottryingtoassignblameorcriticizeanyoneorcall

anyoneconsciouslysexist.Rather,thepointistousethe

resultsofthisstudytoopenupmeaningfuldialogueson

implicitgenderbias,beitatadepartmentalleveloran

institutionallevelorevenadisciplinelevel.”Whichmaylead

tosomerecommendationsfortheletterwritersthemselves.

48.Whatdowelearnaboutapplicantstopostdoctoralpositions

ingeosciences?

A)Therearemanymoremenapplyingthanwomen.

B)Chancesforwomentogetthepositionsarescarce.

C)Moremalesthanfemalesarelikelytogetoutstandingletters

ofrecommendation.

D)Maleapplicantshavemoreinterestinthesepositionsthan

theirfemalecounterparts.

49.Whatdostudiesaboutmenandwomeninscientificresearch

show?

A)Womenengagedinpostdoctoralworkarequicklycatchingup.

B)Fewerwomenareapplyingforpostdoctoralpositionsdueto

genderbias.

C)MenarebelievedtobebetterabletoexcelinSTEM

disciplines.

D)WomenwhoarekeenlyinterestedinSTEMfieldsareoften

exceptional.

50.Whatdothestudiesfindabouttherecommendationletters

forwomenapplicants?

A)Theyarehardlyeversupportedbyconcreteexamples.

B)Theycontainnothingthatdistinguishestheapplicants.

C)Theyprovideobjectiveinformationwithoutexaggeration.

D)Theyareoftenfilledwithpraiseforexceptional

applicants.

51.WhatdidDuttandhercolleaguesdowiththemorethan1,200

lettersofrecommendation?

A)Theyaskedunbiasedscholarstoevaluatethem.

B)Theyinvitedwomenprofessionalstoeditthem.

C)Theyassignedthemrandomlytoreviewers.

D)Theydeletedallinformationaboutgender.

52WhatdoesDuttaimtodowithherstudy?

A)Raiserecommendationwriters’awarenessofgenderbiasin

theirletters.

B)Openupfreshavenuesforwomenpost-doctorstojoinin

researchwork.

C)Alertwomenresearcherstoalltypesofgenderbiasinthe

STEMdisciplines.

D)Startapublicdiscussiononhowtoraisewomen'sstatusin

academiccircles.

PartIVTranslation(30minutes)

黃山位于安徽省南部。它風(fēng)景獨特，尤以其日出和云海著稱。要欣賞

大山的宏偉壯麗，通常得向上看。但要欣賞黃山美景，就得向下看。

黃山的濕潤氣候有利于茶樹生長，是中國主要產(chǎn)茶地之一。這里還有

許多溫泉，其泉水有助于防治皮膚病。黃山是中國主要旅游目的地之

一，也是攝影和傳統(tǒng)國畫最受歡迎的主題。

參考答案

PartIWriting

Inrecentyears,therelationshipbetweendoctorsandpatients

has