高中英語七選五解題步驟與技巧

“七選五〞解題步驟(bùzhòu)與技巧第一頁，共25頁。1命題(mìngtí)技巧：1.題型歸納:完形填空填的是詞，七選五填的是句子，但考察重點相似(xiānɡsì)。該題型在新課標卷出現(xiàn)以來均采用說明文。：短文一般為300詞左右的說明文或議論文，其中正文詞數(shù)240左右，選項詞數(shù)60左右。短文篇章結(jié)構(gòu)常歸納為：提出問題——解決問題，一般不在首句設(shè)空。

3.主旨句〔標題類，主題句類〕設(shè)空類型過渡性句子〔文章結(jié)構(gòu)〕細節(jié)注釋性句子〔上下文邏輯(luójí)意義〕

第二頁，共25頁。22015年的高考將繼續(xù)以說明文為主。對細節(jié)題的考察為七選五的考查(kǎochá)重點。第三頁，共25頁。3

解題步驟(bùzhòu)：〔在高考的現(xiàn)場如果考生用大量的時間來徹

底讀懂文章的意思其實是不現(xiàn)實的，也是沒有必要的,我

們可以嘗試以下四步走。)

文章的開始局部，明確文章的根本話題,然后仔細閱讀五個空各自的前后句尋找并畫出關(guān)鍵詞。〔一名(名詞)袋〔代詞〕鼠〔數(shù)詞(shùcí)〕很特殊〔特殊疑問詞〕，連〔連詞〕蹦〔動詞〕帶跳很彪〔標點/標題〕悍?！?.要對文章中出現(xiàn)的銜接手段保持敏感度。銜接手段分為三種：詞匯銜接、邏輯銜接、結(jié)構(gòu)銜接。可按這幾個原那么判斷原文的空與選項是否匹配。3.一旦確定一個選項，就要在該選項上做出標記〔例如可以刪掉〕，以防止干擾和分散注意力。選項代入到文章中重讀，依據(jù)行文邏輯，再次確定選項。第四頁，共25頁。4細節(jié)類題型解題技巧(詞匯(cíhuì)的銜接或邏輯的銜接)答題技巧(jìqiǎo)：第五頁，共25頁。51.詞匯的銜接包括：1)詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)復(fù)現(xiàn)，是保證文章前后銜接而經(jīng)常使用(shǐyòng)的一種寫作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置對同一個概念進行重復(fù)描述。復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系，主要是指原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等。

第六頁，共25頁。6

Thescientistssaythatthehumanlifehaschangedgreatly．Ourbodieshavenotbeenabletodealwiththesechangesinlifestyleandthishadledtonewkindsofsicknesses．

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Sotheyarecalled"diseasesofcivilization"．Manycancersanddiseasesofthebloodsystemareexamplesofsuchdiseases.A．StoneAgepeoplelivedasimplelife.B．Buttoday,weenjoyeatingalotofthese.C．Inthatcase,theywouldlivemuchhealthier.D．Ancientpeoplealsogotlotsofphysicalexercise.E．Thesenewsicknesseswerenotknowninancienttimes.F．Peopletodayprobablydon'twanttolivelikeourancestors.G．Modernpeopleusedtosufferfrom"diseasesofcivilization".

sicknessessicknessesE同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)(fùxiàn)第七頁，共25頁。7Ontheotherhand,theadvantagesofgoingoverseasmayincludeday-to-dayopportunitiestolearnanewculture,meetnewfriendswithwhomyoucanuseandpracticethelanguage,andchancestoseedifferentpartsoftheworld.______Thosedisadvantagesincludeexpense,timeawayfromone’sschool,family,…Thefollowingareitsadvantages.B.However,

theremaybeanumberofdisadvantages.C.Consideradistanceeducation.D.Mostofusareadaptedtostudyingatschool.However?反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)(fùxiàn)第八頁，共25頁。82)同范疇詞出現(xiàn)

同范疇詞是指跟此詞匯(cíhuì)相關(guān)或同一領(lǐng)域的詞匯(cíhuì)在文章中共同出現(xiàn)，到達語義銜接的目的。你可以在選項中找到與此詞匯(cíhuì)最接近的詞，從而到達快而準。一般來說，上下文中詞匯(cíhuì)聯(lián)系越接近，上下文的銜接關(guān)系越緊密。第九頁，共25頁。9

Everybodygetsstressedtimetotime.Trytakingthesefourstepsthenexttimeyouarestressed:(1)Getsupport.Whenyouneedhelp,reachouttothepeoplewhocareaboutyou.Talktoatrustedadult,suchasaparentorotherrelatives.72Theymighthavehadsimilarproblemssuchasdealingwithatest,orthedeathofabelovedpet.A.Askforahelpinghandtogetyouthroughthetoughsituation.C.DifferentpeoplefeelstressindifferentwaysE.Youneedtofigureoutwhattheproblemis.F.Anddon'tforgetaboutyourfriends.可以相信的人=父母+親戚+朋友(péngyou)〔同范疇〕F第十頁，共25頁。103)代詞線索(xiànsuǒ)

英語表達中代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高，代詞的作用無非是指代前面提及的名詞或形容詞概念，巧妙利用這樣的指代關(guān)系和根據(jù)代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)差異可以準確而快速地解題。it可指代(zhǐdài)單數(shù)名詞或整個句子；they或them指代(zhǐdài)復(fù)數(shù)名詞；one指代(zhǐdài)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；that指代(zhǐdài)不可數(shù)名詞或句子；this指代(zhǐdài)單數(shù)名詞或句子;these或those指代(zhǐdài)前句的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。第十一頁，共25頁。11

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Theysaythefirststepistoadmitthatyouareangryandtorecognizetherealcauseoftheanger,…

B.Hesaidthatlaughterismuchhealthierthananger.A.Doctorssaythesolutionislearninghowtodealwithanger.C.Angerisanormalemotionthatweallfeelfromtimetotime.TheyA第十二頁，共25頁。12

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.Theirangermightbesostrongthattheylosecontroloftheirtemper.Theymayactinwaysunacceptableandhurtful.People73___E.Infact,theyusuallymeanthatakidbehavesbadlywhenfeelingangry.G.Somekidsgetangrymoreoftenormoreeasilythansomeotherkids.

GE第十三頁，共25頁。13過渡性句子可以從細節(jié)邏輯上判斷可分為：A,并列關(guān)系：First(ly),Second(ly),；First,then/next；Inthefirstplace，inthesecondplace;foronething,foranotherthing,...；then/next,finally/last等。B,遞進關(guān)系：too,also,besides,further,furthermore,moreover,what’smore,inaddition,aswell,tomakemattersworse,not...but...,notonly...butalso等。C,解釋例證關(guān)系：forexample,forinstance,infact/asamatteroffact,actually,inotherwords/thatistosay等D,因果關(guān)系：so/therefore,thus,consequently(結(jié)果〕,asaresult(of),so/such...that...,sothat...等E,轉(zhuǎn)折(zhuǎnzhé)比照關(guān)系：but,however,yet,while/though,or/otherwise,onthecontrary,instead,nevertheless〔然而〕,still,yet,onthecontrary,incontrast/comparison等F,概況歸納關(guān)系：inshort,inbrief,insummary,generallyspeaking,ingeneral,toconclude,inconclusion,inaword,onthewhole,tosumup等第十四頁，共25頁。14B.Therearethreepracticalnote-takingmethods.A.Youmustwriteyournotesonseparatepaper.C.First,thesimpleactofwritingsomethingdownmakesiteasierforyoutounderstandandrememberit.___.Second,yournotesareexcellentmaterialstorefertowhenyouarestudyingforatest.C第十五頁，共25頁。15篇章(piānzhāng)結(jié)構(gòu)類題解題技巧第十六頁，共25頁。16根據(jù)試題所在位置確定(quèdìng)不同的解題策略1)如果問題在段首通常是段落主題句。認真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)段落一致性原那么，查找同義詞或其他相關(guān)的詞，推斷出主題句。關(guān)注每段首尾句，了解大意知主題。

2)如果問題在段尾通常是結(jié)論、概括性語句。注意在選項中查找表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信號詞，如therefore,asaresult,thus,hence,inshort,tosumup,toconclude,inaword等詞語(cíyǔ)，選項中也可發(fā)現(xiàn)前文的同義詞句。

第十七頁，共25頁。17〔2010新課標全國(quánɡuó)卷〕73_____Whenapersonisaskingaquestion,showinterestandadesiretounderstandthequestionbylisteningandaskingforclarification.A.Showyourtrueinterest.B.Restatethequestionwithrespect.C.Someideascanbequiteconcrete.(2011遼寧卷〕Goforawalk.Mildlyraisedglucose(葡萄糖)levelscanharmtheareaofthebrainthathelpsyouformmemoriesandphysicalarebloodglucosedowntonormallevels.Infact,exerciseproduceschemicalsthataregoodforyourbrain.____74_____A.Thiscanbeespeciallyharmfultotheaged.B.Sotakeafewminuteseachdaytodosomereading.C.Inotherwords,whenyoutakecareofyourbody,youtakecareofyourbrain.AC第十八頁，共25頁。18備考(bèikǎo)戰(zhàn)略：注重實效。閱讀時不僅要注意文章的細節(jié)(xìjié)，更應(yīng)該注意文章的布局。注意命題陷阱。切忌當同樣的詞，同樣的名字或同樣的日期都在語文或節(jié)選段落中出現(xiàn)，就認為它們是正確的選項，一定要符合邏輯，確保文章內(nèi)容嚴謹。注重速度。進行限時訓(xùn)練，培養(yǎng)實戰(zhàn)觀念，不可拖沓。將近幾年高考題進行分析，重點分析結(jié)構(gòu)清晰清楚的說明文和議論文。第十九頁，共25頁。19經(jīng)驗一：前瞻后顧，尋找(xúnzhǎo)"信號詞"，回到選擇項中篩選。(復(fù)現(xiàn))經(jīng)驗二：濃縮句意，意義匹配，整體把握。(同義)經(jīng)驗三：以段落為單位梳理文章脈絡(luò),留意文章的起承轉(zhuǎn).(邏輯及結(jié)構(gòu))

經(jīng)驗(jīngyàn)分享第二十頁，共25頁。20三、總結(jié)：

主旨大意(dàyì)把握好，讀懂選項更重要關(guān)鍵信息相匹配，核查排除不可少第二十一頁，共25頁。21BuildingTrustinaRelationshipAgainTrustisalearnedbehaviorthatwegainfrompastexperiences,36.Thatisarisk.Butyoucan’tbesuccessfulwhenthere’salackoftrustinarelationshipthatresultsfromanactionwherethewrongdoertakesnoresponsibilitytofixthemistake.Unfortunately,we’veallbeenvictimsofbetrayal.Whetherwe’vebeensufferfrom,liedto,misled,orcheatedon,therearedifferentlevelsoflosingtrust.Sometimespeoplesimplycan’ttrustanymore,37.It’sunderstandable,butifyou’rewillingtobuildtrustinarelationshipagain,wehavesomestepsyoucantaketogetyouthere.38havingconfidenceinyourselfwillhelpyoumakebetterchoicesbecauseyoucanseewhatthebestoutcomewouldbeforyourwell-being.〔幸福(xìngfú)〕A.Learntoreallytrustyourself.B.Itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone.C.Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.D.Rememberthatyoucanexpectthebestinreturn.E.They’vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan’tbeartoletithappenagain.F.Thisknowledgecarriesoverintheirattitudetowardtheirfuturerelationships.G.Seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesn’tmeanyou’reignoringwhathappened.BEA第二十二頁，共25頁。2239Ifyou’v