專題05閱讀理解七選五沖關(guān)押題訓(xùn)練-備戰(zhàn)2018年高考英

備戰(zhàn)2018年高考英語大題沖關(guān)秘笈專題05沖關(guān)押題訓(xùn)練Passage1話題詞數(shù)難度參考用時(shí)正確率家人一起吃飯的好處214★★★☆☆7分鐘Eatingtogetherasafamilyisararethingthesedays.1.OnceIstartmyownfamily,I'lldefinitelydoanythingpossibletoestablishatraditionofeatingtogetheasafamily.Here'swhy.2Whenyoueattogetherasafamilyeachday,yourchildrenwilllearntorespectbothparents.Theyknowyoutwoarebusy,butstillfindtimetosharemealswiththem.LearngoodtablemannersWhenyouhavesmallkids,eatingtogetherasafamilyisaneasywaytoshowandteachthemgoodtablemanners,ofcourse,ifyoursaregood.3,howtobeontimesothatotherfamilymembersdon'tstarve,andhowtobehaveatthetable.Youwanttobeproudofyourgrown-upkids,don'tyou?Createwonderfulmemories4.Theywillknowhowimportantitistoeattogetherasafamily,andwilldefinitelyteachtheirkidstodothesame.Yourfamilytraditionofsharingmealstogetherasafamilywillpassdownfromgenerationtogeneration.Therearemanybenefitsofeatingtogetherasafamilythatmanyofusdidn'teventhinkabout.Teachyourchildrentoappreciatefamilytimeandfood,andshowthemhowtobehavewellatthetable.5.RespectbothMomandDadYourchildrenwilllearnwhenit'sbesttoeatTheywillthankyoudowntheroadParentsarealwaysbusyandkidshavetheirownplansWhenyoueattogether,youdoeatthosehealthymealstooWhenyourchildrengrowup,theywillneverforgetthosefunnyandpreciousfamilymealtimesIt'sanexcellentopportunitytobecomeafamilyunitandimproveyourrelationshipwithkids【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了家人一起吃飯的好處。家人一起吃飯不僅可以增進(jìn)家人間的感情，同時(shí)還會(huì)給彼此留下美好的回憶。.D【解析】空前面一句"Eatingtogetherasafamilyisararethingthesedays”說當(dāng)今，一家人在一起吃飯是很罕見的事，與D項(xiàng)"Parentsarealwaysbusyandkidshavetheirownplans”父母忙，孩子有他們自己的規(guī)劃）意義銜接緊密，并且空前面一句中的family與選項(xiàng)中的Parents,kids相呼應(yīng)。.A【解析】空格處屬于段落小標(biāo)題，接下來的第一句"Whenyoueattogetherasafamilyeachday,yourchildrenwilllearntorespectbothparents”說每天和家人在一起吃飯，你的孩子就會(huì)學(xué)會(huì)尊重父母，這與A項(xiàng)〃尊重父母雙方〃意思相符，并且第一句中的respect在選項(xiàng)中屬于原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。.B【解析】本段的段落小標(biāo)題是"Leamgoodtablemanners",結(jié)合空格后的"hewtobeontiuid，和"hewtobehaveatIlietable"可知，此處是有關(guān)學(xué)習(xí)好的餐桌禮儀的內(nèi)容，再聯(lián)系疑問詞卜麗可知，此處與選項(xiàng)B中的"leaniwhenifsbesttoeat"相呼應(yīng)。.F【解析】本段的主題就是創(chuàng)造美好的記憶，這與F項(xiàng)〃當(dāng)你的孩子長大后，他們將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記那些有趣的和寶貴的聚餐時(shí)光〃語意銜接緊密，并且F項(xiàng)也是對(duì)本段小標(biāo)題的具體闡釋。.C【解析】本段前文"Therearemanybenefitsofeatingtogetherasafamily”說到家人一起吃飯有很多好處，接著又說要如何去引導(dǎo)孩子，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，此處是說這些做法帶來的結(jié)果的，故Theywillthankyoudowntheroad合適?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】說明文是閱讀理解七選五?？嫉捏w裁,隨著高考閱讀理解七選五題型的不斷成熟，選材方面逐漸要求體現(xiàn)社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值觀和培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的核心素養(yǎng)。此篇文章的主題是家人一起吃飯的好處，體現(xiàn)了家庭生活的和諧，這是社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值觀的一個(gè)方面，也是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的核心素養(yǎng)的一個(gè)方面?？忌粌H要掌握作者的寫作意圖和觀點(diǎn)，而且要能夠把握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和脈絡(luò)層次，只有了解了這一切，才能比較準(zhǔn)確地確定選項(xiàng)。Passage2話題詞數(shù)難度參考用時(shí)正確率做一名合格的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者所應(yīng)具有的品質(zhì)236★★★☆☆8分鐘Anyonecantrytoleadagroup.1.Goodleaderspossessafewqualitiesthatcanmeanthedifferencebetweensuccessandfailureofthegroup.Thesearethequalitiestheleadersofhigherrankwilllookforwhenchoosingaleaderforagroup.They'realsothequalitiesteammemberswantinagroupleader..Groupleadersmightsharetaskswhennecessary,buteventuallyagroupleaderneedstobeabletoacceptthatresponsibilityliesonhisshoulders.Thatmeansthatifthingsgowronginagroupproject,he'stheonewhomustaccepttheconsequenceanddealwiththeproblem.3,butalsoheshouldbereadytoadmitanymistakesthegrouphasmadeasaresultofhisleadership.Showconcernformembers.Agroupleaderhasacommitmenttothetaskorprojectathand,butperhapsmoreimportantly,hehasrealconcernforeachpersonwhoispartofhisgroup.Thismeansgettingtoknowthestrengths,weaknessesandgoalsofteammembers,aswellasbuildingthegroupthroughcollectiveactivities.4.Beagoodlistener..Notonlywillthisallowcomplaintstobeaddressedandpotentiallysuitableideastobeputintopractice,butalsoaleaderwholistenswillalsoencouragegroupmemberstosharetheirconcernandthoughts,creatinganatmosphereoffreespeechandproductivity.HenotonlyhasthepowertocontroleverythinggroupmembersdoAgroupleaderneedstolistentothesuggestions,complaintsandideasofgroupmembersSharetaskswithgroupmembersHowever,noteveryindividualisfitforleadershipAttendingcollectiveactivitiesisaneffectivewaytorelievepressureHeshouldmakesureeveryoneisincludedevenifanindividualisnewtothegroupTakeresponsibility【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了做一名合格的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者所應(yīng)具有的品質(zhì)：勇于承擔(dān)責(zé)任、關(guān)心下屬以及做一個(gè)好的傾聽者。1-D【解析】空前一句提到任何人都可以嘗試帶領(lǐng)一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)s空后一句提到好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者要有一些品質(zhì)，這些品質(zhì)直接決定了一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)的成功與失敗。由此可推斷出，空處和上句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選Do空前一句話中的Anyone以，及D項(xiàng)中的"However"和"noteveryindividuaT為做題的關(guān)鍵信息◎.G【解析】根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)銜接的做題方法可判斷出空處應(yīng)用祈使句，因此可在選項(xiàng)C和G中尋找答案；又根據(jù)空格下面這段的內(nèi)容，尤其是"acceptthatresponsibilityliesonhisshoulders”的提示可知，這段主要講述與承擔(dān)責(zé)任有關(guān)的內(nèi)容，故選G。.A【解析】此題可以從詞匯線索上找到突破口，根據(jù)空后的“butalso〃可知，空處應(yīng)填含有notonly的句子，因?yàn)閚otonly...butalso...為關(guān)聯(lián)詞，故答案為A。.F【解析】此段講述領(lǐng)導(dǎo)要關(guān)心下屬，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)不僅要了解每位下屬的長處、短處以及他們的目標(biāo)，還要組織一些集體活動(dòng)建立集體意識(shí)。既然是集體活動(dòng)，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)應(yīng)該保證每個(gè)人都要參與進(jìn)去，即使新加入的人也不例外，故選F?？忌菀渍`選E項(xiàng)，E項(xiàng)雖然提到了集體活動(dòng)，但是沒有提到領(lǐng)導(dǎo)在這個(gè)集體活動(dòng)中所起的作用】與本段小標(biāo)題"Showconcernformembers"不符。5.B【解析】段落小標(biāo)題告訴我們〃要做一個(gè)好的傾聽者〃，下文應(yīng)是與傾聽有關(guān)的內(nèi)容，所給選項(xiàng)中只有B選項(xiàng)提到了〃傾聽〃，故B項(xiàng)符合題意。此處表示一個(gè)好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者需要傾聽下屬的意見、抱怨、想法等?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】對(duì)于說明文類體裁的文章，考綱要求考生應(yīng)能理解文章的主旨和要義、理解文中的具體信息并能根據(jù)所給信息對(duì)作者的寫作意圖進(jìn)行合理的判斷和推理。七選五題型對(duì)閱讀理解提出了更高的要求，不僅對(duì)考生有閱讀速度的要求，還要求考生理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)、主旨要義、細(xì)節(jié)信息等。對(duì)于細(xì)節(jié)類題目，考生可以在詞匯線索上尋找信息點(diǎn)，如從關(guān)聯(lián)詞線索、數(shù)字線索、代詞線索等尋找突破口，以求達(dá)到快速做題的目的。第3題就是利用關(guān)聯(lián)詞notonly...butalso...這一詞匯線索進(jìn)行解題的。Passage話題詞數(shù)難度參考用時(shí)正確率大自然的水循環(huán)和人類參與的水循環(huán)221★★★☆☆7分鐘Inonewayoranother,allourwatercomesfromthesea.1Thevaporrisesandfreezestoformclouds.Thesecloudsreleasetheirwaterasrain,oftenwhentheyareblownoverhighground.Raingoesdeepintotheground,runsintostreamsandrivers,andflowsbackintothesea.Also,plantstakewaterfromthesoilandputsomebackintotheairasvapor.Inthisway,waterisalwaysbeingrecycled.2Humanbeingsalsotakepartinthewatercycle.Webuildreservoir水庫）totrapwaterforourhousesandfactories.3Somewatertakesmanythousandsofyearstocompletethecycle.Itcollectsinhugeareasofunderground.Thiskindofwaterisoftenusedbypeopleasasourceoftapwater.Peoplearoundtheworldusetapwaterintheirdailylife. 4Alotofreservoirshavebeenbuiltandtheyhavebroughtmanychangestothelandscapeandaffectedwildlife.Peopledonotknowthefactthattakingtoomuchwaterfromundergroundcanchangetheconditionsonthesurface.Forexample,itcandryoutthehabitatsofsomewildlife.Ifsewageorchemicalwastearenotmadecleancarefully,theycanmakedrinkingwaterdirty.5Agoodwatercycleishuman'sluck.Itisimportantthatweshouldusewaterinaresponsibleway.Therearemanyproblemswiththeuseoftapwater.Thisiscalledthewatercycle.Learninghowtorecyclewaternotonlysavesyoumoney,butalsoisgoodfortheplanet.E.Thesunheatsthesea,andwaterevaporatestobecomevapor.Ourwastewaterandsewage污水）isputbackintotheseathoughitissometimespurifiedfirst.Manyriversandlakesarebeingpollutedbythewastewaterfromfactories.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了大自然的水循環(huán)和人類參與的水循環(huán)。文章讓我們了解到人類務(wù)必要以負(fù)責(zé)任的態(tài)度科學(xué)用水，因?yàn)榱己玫乃h(huán)是人類的福音。.E【解析】由空前面一句話可知，我們所有的水都來自海洋；由空后面一句話可知，水蒸氣蒸發(fā)凝固形成云。由此可推斷出設(shè)空處應(yīng)是對(duì)空格前一句話進(jìn)行解釋說明，且空后面一句話中的vapor恰好與選項(xiàng)E中的vapor構(gòu)成了詞匯上的銜接。此處表示太陽使海水變熱，水蒸發(fā)變成水蒸氣。.C【解析】空前面部分主要講述了海水的循環(huán)過程，同時(shí)該空出現(xiàn)在段屋，那么該處通常應(yīng)填具有結(jié)論性和概括性的語句，即這就裱稱作水循環(huán)。同時(shí)，設(shè)空處還起了一個(gè)過渡句的作用，第二段苜句告訴我們，大類也參與水循環(huán)的活動(dòng)，其中的watercyck與選I頁C中的watercyck構(gòu)成了詞匯上的銜接口.F【解析】本段首句提到人類也參與了水循環(huán)活動(dòng)，設(shè)空處前面一句話告訴我們?nèi)祟惤ㄔ焖畮煲员銥榧彝ズ凸S存水，這句話是對(duì)首句內(nèi)容的舉例說明。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，家庭和工廠產(chǎn)生的廢水和污水最終又流回到海洋中，這樣便構(gòu)成了水循環(huán)。.B【解析】空前一句話說全世界的人們在日常生活中都在使用自來水，空后面部分講述人類建造的水庫改變了地形也影響了野生生物，人們不了解抽取太多的地下水可能會(huì)改變地球表面的狀況。這些是使用自來水帶來的問題，選項(xiàng)中只有B項(xiàng)涉及這一問題。B選項(xiàng)起承上啟下的作用。5.A【解析】空后面一句話提到良好的水循環(huán)是人類的福音，由此可推斷出空處應(yīng)該是提出建議，選項(xiàng)A符合上下文邏輯。此處表示我們應(yīng)以負(fù)責(zé)的方式用水，這很重要?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】隨著高考對(duì)考生綜合運(yùn)用能力的要求不斷提高，高考試題中會(huì)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)對(duì)上下文邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行考查的題目。這就要求考生弄清空白處前后內(nèi)容的邏輯關(guān)系以及各選項(xiàng)的含義，抓住其關(guān)鍵詞語，尤其要注意各選項(xiàng)中以及句中的銜接標(biāo)志詞。最后將所選答案帶入原文中，重點(diǎn)查看句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系和關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)以確保所選選項(xiàng)正確無誤。Passage4話題詞數(shù)難度參考用時(shí)正確率如何成為天才249★★★☆☆6分鐘HowtoBecomeaGeniusForthemostpart,ageniusisbornintoalifeofhighbrainactivityandfunctionality.1However,youcanuseyourbraintoitsfullestpotentialtobecomeageniusbyfollowingthesimplestepsbelow.Performadetailedself-analysis.Somuchtalkfloatsaroundaboutwhichsideofthebrainpeopleusemostoften.2Readthroughyouracademicrecords.MaybeyourpassionliesinmathandscienceoryoureceivehighmarksinEnglishandhistory-relatedcourses.Findoutwhichpartofthebrainyouusetoitspotentialandthenexpandthat.Thosewhousetheirbrainsmostproductivelyoftenusethewrittenwordsofothersasastartingpoint.Anactivebrainneedsinspirationfromwhatyouread.Readingalsoimprovescreativity,andusuallygeniusesareattheupper-levelofcreativity.Creativityandbrainactivitygohand-in-hand.Whetheryouarebornageniusoraretryingtomakebetteruseofyourcurrentbrainactivity,wastingtimeisaworthlessidea.ThinkabouthowmanyhoursyouspendontheInternetandtelevisioneachweek.Whenyouparticipateinthoseactivities,yourbrainison"sleepmode".Spendyourtimeoncreativityactivity,suchaswritingorstudyingyourfavoritesubject.Expandyourhorizons.5IfyourstrongestareaofknowledgeisEnglishliterature,headtothelibraryandpickupsomebooksaboutvarioussciences.Remember,mostgeniuseshavebeenextraordinarilyknowledgeableinvariousareas.Becreative.Useyourtimewisely.Combinecreativityandactivity.Read,reread,andreadmore.Figureoutwhetheryouarearight-brainthinkeroraleft-brainthinker.Keepyourheadinthebooks,butnotonlyinthebooksyouknowbest.Manydefinitionsoftheword“genius“usetheword"natural"todescribethestate.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了如何成為天才。.G【解析】本選項(xiàng)承接上一句來說明很多時(shí)候用〃天生的〃這一詞來描述和定義天才，同時(shí)與下一句構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以選G。.E【解析】本選項(xiàng)承接上一句中的"whichsideofthebrainpeopleusemostoften”來說明要弄清你是左腦思考者還是右腦思考者，所以選E。D【解析】此處為本段的主旨句。本段主要說明了要閱讀、反復(fù)閱讀、大量閱讀以激發(fā)大腦活力與創(chuàng)造力，所以選D。.B【解析】此處為本段的主旨句。本段主要說明了要智慧地利用時(shí)間，段落中的關(guān)鍵信息詞time和hours為概括本段的主旨提供了依據(jù)，所以選B。5.F【解析】本選項(xiàng)是對(duì)本段主旨〃Expandyourhorizons〃的展開說明一一埋頭讀各種各樣的書，而不是你最熟悉的書，這正是擴(kuò)大視野和知識(shí)面的方式，并且與下文在語意上相關(guān)聯(lián)，所以選F。Passage5話題詞數(shù)難度參考用時(shí)正確率和父母交談215★★★☆☆7分鐘Asmostofusknow,talkingtoandlisteningtoparentsdon'talwaysgosmoothly.Emotionsandpastexperiencescangetintheway.Sincecommunicationisatwo-waystreet,somedependsonyourparentsandsomeofwhathappensdependsonyou.1Soherearesomeguidelinestoconsiderhowtotalktoparents:,Beclearanddirect.Beasclearasyoucanaboutwhatyouthink,feel,andwant.2Theycanlistenbetterorbemorehelpfuliftheyunderstandwhatyoumeanspecificallyandwhat'sreallygoingon.,Behonest.Ifyou'realwayshonest,aparentwillbelikelytobelievewhatyousay.3Ifyousometimeshidethetruthoraddtoomuchdrama,parentswillhaveahardertimebelievingwhatyoutellthem.,Trynottoargue.Usingafriendlyandrespectfultonemakesitmorelikelythatparentswilllistenandtakewhatyousayseriously.4Ifyouthinkyouremotionsmightgetthebetterofyou,dosomethingtoletoffsteamandcalmdownbeforetalking.- 5Ifyouhaveadisagreement,canyouseeyourparents'side?Ifyoucan,sayso.Tellingyourparentsthatyouunderstandtheirviewsandfeelingshelpsthembewillingtoseeyours,too.Communicateasoftenaspossible.Trytounderstandtheirpointofview.Ifyoulie,they'llfindithardtotrustyou.Makecarefulpreparationsbeforetalkingtoyourparents.Givedetailsthatcanhelpparentsunderstandyoursituation.Thewayyoutalkcaninfluencehowwellaparentlistenstoandunderstandsyou.Ofcourse,thisishardforanyofuswhenwe'refeelingheatedaboutsomething.【文章大意】本文說明了青少年以怎么樣的方式和父母交談才能讓他們愿意傾聽。.F【解析】本選項(xiàng)在前面引入話題的基礎(chǔ)上指出本文所要說明的對(duì)象一一和父母交談的方式，選項(xiàng)中的“Thewayyoutalk”統(tǒng)領(lǐng)文中四個(gè)小標(biāo)題，起到承上啟下的作用，為下一句提出“someguidelines〃做好鋪墊，所以選F。.E【解析】本選項(xiàng)承接上一句進(jìn)一步對(duì)段落主旨州6clearanddirect〃展開說明，選項(xiàng)中的〃Givedetails"與標(biāo)題中的clear及下文中的specifically相呼應(yīng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)要說明具體的細(xì)節(jié)，所以選E。.C【解析】本段用三個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的條件句分別從正反兩方面對(duì)本段的主旨州6honest〃展開說明，說明為什么要誠實(shí)，第一個(gè)條件句從正面說明，本選項(xiàng)和第三個(gè)條件句從反面說明，所以選3。在解題的過程中，段落中相同的句式結(jié)構(gòu)也有助于選項(xiàng)的確定。4G【解析】由本段落小標(biāo)題“^口^依砥即^可知，盡量不要與父母爭吵◎空格前提到要用友好的、尊敬的口氣與父母談話，此處承接上文，說明當(dāng)我們對(duì)某事感到憤怒的時(shí)候，這樣做很難。選項(xiàng)中的嘛指Psing3.ftiendlyandrespectfultone...1*◎.B【解析】由本段中的說明和關(guān)鍵信息詞understand可以概括出本段的主旨，即盡力去理解父母的觀點(diǎn)，故選B?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】本文屬于典型的介紹如何做事類的說明文，文章的話題與家庭生活和人際交往相關(guān)；文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰、層次分明，是一篇典型的〃總一一分〃式說明文。文章首段在引入話題后點(diǎn)明了本文要說明的對(duì)象一一和父母交談的方式，然后分別用四個(gè)小標(biāo)題說明了應(yīng)該以什么樣的方式和父母交談才能讓他們愿意傾聽，并對(duì)小標(biāo)題進(jìn)行詮釋和展開說明。Passage6話題詞數(shù)難度參考用時(shí)正確率如何控制負(fù)面情緒242★★★☆☆7分鐘Youhavelotsofemotions.Atdifferenttimesyoumaybehappy，sad，orjealous.Angerisjustanotherkindofemotionthatyoufeel.It'sOKtobeangryattimes.Infact,it'simportanttogetangrysometimes.1Otherwiseyou'llbelikeapotofboilingwaterwiththelidlefton.Ifthesteamdoesn'tescape,thewaterwillfinallyboiloverandblowitstop!2Manythingsmaymakeyouangry.Youmaygetangrywhensomethingdoesn'tgoyourway.Maybeyougetmadatyourselfwhenyoucan'tdoyourhomeworkorwhenyouloseanimportantgame.Whenyouhaveahardtimereachingagoal,youmaygetangry.HowcanItellwhensomeoneelseisangry?Whensomeoneisangry,hemaygoawayorstoptalkingtoyou.Orhemaybecomequietsuddenly.3Inthiscase,youshouldgetawayassoonaspossible.WhatshouldI