復(fù)試面試上大專業(yè)英語aboutwrite

二、應(yīng)注意的幾點說說的Englishlanguage和knowledgeaboutEnglish之間的區(qū)別。例如要說Hedoessomething.不能說Hedosomething.初學(xué)者也知道這一點，可是我們?nèi)詴姷竭@樣的錯誤：Theresultobtainedinthetestsshowthattheproposedalgorithmgivesimprovedsolutions.如果是寫、報告和其他技術(shù)文件，應(yīng)采用嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)奈捏w，避免口語化，例kindof，can’t，nowadays避免復(fù)雜的長句子。這對新手尤為重要。不要賣弄語法知識，對于作者而言，長句生過分長的句子會令人抓不住要點，讀起來頭昏腦脹。有時可以將長句分解成幾個短nsofaras中naloftheatns中of是多余的。得矯揉造作，會使讀者感到別扭甚至。要克服用詞不當(dāng)，不要使用自己還沒有工程專業(yè)科技英語》UnitXIV，4.Translation:MethodsandSkills。避免繁瑣。例如thiskindofmethod，何不直截了當(dāng)用thismethod？不要說veryessential，已經(jīng)essential了，還要什么very？又如atthepresenttime應(yīng)改為atpresent，duetothefactthat...可改為because...。下面是一些例子：Atthepresenttimewearebehindinouranticipatedproductionduetothefactthatmaterialhave everyscarce.Atpresent,wearebehindinproductionbecauseoftheshortageofmaterials.Obviously,thenthesharpnessofthemeltingpoint…刪去插入詞Theresultswhichwereobtained…TheresultsobtainedReductionof inmanycasesrequires…Reductionof requires…Theresultswereinconclusiveowingtothefactthat…Theresultswereinconclusivebecause…allofthereactionsdescribedallthereactionsdescribed…刪去allofthepartsinthesystemallpartsinthesystem…刪去of三、關(guān)于語法大家都讀了太多的語法，這里本不想談?wù)Z法問題?？墒侵勒Z則是一回事，寫避免使用過多的無人稱代詞it作引詞。此類句子有時會分散力量：在主句中使用平淡無力的存在動詞be，原來強有力的行為動詞退居從句之中，使文字顯得迂回，似Itwasconcludedthatanewmethodbedevised.AnewmethodmustbeIt mendedthatweadoptthen.ThenshouldbeItwasfoundthatthechemicalisdangerous.ThechemicalisItcanreadilybeseenthattheworkisdone.TheworkisItwillbeseenthat…（可完全刪去Itisevidentthat…EvidentlyItwouldappearthat…ApparentlyItisclearthat…ClearlyItisourconclusionthat…Weconcludethat...不要FourierTransform。Fourier是人名，故大寫。SNR：signal-to-noiseratio，不要寫成Signal-to-NoiseRatio。A。常見的例外有：Figure3,Table2,Equation4.2。 物理量單位并非全用大寫，要遵從慣例：MHz，kHz，ms等。Hz為人名縮寫，某詞要大寫時，則其縮寫也用大寫：Figure2Fig.由普通名詞組成的名詞，首字母大寫：NationalBureauofStandards，theMotionPictureExpertGroup(MPEG)。在下文時，其簡稱的首字母也應(yīng)大寫：theBureau。直接引語的首字母用大寫：Thespeakersaid,“ItisourWhatisthepartialpressureofthegasunder來回避用冠詞的，不要定冠詞，現(xiàn)在的趨勢是省去不必要的the。theTheEquation3.1canbere-expressedasWecansee isalmostThesimilarsituationmayoccur.Asimilarsituationmay…toattemptthesynthesisofcompounds…amethodfortheintroductionofoxygen…canbeemployedsatisfactorilyforthetechnicalproduction標(biāo)題中一般省略the：TheElementsofPhysicalChemistryElementsinPhysical關(guān)于人稱：有不同的主張，應(yīng)根據(jù)所寫文章的性質(zhì)來決定。科技的正文中可以用第一人稱，但不宜過多，語氣一定要客觀、要令人信服，可用we，決不用I。不要反復(fù)使用ourresultsourmethod之類，過度使用有使讀者不悅的傾向。中不許多人過去時，整篇文章中的主要敘述部分均采用過去時，這是不對的。結(jié)論四、避免漢語的影響 Thecalculationformulasaccordingtoequalaccuracydistributionlawareobtainedasfollows.這是典型的洋涇浜，受中文“計算”和“根據(jù)”的束縛。將“培養(yǎng)計劃”硬譯成cultivationn。cultivation的意思是對植物、細(xì)菌等的cultivation決不會聯(lián)想到對人的培養(yǎng)，因此將人才培養(yǎng)硬譯成talentcultivation聽起來很別扭。其實“培養(yǎng)計劃”最恰當(dāng)?shù)姆g就是普普通通的educationprogram。thiskindof... accordingto（用得過多顯出中文的影響So（用So做句子開頭也是受中文的影響yanimportantrole（ moreandmore（同上athomeandabroad（科學(xué)沒有國籍ourcountry（同上develocountries（妄自菲薄關(guān)于題目中的Studyon：題目以O(shè)n…或者Studyon…，Researchon…開問題做題目?？墒俏覀兇罅课恼骂}目仍使用Studyon，一看就知道 英美的原文詞典，或者有詳細(xì)用法說明和例句的英漢詞典。漢英詞典的首要用漢英詞典得到啟發(fā)，作為“firstaid”。但漢英詞典給出的只是中文單詞的英文解釋，的，哪些不是。例如上面說到的yanimportantrole，母語作者使用的頻度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于中國作者。還可以舉出許多例子，如payattentionto，putforward等等。這些短語頻繁地出現(xiàn)在我們的中，給學(xué)生的印象很深。其實好的短語、正確的表達(dá)方式也不能在文章中頻繁使用。重復(fù)使用上述這些短語，再加上kindof之類常使一部五、病句舉例 Forthefiberwithenoughlargeradiusofthecore,theattenuationoftheopticalwavecanbeignored.將“纖芯半徑足夠大的光纖”硬譯為fiberwithenoughlargeradiusofthecore。多處定冠詞均為誤用。改為：Forafiberwithasufficientlylargeinnerradius,attenuationofopticalwavescanbeignored. ItshowsthatthekineticswouldinfluencethedynamicbehavioroftheEarth’sdeepinteriorandneedmorelaboratorydata.這里need一詞的主語是什么，是It可將后半句改為語態(tài)：ThisshowsthatthekineticswouldinfluencethedynamicbehavioroftheEarth’sdeepinterior,andmorelaboratorydataarelineartransformtechniques,portscantechniques,aninterlacingOwingtothedevelopmentofnanometertechniquesandmicroelectronics,thetrendoftheminiaturizationofintegratedcircuitsandcomponentstowardsatomicscale esstronganddefinite.顯然是由中文硬譯而成，可改為：ThedevelopmentofnanometertechniquesandmicroelectronicshasledtominiaturizationofintegratedcircuitsandcomponentstowardstheatomicSothespeedoftheatomscanbecontrolled.用So開頭有時不符合英文習(xí)慣，是中文習(xí)慣的影響，用多了很別扭。改為：ThusthespeedoftheatomscanbeInorderforformulas(15)-(17)todonumericalcalculations,thediffusioncoefficientsaretakentobe…由誰進(jìn)行數(shù)值計算，是作者還是？formulas(15)-(17)的表達(dá)也不對，可改為：InordertoperformnumericalcalculationsonEquations(15)-(17),thediffusioncoefficientsaretakentobeItsmoreadvantagesaregiveninourpreviouspaper.改為：Itsfurtheradvantageshavebeengiveninourpreviouspaper.在過去的中，用一般現(xiàn)在時不當(dāng)。Thisresultsfromtheincreaseoftemperaturemainly.可能是片面理解了某些教材中關(guān)于副詞放在后面的規(guī)則。改為：Thisresultsmainlyfromthetemperature六、不當(dāng)翻譯舉例標(biāo)題“傳輸線變壓器的機(jī)理及寬帶阻抗匹配的設(shè)TheMechanismofTransmissionLineofBroadBandandDesigningoftheImpedanceMatchTransformer標(biāo)題中應(yīng)略去可有可無的定冠詞。Designingof不對。動名詞顧名思義兼有動詞andDesignofImpedanceMatchTransformer注意：句型the+gerund+of是不適當(dāng)?shù)模瑧?yīng)改為動名詞后面直接加賓語。Thecoatingofthefabrictooktenhours.應(yīng)改為Coatingthefabrictooktenhours.又如Thewashingofglasswareandwiofthebenchareobligatory.應(yīng)改為Washingtheglasswareandwithebenchareobligatory.Specificysisisgiveninthisarticleaboutthemechanismwhichthetransmissionlinetransformerrealizestheimpedancematchofbroadband.定語“pdband“oaa可改譯為 ysisisgiveninthisarticleonhowatransmissiontransformercanrealizebroadbandimpedanceThroughaequivalentcircuititisillustratedthatthecapacitancedistributedamongtransmissionlinescanbeingeniouslyutilizedandswitchedfrombeingadversefactorsofthetransformationofhigh-frequencyenergytotheindispensableconditionsofthetransformationofelectromagneticenergy.不定冠詞有時要用an，經(jīng)常常被忽視。用itisillustratedthat顯得羅嗦。自我贊美的修飾transmissionlinescanbeutilized,turninganadversefactoraffectinghighfrequencytransmissiontoanecessaryconditionforEMenergy補充說明：不定冠詞是否用an取決于后面單詞的發(fā)音：DefineaH-by-H是不對的，因為字母H的第一個音節(jié)是原因/e/，應(yīng)為DefineanH-by-HUrbancomprehensivecompetitiveness’sevaluationreflectsdirectlytheall-integratedabilityofcity’sexistingeconomyandresource.有多處硬譯：城市綜可改為：Theoverallcompetitivenessofacitydirectlyreflectsitsabilityofintegratingthecurrenteconomicstrengthandresources. ThepaperappliestheRelationalMatrix ysis(RMS)to yzedetailedtargetsthatreflectShanghaiurbancomprehensivecompetitivenessla yyearsandbngfoadsomeadvseofty’sdvomnt.這一句將“各項指標(biāo)”譯為dtadtags”譯為yya，均不正確。 ss和 用詞重復(fù)bngfoadadvs詞，沒握詞法向地位較高的人或機(jī)構(gòu)建議（提議）采取某種行動不宜用advse。另外這里還將名詞adv錯用成了動詞advs。改為：Arelationalmatrix ysis(RMA)isappliedtothestudyofvariousspecificationsthatreflecttheoverallcompetitivenessofShanghaiinrecentyears,andprovidesseveralproposalsforthecity’sHowever,howtominevaluableinformationandknowledgefromtheesthekeytoimproveworkefficiencyandimplementknowledgemanagementofanenterprise.短語Howto…Howto…常做賓語，如Wedon’tknowhowtodoit.另外，datamining是計算機(jī)學(xué)科的術(shù)語“數(shù)據(jù)挖掘，但Howtomine…則顯得很別扭。還有“工作效率”也不能硬譯成workefficiency?？筛臑椋篐owever,explorationofvaluableinformationandknowledgefromthesystemhas eakeyinimprovementofefficiencyandimplementationof