高考定語從句總結(jié)課件

Tomisastudentinclass11.Tomhastwobrothers.WealllikehimTom’sfatherisafamousjournalist.歸納(guīnà)：____________________________________________________________________________________________________whowhomwhose認(rèn)識(rènshi)關(guān)系代詞Tom______hastwobrothersisastudentinclass11.Tom_______wealllikeisastudentinclass11.Tom________fatherisafamousjournalistisastudentinclass11.關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,whose,在定語從句(cónɡjù)中指代人，分別做主語、賓語、定語，做賓語時who可以替代whom,也可以省略。第一頁，共30頁。1Thebookisveryinteresting.ThebookisaboutIraq.Iboughtthebookyesterday.Thebook__________isaboutIraqisveryinteresting.Thebook__________Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.歸納(guīnà)：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________which/thatwhich/that關(guān)系代詞：that,which,在定語從句中指代(zhǐdài)物，做主語、賓語、表語。其中that,指代(zhǐdài)人和物都可以。做賓語時可以省略。第二頁，共30頁。2認(rèn)識(rènshi)關(guān)系副詞Thedayisaspecialday.Iwillneverforgettheday.Shemarriedhimonthatday.Theday__________Iwillneverforgetisaspecialday.Theday__________shemarriedhimisaspecialday.Theday__________shemarriedhimisaspecialday.that/whichonwhichwhen歸納(guīnà)：________________________________________when在定語從句中做時間(shíjiān)狀語。第三頁，共30頁。3Guilinisabeautifulplace.IvisitedGuilinlastyear.LiuSanjielivedinGuilin.Guilin___________Ivisitedlastyearisabeautifulplace.Guilin__________LiuSanjielivedisabeautifulplace.Guilin__________LiuSanjielivedisabeautifulplace.that/whichinwhichwhere歸納(guīnà)：_______________________________________Where在定語(dìngyǔ)從句中做地點狀語。第四頁，共30頁。4Shegavemethereason.Shewaslateforthereason.Shegavemethereason________shewaslate.forwhichwhyShegavemethereason________shewaslate.歸納(guīnà)：____________________________________Why在定語(dìngyǔ)從句中做原因狀語。第五頁，共30頁。5區(qū)分(qūfēn)關(guān)系代詞that和which關(guān)系代詞(dàicí)的that用法1.不用that的情況a.在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時:b.介詞后不能用.例如:Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.2.只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系(guānxì)代詞的情況a.在therebe句型中,只用that,不用which.b.在不定代詞,如:anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行詞時,只用that,不用which.c.先行詞有theonly,thevery修飾時,只用thatd.先行詞為序數(shù)詞,數(shù)詞,形容詞最高級時,只用thate.先行詞既有人,又有物時用that.f.先行詞被all,any,every,no,some,little,much等詞修飾時。第六頁，共30頁。6as,which引導(dǎo)(yǐndǎo)的非限定性定語從句由as,which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句(cónɡjù)，as和which可代整個主句，相當(dāng)于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.典型例題1〕Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,___cameasasurprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.he答案C.此為非限定性從句，不能用that修飾，而用which.，it和he都使后句成為句子，兩個獨立的句子不能單以逗號(dòuhào)連接。況且選he句意不通。2〕Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，而what不可。That不能用于非限定性定語從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號連接的兩個句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。第七頁，共30頁。7as和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時，這兩個關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(biǎodá)的整個意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點：(1〕as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。(2〕as代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞；假設(shè)為行為動詞，那么從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.?！?〕as多用于以下句型：thesame…as,such…as,as…as,asisknown,aswehaveknowAsweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.Asisknown,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.Ihavegotintothesametroubleashe(has).第八頁，共30頁。8介詞(jiècí)+關(guān)系詞1〕介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。2〕that前不能有介詞。3〕某些在從句中充當(dāng)時間(shíjiān)，地點或原因狀語的"介詞+關(guān)系詞“結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when和where互換。ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?whose+n表示所屬關(guān)系(guānxì)，可變?yōu)閚+ofwhich/whom，★表示局部關(guān)系(guānxì)時，也可用局部關(guān)系(guānxì)詞+ofwhich/whom.Thebuses,mostofwhichwerealreadyfull,weresurroundedbytheangrycrowd.第九頁，共30頁。91．定語從句與同位語從句定語從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系“……的〔名詞〕〞。而同位語從句是用來說明前面名詞的內(nèi)容。與that從句同位的名詞必須是一些表事實或概念的抽象名詞，如fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。that在定語從句中作成分，可用which或who/whom代替；而that在同位語從句中不充當(dāng)任何(rènhé)句子成分，只起連接作用。試比較：易與定語從句(cónɡjù)混淆的其他復(fù)合句第十頁，共30頁。10①

Weallhaveheardthenews_________ourteamwon.②

Wedon’tbelievethenews___________hetoldusyesterday.that

(同位語從句(cónɡjù)，that從句(cónɡjù)表示news的內(nèi)容，that在從句(cónɡjù)中不作任何成分)that/which

(定語從句(cónɡjù)，that作told的賓語)第十一頁，共30頁。112．定語從句(cónɡjù)與狀語從句(cónɡjù)。試比較：①

Heleftthekey___________hehadbeenanhourbefore.②

Helefttheplace___________helivedformanyyears.③

Heissuchagoodteacher____________allofusloveandrespect.where(where引導(dǎo)地點狀語(zhuàngyǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于intheplacewhere)where(where引導(dǎo)定語(dìngyǔ)從句，修飾theplace)

as

(as引導(dǎo)定語從句)第十二頁，共30頁。12①

Heissuchagoodteacher_________wealllikehim.3．定語從句(cónɡjù)與主語從句(cónɡjù)。試比較：①

___________isknowntousall,paperwasfirstmadeinChina.②

___________isknowntousallthatpaperwasfirstmadeinChina.that(that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(zhuàngyǔ)從句,such…that…“如此…以致…〞

As(as引導(dǎo)定語從句，指代(zhǐdài)整個主句內(nèi)容，可置于句首)It(it做形式主語，代替that引導(dǎo)的主語從句)第十三頁，共30頁。134．定語從句與強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)(jiégòu)。試比較：①

Itisthehouse__________Imettheyoungman.②

Itwasinthehouse___________Imettheyoungman.where(where引導(dǎo)定語從句(cónɡjù)，修飾house，where在定語從句(cónɡjù)中作地點狀語)that(本句為強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)(jiégòu)，可復(fù)原為Imettheyoungmaninthehouse.)第十四頁，共30頁。14判斷關(guān)系(guānxì)代詞與關(guān)系(guānxì)副詞方法一：用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動詞那么要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如：ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.I'llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.判斷改錯(ɡǎicuò)〔錯〕ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.〔錯〕IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.〔對〕Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.〔對〕I'llneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.習(xí)慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞where,when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。第十五頁，共30頁。15方法二：準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(dìngyǔ)從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。例1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysage?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone例2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone答案：例1D，例2A例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢hismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysago.例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢hisisthemuseum___theexhibitionwasheld.在句1中，所缺局部為賓語，而where,that,onwhich都不能起到賓語的作用，只有theone既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選D。而句2中,主、謂、賓俱全，從句局部為句子的狀語(zhuàngyǔ)表地點，既可用副詞where，又因inthemuseum詞組，可用介詞in+which引導(dǎo)地點狀語(zhuàngyǔ)。而此題中，介詞on用的不對，所以選A。第十六頁，共30頁。16關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時，選擇關(guān)系代詞(dàicí)(who,whom,that,which,whose)；先行詞在從句中做狀語時，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞(where地點狀語，when時間狀語，why原因狀語)。歸納(guīnà)：第十七頁，共30頁。17定語(dìngyǔ)從句易錯點1.易錯點一：因為句子成分不明而出錯，特別注意表時間的先行詞不一定(yīdìng)用when，表地點的先行詞不一定(yīdìng)用where。Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday_______wespendtogether.When;whichB.What;thatC.onwhich;whenD.Which;when②Thisisjusttheplace________Iamlongingtovisittheseyears.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.towhich2、易錯點二：因為句子成分復(fù)雜，特別是出現(xiàn)插入成分而出錯。①Thesoldiershadtosleepintheirwetclothes,_______mostuncomfortable.whichIthinkitwasB.whichIthinkwasC.whichIthinkD.thatIthinkwas②Heoftenhelpsthestudents________hethinksarenotquickattheirstudies.A.whomB.whoC.whenD.because第十八頁，共30頁。183、易錯點三：因為與what從句混淆而出錯。①All_______isneededisasupplyofoil.A./B.thatC.whatD.which②Theycameupwiththatbill,______theysay,wouldleadtoadropinthenumberoffreshcollegestudentsunabletoaffordeducation.A.whatB.thatC.whoD.which4、易錯點四：與強調(diào)句型(jùxínɡ)或其他句型(jùxínɡ)混淆而出錯。①Itwasabout600yearsago______thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.when②Wasitinhospital_______shelivedfortenyears_______shewastrainedtobearealnurse.A.that;whichB.which;thatC.where;thatD.that;where第十九頁，共30頁。195、易錯點五：因與同位語從句混淆而出錯。〔判斷以下從句屬何種從句〕①Thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant.____________②Thefactthathesucceededintheexperimentpleasedeverybody.____________6、易錯點六：as引導(dǎo)的定語從句容易出錯，特別是與主語從句混淆而出錯?！策x詞填空〕Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone’shealth.①______isknown,smokingisharmfultoone’shealth.②______isknownthattheearthisround.Asisknown,theearthisround.7、易錯點七：因某些特殊句型(jùxínɡ)的定語從句辨析不明而出錯。①Thisisthebestway______hasbeenusedagainstpollution.A.whereB.whyC.whichD.that②Lasttermourmathsteacherssetsuchadifficultexaminationproblem_______noneofusworkedout.A.thatB.asC.sothatD.which第二十頁，共30頁。208、易錯點八：介詞+引導(dǎo)詞的定語從句容易出錯(chūcuò)，特別是因介詞的誤選而出錯(chūcuò)。①Thegentleman______youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whomD.withwhom②Becauseofthetrafficjam______Iwascaught,Iwaslateforthemeeting.A.bywhichB.inwhichC.thatD.where③Doyouknowtheartist_______thejudgegaveaprize?Yes,heistheteacher______Ihavebeentaughtpaintingfor2years.A.towhom;whoB.towhom;bywhomC.whom;whoD.who;that9、易錯點九：因定語從句中謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式而出錯(chūcuò)。①Sheisoneofthefewgirlswho_______passedtheexam.A.wasB.wereC.hasD.have②Sheistheoneofthefewgirlswho________passedtheexam.A.wasB.wereC.hasD.have第二十一頁，共30頁。2110、易錯點十：分隔式定語(dìngyǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜而出錯。Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome______Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where第二十二頁，共30頁。221.Itistheyoungman_______lookedfor_______caughtthemurderer.A.that…whoB.that…theyC.they…thatDthey…which2.

Isthisfactory_______wevisitedlastyear?A.whereBinwhichC.theoneDatwhich3.

Thebook,thecover_______isbroken,isnotmine.A.ofitBforCwhoseDofwhich第二十三頁，共30頁。234.ThisisMrSmith,_____Ithinkhassomethinginterestingtotellyou.A.whoBwhomC.thatD.x

5．

Who_______hasseentheTVfilmdoesn’tadmireit?A.thatBwhoCwhichDas

6．

YoucanneverimaginewhatgreattroubleIhavehad________thepatientwhoreceivedaseriouswound.treatB.totreatCtreatingDtreated第二十四頁，共30頁。24

7.Thisisthelasttime_________Ishallgiveyoualesson.A.whenBthatCwhichDinwhich8.Idon’tliketheway________youlaughather.

A.thatBonwhichCwhichDas9.____weallknow,swimmingisaverygoodsport.A.WhichB.ThatC.AsD.Who第二十五頁，共30頁。2510.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_____Ilivedinthefarm____youvisitedlastweek.A.when,whereB.which,whichC.when,whichD.which,where11.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof____hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.第二十六頁，共30頁。2612.Myglasses,____Iwaslikeablindman,fe