航海英語(yǔ)閱讀理解90篇

航海英語(yǔ)閱讀理解92篇

重慶交通大學(xué)

2009.4.

Chapter1

(大連題庫(kù)60篇)

Passage01

Merchantshipsaredesignedtocarrycargo.Somearealsodesignedtocarrypassengers.Theycanoperateas

liners.Theseareemployedonregularroutesonafixedtimetable.Alistoftheirarrivalanddeparturedatesis

publishedinadvanceandtheysailwhetherfullornot.Linerscanbeclassedaseitherdeep-sealinersor

short-sealiners.Theformercarrymainlycontainerizedcargoacrosstheoceansoftheworld;thelatercarry

containerizedorconventionalcargoonshorterroutes.Ferriesarealsoclassedasliners.Theseofferadailyor

weeklyserviceforpassengersandvehiclesacrosschannelsandnarrowseas.Afewshipsarestillemployedas

passengerliners.TheynotonlycarrypassengersbutalsosomecargoonroutesfromEuropetoNorthAmerica

andtotheFarEast.Nowadaysthepassengertradeisverysmallandpassengerlinersusuallyoperateascruise

shipsforpartoftheyear.

001.Thedeep-sealiners.

A.carrymainlycontainerizedcargo

B.carrymainlyconventionalcargo

C.offeradailyorweeklyserviceforpassengersandvehicles

D.sailacrosschannelsandnarrowseas.

002.TheLiners.

A.alwayssailfullB.sailregularlyevennotfull

C.alwayssailinballastD.willnotsailifnotfull

003.Alistofthearrivalanddeparturedatesofliners.

A.willbepublishedweekly

B.willbepublishedwhentheysail,whetherfullornot,fromEuropetoNorthAmericaandtotheFarEast

C.willnotbepublishedeventheysailfullyloaded

D.ispublishedpriortotheirdeparture

004.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat.

A.thenumberofpassengershipsissmall

B.allpassengershipswillcarrysomecargoinnearfuture

C.itisnotnecessaryforlinerstosailinregulartime

D.containercarriersshouldcarrysomepassengers

Passage02

Nowadays,mostmerchantshipsarebuilttocarrycargoes.Andtheymainlyoperateastramps.Thesevesselsdo

notsailonregularroutesorkeeptoafixedtimetable,butareemployedwherethereiscargoforthemtocarry.

Trampscanbeclassedasdeep-seatrampsorshort-seatramps.Anumberareclassedascoasters.Theseplyon

coastalroutesandupriverstoinlandports.Thetraditionaltrampcargoesaredrybulkcargoes,butsomeare

designedtocarrygeneralcargoes.

Alargenumberofmerchantshipsoperateasspecializedvessels.Thesearedesignedtocarryaparticulartypeof

cargo.Thereareseveraltypesofspecializedvessel.Themostcommonareoiltankers.Theyareownedbythe

majoroilcompaniesorbyindependentoperators.Twoothertypesofliquidbulkcarrierofgrowingimportance

arechemicalcarriersandliquefiednaturalgas(LNG)carriers.

005.Thedeep-seatramps.

A.carrybulkandgeneralcargoacrossthehighseas

B.arebuilttocarrypassengers

C.aremainlycoasters

D.arespecializedvessel

006.Thecoasters.

A.alwayssailacrossthehighseas

B.commonlycarryoilcargo

C.aremainlytankers

D.sailoncoastalroutesandupriverstoinlandports

007.TheimportanceofLNGcarriers.

A.isgrowing

B.isnotmentionedinpassage

C.isdecreasing

D.willbediscussedfurtherifnecessary

008.ltisimpliedinthepassagethat.

A.thenumberofspecializedvesselsisnotsmall

B.alloiltankerswillcarrysomechemicalsinnearfuture

C.thetrampsandspecializedvesselsarethebasictypeofmerchantships.

D.containercarriersshouldnotbeclassedastramps

Passage03

Cargoshipscanbedividedintotwobasictypes.Onetypecarriesdrycargo,theothercarriesliquidcargo;

however,anOBOshipisdesignedtocarryboth.Atraditionaldrycargoshipisthemulti-deckvessel.Herholds

aredividedhorizontallybyoneortwo'tweendecks,becausethesemakestowageofindividualpackageseasier.

Drybulkcargoiscarriedinbulkcarriers.Thesedonothave'tweendecksascargoiscarriedloose.Themost

moderntypeofdrycargocarrieristhecontainership.Theycarrycontainersofstandarddimensions,

consequentlystowageiseasier.Fruit,meatanddairyproducearecarriedinrefrigeratedships.Oiltankersare

themostcommontypeofliquidcargocarrier.Theyareoftenverylarge,becausehugequantitiesofoilneedto

betransportedandonelargevesselismoreeconomicaltooperatethantwosmallerones.Twoothertypesof

liquidbulkcarrierofgrowingimportancearetheliquefiednaturalgas(LNG)carrierandthechemicalcarrier,

althoughchemicalcanalsobecarriedindrumsingeneralcargoships.

009.Therearetypesofliquidbulkcarrier.

A.2B.3

C.4D.5

010.Amulti-deckvesselhastweendecks.

A.hasmanyB.no

C.onlyoneD.hasuptotwo

011.Fruit,meatanddairyproducearecarriedin.

A.containerscarriersB.traditionalships

C.OBOshipsD.refrigeratedships

O12.Thetypesofdrycargocarriersmentionedinthepassageare.

A.tweendeckers,OBOships

B.traditionaldrycargoshipandmulti-deckvessel

C.OBOships,oiltankers,chemicaltankersandLNGcarriers

D.drycargoship,drybulkcargocarrier,containercarriersandrefrigeratedships

Passage04

Theaxialthrustofthepropelleristheforceworkinginaforeandaftdirection.Thisforcecausestheshipto

moveaheadthroughthewaterortogoastern.Becauseofhershape,ashipwillmoveaheadthroughthewater

moreeasilythangoingastern.

Thetransversethrustisthesidewaysforceofthepropellerasitrotates.Thetransverseeffectofthepropeller

bladesatthetopnearthesurfaceofthewaterisnotstrongenoughtocounteracttheoppositeeffectofthelower

blades.Forright-handedpropellersthiscantstheship'ssterntostarboardandherbowtoport,whentheshipis

goingahead.Theeffectissmallandcanbecorrectedbytherudder.Whentheenginesareputastern,theeffect

istheoppositeandthestemcantstoport.Thiseffectisstrongerandcannoteasilybecorrected.Vesselswith

left-handedpropellersbehaveintheoppositeway.

O13,Theforcethatcausestheshiptomoveaheadthroughthewaterortogoasternisknownas.

A.axialthrust

B.transversethrust

C.thetransverseeffectofthepropellerbladesatthetopnearthesurfaceofthewater

D.thetransverseeffectofthelowerbladesofthepropellernearthebottomofthewater

014.Aleft-handedpropellers,whentheshipisgoingahead,willcantship'sstemto.

A.starboardB.port

C.tomoveaheadD.moveastern

015.Thetransversethrustofthepropellerisstrongerwhentheshipis.

A.goingastern

B.goingahead

C.stopped

D.makingnowaythroughthewater

O16.Thetransversethrustofthepropellercanmainlybeovercomeby.

A.therudderB.thepropelleritself

C.thenauticalinstrumentD.windandtide

Passage05

TheChiefOfficer,orFirstMateasheisoftencalled,istheMaster'schiefofficerandheadoftheDeck

Department.HeisassistedbyaSecondOfficer(Mate),aThirdOfficer(Mate),andsometimesaFourth

Officer(Mate).SeveralcompaniesemployaFirstOfficeraswellasaChiefOfficer.TheDeckDepartmentalso

includesaBoatswain(Bosun)andaCarpenter,bothpettyofficers,andanumberofratings.Thesemadeupof

AbleSeamen(AB),OrdinarySeamen(OS)andamiddlegradeknownasEfficientDeckHands(EDH).There

areothergradesofseamen.OnsomeshipsNavigatingCadetsarecarriedfortrainingpurposes.

TheChiefEngineerisheadoftheEngineDepartment.HeisassistedbyaSecond,Third,Fourthandsometimes

FifthEngineer:AnElectricalOfficermayalsobecarried.TheengineroompettyofficersaretheStorekeeper

andDonkeyman.OntankersthereisalsoaPumpman.Heisalsoapettyofficer.Theengineroomratingsare

FiremenandGreasers.TheremayalsobeEngineerCadets.

TheCateringDepartmentisundertheChiefSteward.Itisdividedintoasaloonandgalleysection.Theformer

isheadedbytheSecondSteward,thelatterbytheShip'sCook.Theyarebothusuallypettyofficers.Theyare

assistedbyseveralstewardsandcooks,andbyanumberofjuniorratings.

TheRadioDepartmentoftenconsistsofonlyoneman:theRadioOfficer.Onshipswherecontinuousradio

watchesarekepttheremaybethreeradioofficers:aChief,SecondandThird.

017.isnotapettyofficer.

A.BoatswainB.SecondSteward

C.RadioOfficer.D.Storekeeper

018.EDHisrankwhichishigherthan.

A.SecondStewardB.AB

C.OSD.ChiefEngineer

019.Storekeeperbelongto.

A.DeckDeptB.EngineDept

C.CateringDeptD.RadioDept

O2O.Therearedepartmentsonbardabigshipaccordingtothepassage.

A.twoB.three

C.fourD.five

Passage06

WhileeveryeffortismadetoensurethatthedataprovidedthroughtheNoticestoMarinersserviceisaccurate,

theuserneedstobeawareoftheriskstocorruptionofdata.Itisimportantthattheusershouldonlyusethedata

onsuitableequipmentandthat,otherapplicationsshouldnotberunningontheuser'smachineatthesametime.

Usersshouldexercisetheirprofessionaljudgementintheuseofdata,andalsoconsulttheMarinersHandbook

(NP100)forfurtherdetails.Theuserneedstobeawarethatthereisapossibilitythatdatacouldbecorrupted

duringtransmission,orintheprocessofdisplayorprintingontheuser'sequipment,orifconvertedtoother

softwareformats,andisaccordinglyadvisedthattheUKHOcannotacceptresponsibilityforanysuchchange,

oranymodificationsorunauthorisedchanges,madebylicensees,orotherparties.

02l.Thedatamaybecomecorruptedinanyofthefollowingprocessexcept.

A.duringtransmission

B.inthedisplayorprintingontheuser*sequipment

C.inconvertingtoothersoftwareformats

D.inairmaildeliverytothereaders

O22.Theuseofthedataisadvisedtoconsultforfurtherdetails.

A.MarinersHandbookB.SailingDirections

C.GuidetoPortEntryD.NoticestoMariners

023.OfthefollowingitemsisnotmentionedforwhichUKHOwillacceptnoresponsibility.

A.changeintheprocessofdisplayorprinting

B.unauthorisedchangesmadebylicenseesorotherparties

C.modificationsmadebylicenseesorotherparties

D.professionalamendments

024.Itisimpliedthat.

A.thedataareincorrect

B.thedataaretobecorrectedintensively

C.althoughthedataareaccurateenough,youarestilladvisedtouseitwithcaution

D.nottouseitifyouhavenotenoughtimeorproperequipmenttoeffectnecessarycoiTection

Passage07

Thecontainershipisdifferentfromtheconventionaltypeandisaninnovationnotedforeasierhandlingand

quickerturnoverofcargoes.Cargoestobecarriedbythistypeofshiparepre-packedintocontainersbefore

beingloadedaboardtheship.

Containersaresealedafterbeingpackedwithcargoes.Madeofmetalorotherdurablematerials,theyare

watertightaftersealingandcanthereforebestowedondeckwhilstbeingcarried.Oneofthefeaturesof

containershipsisthatsomeofthecontainersareusuallystowedondeck.

Thecontainershipisbecomingincreasinglypopularintradingcircles,andthetrendisthatthetonnagethereof

willgrowatafasterpaceinfuture.

025.Whatdoes"innovation"inthefirstparagraphmean?.

A.makingchanges

B.theintroductionofanantigenicsubstanceintothebodyagainstaspecificdisease

C.Theactofintroducingsomethingnew.

D.revolution

026.Containersaresealedafterbeingpackedwithcargoes.

A.filled

B.loaded

C.stuffed

D.closedofficiallyorunderthesupervisionofnotarypublic

O27.0fthefollowing,isnotthefeatureofthecontainership?

A.Someofthecontainersareusuallystowedondeck.

B.Itiseasyforhandlingandquickturnoverofthecargo

C.Thecontainershipisbecomingincreasinglysafer

D.Cargoesarepre-packedintothecontainer

O28.Thetonnageofcontainershipis.

A.decreasingB.increasing

C.remainingthesameD.changing

Passage08

Nauticalchartsareindispensabletomariners.They,however,aresubjecttofrequentchanges,suchasthoseof

navigationalaids,ofwaterwaysduetothedredgingandconstruction,ofdepthsofwater,andofremovalor

appearanceofwrecks.Inordertokeepup-to-dateandreliable,nauticalchartshavetoundergocorrection.

ChangesofimportancearegenerallypromulgatedbyweeklyeditionofNoticestoMariners,whichenable

marinerstocorrectthechartsbyhand.Ifmajorchangesmakeitimpracticabletodoso,theNoticeswillprovide

areproductionofasmallarea,whichisalsocalledblock,tobepastedontothechartinitscorrectposition.

O29.Nauticalchartsneedcorrectionbecause.

A.navigationalaidsaresometimesindispensable.

B.therearealwayssomemistakes

C.wrecksmayappearorberemoved

D.theycouldneverbereprinted

030.Correctiontochartsaremadebycrewmembersinaccordancewith.

A.NoticestoMarinersB.SailingDirections

C.GuidetoPortEntryD.Supplement

03l.Inthepassage,Blocksare.

A.largescalecharts

B.representationsofcharts

C.reproductionsofportionsofcharts

D.smallscalecharts

O32.Thepurposeofcorrectiontochartsisto.

A.keepthemup-to-date

B.makethechartsbrand-new

C.keepthechartsavailabletoallmarinersintheworld

D.keepthechartsfreefrommistakes

Passage09

CorrectionstoSailingDirectionsaregiveninSectionIV.Thoseinforceattheendoftheyeararereprintedin

theAnnualSummaryofNoticestoMariners.AlistofcorrectionsinforceispublishedinSectionIVofthe

WeeklyEditionforthelastweekofeachmonth.

Itisrecommendedthatcorrectionsbekeptinafilewiththelatestlistofcorrectionsinforceontop.Thelist

shouldbeconsultedwhenusingtheparentbooktoseeifanycorrectionsaffectingtheareaunderconsideration

areinforce.

Itisnotrecommendedthatcorrectionsbestuckintheparentbookorcurrentsupplement,but,ifthisisdone,

whenanewsupplementisreceivedcaremustbetakentoretainthosecorrectionsissuedafterthedateofthe

newsupplement,whichmaybeseveralmonthsbeforeitsreceiptonboard.

033.arereprintedintheAnnualSummaryofNoticestoMariners.

A.TheSailingDirections

B.ThecorrectionstoSailingDirections

C.TheeffectivecorrectionstoNoticestoMariners

D.TheWeeklyEdition

O34.Theparentbookis.

A.TheSailingDirection

B.ThecorrectionstoSailingDirectionsinforce

C.theAnnualSummaryofNoticestoMariners

D.theWeeklyEdition

035.ItisrecommendedthatcoiTectionstotheSailingDirectionsbe.

A.madebyhand

B.consultedatthelastweekofeachmonth

C.stuckintheparentbookorcurrentsupplement

D.keptinafilewiththelatestlistofcorrectionsinforceontop

O36.Ifthecorrectionsbestuckintheparentbookorcurrentsupplement,.

A.whenanewsupplementisreceived,thosecorrectionsissuedafterthedateofthenewsupplementmust

beretained

B.theparentbookmustbeconsulted

C.thecurrentsupplementmustbeconsulted

D.theAnnualSummaryofNoticestoMarinersmustbeused

Passage10

Theamountofdetailshownonachartvarieswiththescaleofthechart.Onalargescalechart,forexample,full

detailsofalllightsandfogsignalsareshown,butonsmallerscalestheorderofreductionofinformationin

elevation,period,range,untilonanoceanchartoftheareaonlylightswitharangeof15milesormorewill

normallybeinserted,andthenonlytheirlight-starandmagentaflare.Ontheotherhand,radiobeaconsare

omittedfromlargescalechartswheretheirusewouldbeinappropriate,and,unlesstheyarelongrange

beacons,fromoceancharts.

037.Oceanchartsareones.

A.largescaleB.smallscale

C.inappropriateD.omitted

038.Whatcannotbefoundinthelargescalecharts?.

A.RadiobeaconsofsmallrangeB.Fulldetailsofalllights.

C.ElevationsD.Fulldetailsoffogsignals

O39.Thelight-starandmagentaflareareshownon.

A.largescalechartsonly

B.smallscalechartsonly

C.bothsmallandlargescalecharts

D.neithersmallnorlargescalecharts

O4O.Thetitleofthispassageshouldbe.

A.LightsandBeaconsonCharts

B.CharacteristicofLightsandBeacons

C.CorrectionstoSmallandLargeScalecharts

D.NavigationalChartsPublication

Passage11

DALIANOBSYGALEWARNING190600Z

COLDFRONTWILLPASSBOHAISEABOHAISTRAITSNORTHANDCENTRALHUANGHAISEA

CAUSINGGALEWINDSTOMORROWAFTERNOONANDEVENINGSTOP.

SYNOPTICSITUATION190600Z

LOW994HPAAT48N118EMOVINGSE8KTSWITHCOLDFRONTFROMCENTERPASSISNG44N

128EHIGH1013HPAAT38N124ESTATIONARYSTOP

24HOURSWEATHERFORECASTFROM191000Z

BOHAISEABOHAISTRAITSNORTHANDCENTRALHUANGHAISEAPARLYCLOUDYBECOMING

OVERCASTTOMORROWWITHRAINSWWINDSFORCE7TO8TOMORROWATERNOONAND

EVENINGSEAROUGHBECOMINGVERYROUGHSTOP.

041.TheCOLDFRONTwillpassBohaiSea,BohaiStraits,NorthandcentralHuanghaiSeaon

A.The20thB.The19th

C.The18thD.The6th

042.isstationaryat38N124E.

A.Low994HpaB.High1013Hpa

C.ColdfrontD.Warmfront

043.Thewindsareexpectedtomorrowtobe?

A.roughB.veryrough

C.SE8knotsD.SW7-8inforce

044.Whatistheweatherliketomorrowinthisarea?.

A.ItwillbepartlycloudybecomingovercastwithrainandSWforce7-8winds

B.LOW994HPAat48N118EismovingSE8KTSwithCOLDFRONTfromcenterpassing44N128E

C.HIGH1013HPAat38N124Ewillbestationary

D.Itwillrainthewholeday

Passage12

Insomepartsofachartwherethespacesareratherblankandtherearenosymbolsofanykind,theremaybe

Cautions,Warnings,Notes,etc.,whichshouldbetakenintoaccountwhileusingachart.AllofthoseCautionary

Notesgivethemarinerfacilitiestoensuresafenavigation,suchastoavoidrunningagroundinshallowwaters

andmakingdamagestonearbyfishinggears,andtokeepoffanyhazardsinareaswheresubmarinefrequently

exercises.Furthermore,theyareofgoodhelptomariners,astothereliabilityofthenavigationalaidsespecially

incongestedwatersornarrowchannels,topreventanypossibleaccidents.

045.Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?.

A.Regulationsoftheharbor

B.DetailsintheSailingDirections

C.Rulesoftheterminal

D.DescriptiononAdmiraltyCharts

046.Accordingtothepassage,youmustpayattentiontowhileusingachart.

A.Cautions,WarningsandNotes

B.Reports,SymbolsandCharts

C.Explanations,accountsandanswers

D.Damages,hazardsandinjuries

047.CautionaryNotesarehelpfulformariners.

A.torunagroundinshallowwaters

B.tomakedamagestonearbyfishinggears

C.tokeepoffhazardsinareaswheresubmarineexercises

D.tokeepthereliabilityoftheaidstonavigationincongestedwatersornarrowchannels

048.Cautions,Warnings,Notes,etc.arelikelyinsertedinsomepartsofachartwhere.

A.submarinefrequentlyexercises

B.therearefishinggears

C.thewatersiscongestedandthechannelsarenarrow

D.thespacesareratherblankandtherearenosymbolsofanykind

Passage13

Logbooksrequiredbylaw,tobefilledoutbymastersorofficersondutyofeveryship,theformsofwhichmust

beprovedbytheshippingcompaniesormarineauthorities.

Logbooksareusedtorecordtheeventsoccurringduringtheship'sstayinaharbor,atanchorage,orunderway,

andtheyarealsorequestedtoproduceevidencesincaseofficialsinquireaboutaccidents.

Oncompletionofthevoyagethelogbookmustbesubmittedtothesuperintendentoftheownerorthemarine

authoritiesforjustification,checkingorapproval.Therefore,everythingrecordedinthelogbookmustbetrue

andaccurate.

Whenamisentryhasbeenmadeinthelog,aredlinewouldbedrawnonthoseparts.Thecorrectentrywith

signatureshouldbemadenearorabovethem.Noerasuresorcutsaretobeallowed.

O49.ThebesttitleforthepassageisH"

A.TheformsoflogbooksB.Theuseoflogbooks

C.CharacteristicsoflogbooksD.Howtochecklogbooks

050.Whenamisentryhasbeenmadeinthelog,.

A.erasuresorcutsaretobeallowed.

B.itistobecorrectedoutbymastersorofficersondutyofeveryship

C.itistobeproducedincaseofficialsinquireaboutaccidents.

D.aredlinewouldbedrawnonthoseparts,withcorrectentrywithsignaturebeingmadenearorabove

them.

05l.Theformsoflogbooksmustbeprovedby.

A.officialswhoinquireaboutaccidents.

B.theshippingcompaniesormarineauthorities.

C.mastersorofficersonduty.

D.thesuperintendentoftheowner.

052.Thelogbookmustbesubmittedtothesuperintendentoftheownerorthemarineauthoritiesfor

justification,checkingorapproval.

A.oncompletionofthevoyageB.inaharbor

C.atanchorageD.underway

Passage14

Fornavigation,radarisofincrediblevalue.Itprovidesthenavigatorwithhisposition,hisdistancefromships

orobstructionsnearbyandotheraccurateinformationtopreventcollisionandensurethesafetyoftheship.

Radarcandisplayallobjectswithinitsworkingrangeclearly,eitherinclearweatherorinthickfog.In

addition,iftheradarinformationiscorrectlyinterpreted,thenavigatorcaneasilyworkoutthespeedand

directionofanapproachingobjectandtakepropermeasurestokeephisshipfromanydanger.

Shore-basedradaralsoplaysanimportantroleinshipping.Ifship'sradarisintrouble,theradarobserveratthe

stationswilluseVHFradiotoalertthemtoothertrafficinthevicinityaswellastoadvisetheirposition.Upto

now,manyradarsurveillancesystemshavebeeninstalledinmostlargeseaports.Theyareintendedtosmooth

andcontroltheHowoftraffictoandfromtheharbor.

053.Fornavigation,theradaris.

A.ofnovalue

B.veryimportant

C.soexpensivethatpeopledon'tknowhowmuchitis

D.valueless

O54.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutradar'sfunctionformarinepurposesisincorrect?.

A.Itprovidesthenavigatortheship'sposition

B.Itprovidesinformationtoprotectshipsfromcollision

C.Itdisplaysalltheobjectsatseaclearly

D.Itdisplaystheobserver'sdistancefromshipsandobstructionsnearby

O55.Iftheship'sradarisintrouble,theshore-basedradar.

A.mayprovidetheshipofherposition

B.shouldbeinstalledwithsurveillancesystems

C.shalladvisetheshiptouseVHF

D.willbeputintouseimmediately

O56.Radarsurveillancesystems.

A.mayprovideallshipsoftheirtechnicalconditions

B.shouldbeinstalledwithVHF

C.shallbecorrectlyinterpreted,

D.areintendedtosmoothandcontroltheflowoftraffictoandfromtheharbor.

Passage15

Communicationsoverrelativelyshortdistancescanbemadebyvisualorsoundsignals.Visualsignalscanbe

sentbyusingflagsoranAldislamp.AnAldislampisanelectriclampusedforflashingmessagesinMorse

code.Thetraditionalmethodofsignalingfromoneshiptoanotherisbyusingflags.Therearedifferentcolored

flagsforeachletterofthealphabet.Therearealsopennant-shapedflagsfornumbers,andalongpennant,

knownasanansweringorcodepennant.Threeotherflags,whichareburgee-shaped,areknownassubstitutes.

Theseshowthattheflatorpennantisbeingrepeated.Besidesstandingforaletterofthealphabet,eachflag,

whenhoistedalong,hasanothermeaning.Forexample,the"W"flagalsomeans:"Irequiremedicalassistance".

Flagscanalsobehoistedincombinationsoftwo,threeorfour.Siren,whistle,bellorothersoundsignalscan

beusedinfogandsimilarcircumstanceswhenvisualsignalscannotbeseen.

057.Communicationsoverrelativelyshortdistancesmaybemadeby.

A.visualsignals

B.soundsignals

C.MorseCode

D.Eithervisualorsoundsignals

O58.AnAldislampisusedfor.

A.transmittingMorsecodeB.flashingflags

C.sendingflagsignalsD.sendingsoundsignals

O59.Burgee-shapedflagsareusedassubstitutestoshow.

A."repeating"

B.”answering”

C."code"pennant

D.”Irequiringmedicalassistance"

060.areusedinfogandsimilarcircumstanceswhenvisualsignalscannotbeseen.

A.Visualsignals

B.Substitutes

C.Pennant-shapedflags

D.Theship'ssiren,whistleorbell

Passage16

Whenthesendersofgoodshavelargeshipmenttomake,andespeciallywhenbulkcargoisconcerned,itis

advisablethattheyhavesomeshipsattheirdisposal.Someofthebigcompaniessetupafleetoftheirown,but

therestmayfinditmoreprofitabletohireinsteadofbuildingorbuyingships.Thisiscalled"chartering1'.The

charteringoftheshipisusuallydonethroughtheintermediaryofbrokers,who,whenhired,w