matlab在電力電子技術(shù)中的應(yīng)用大學(xué)畢設(shè)論文

附錄外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯InteractiveSimulationofPowerElectronicsCircuits–aSIMPLORERApproachAbstract–Basicbenefitsofsimulationandrequirementsforappropriatepowerelectronicsystemmodelingandsimulationtoolsarereported.Asacandidateforoptimalpowerelectronicsystemsimulator,SIMPLORERsoftwarepackageissuggested.Itismixed-modemixed-languagecircuitorientedsimulator.Togetherwithitsadd-ons,SIMPLORERcansolvethemostcomplicatedproblemsfromthefieldofpowerelectronicssystems.Twosimpleeducationalprojectsaredescribed,clearlyshowinggoodpropertiesofdescribedsoftwareformodelingandsimulationofpowerelectronicssystems.Asaveryspecialproperty,possibilityofinteractivesimulationusingkeyboardinterventionduringsimulationisemphasized.I.INTRODUCTIONTodaythereisanevidentneedformodelingandsimulationofpowerelectronicscircuitsinthefieldofdesign,researchanddevelopmentaswellasintheeducationarea.Powerelectronicscircuits,withtheirapplicationobjects(motordrives,actuators,etc.),areverycomplexobjects,requiringmultidisciplinaryapproachintheiranalysis.Systemstobeanalyzedareelectricalcircuitswithswitchingelements,controlsystemblocks,controlalgorithmsandlogicalexpressions.Modelingandsimulationofsuchacomplexsystemisnotasimpletask.Choosingtherightmodelingandsimulationtooliscrucialforefficiencyofdesignprocess.Whatarebasicbenefitsofsimulationinthedesignprocessofpowerelectronicssystems?Simulationissurelyanefficientwayoflearninghowpowerelectronicscircuitanditscontrolworks.Itisthereforewellsuitedforresearchanddevelopmentaswellaseducationfield.Withthehelpofsimulation,possibleproblemscanbediscoveredinearlyphaseofdesignprocess,resultingwithadequatefinancialbenefits.Itiseasytoprovideanoptimizationprocedureforoptimalcircuitandcontrolparameters,bymeansofappropriatemodelingandsimulation.Simulationisidealfornondestructivetestingofcircuitsandcontrolalgorithms.Responsestosystemfaultsandabnormalworkingconditionscanbethoroughlyanalyzedwithpracticallynomaterialcostandwithgreatsafety.Asopposedtorealpowerelectronicsystems,itispossibletosimplifycertainpartsofcircuitinordertofocusonspecificpartofthecircuit.Simulationispossibleonseveralcomplexitylevelsdependingonwhatanswersoncircuitbehaviorareexpected.II.REQUIREMENTSONMODELINGANDSIMULATIONTOOLSAsmentionedinintroduction,itisnoteasytochoosetherightmodelingandsimulationtoolforpowerelectronicssystems.Basicrequirementsonpowerelectronicsmodelingandsimulationtoolsarefollowing.User-friendlyinterfaceenablesfastandaccurateinputandoutputofdata,aswellasprocessinganddisplayofresults.Multilevelmodelingcapabilityisrequiredfromagoodsimulationprogram,toallowvariousapproachestosystemmodeling,e.g.differentialequations,statevariables,transferfunctions,logicalexpressionsetc.Accurateswitchmodelsandrobustswitchingoperationsarenecessaryforefficientsimulationofpowerelectronicssystems,consistingprimaryofswitchingelements(diodes,transistors…).Numericalintegrationalgorithm,asabasisofeachsimulator,hastotakecareoffastswitchingtimes,whatcanleadtonumericalinstabilityproblems.Executiontimeofsimulationshouldbeinacceptablelimits.Powerelectronicsystemshaveahugespanbetweenthetimeconstantsofitsparts.Numericalintegrationalgorithmofthesimulatorshouldtakecareoftheproperintegrationsteptoreachgoodaccuracyandacceptableexecutiontime.Initialconditionsinpowerelectronicssystemsareimportantforfasterreachingthesteadystateofoperation.Goodsimulationprogramshouldenabletheusertoset,saveandloadinitialandfinalconditionsofpowerelectronicssystem.Basicallythereare2broadcategoriesofsimulationprogramsappropriateforpowerelectronicssystems.FirstareEquationsolvers(MATRIXx,MATLAB/SIMULINK…)andsecondareCircuitsimulators(SPICE,EMTP,SIMPLORER…).Equationsolversaremoreuniversal,butnotsoappropriatefordetailedanalysisofelectricalcircuits.Circuitsimulatorsarebettersuitedforelectricalcircuitanalysis,withlowercapabilitiesindescriptionofcontrolsystemsandalgorithms.ModerncircuitsimulatorsareapproachingintheircapabilitiestoEquationsolvers.Therearemanycircuitsimulatorsonthemarkettoday,differinginsomefundamentalrespectsasusednumericalintegrationmethodforsolvingdifferentialequations,treatmentofnon-linearities,integrationtimestepcontrol,searchofbreakpoints,treatmentofswitchmodelsandpossibleincorporationofcontrollersandexternalmodelsformultilevelsimulation.AftermoreyearsofexperienceinR&Dandeducationalfield,theSIMPLORERsimulationpackageisfoundtofulfillinthegreatextentalltherequirementsforpowerelectronicssystemsimulator.III.SIMPLORER?-POWERELECTRONICSSYSTEMSIMULATORA.BasicfeaturesSIMPLORERismixed-modemixed-languagecircuitorientedsimulator.Itconsistsof3differentsimulators,ideallycoupledandsynchronized.Networksimulatoriscircuitsimulatordedicatedformodelingandsimulationofelectricalcircuits,withlibrariesspeciallypreparedandoptimizedforpowerelectronicssystems.Block-diagramsimulatorissimilartostandardequationsimulators(e.g.SIMULINK)andisdedicatedfordescriptionandsimulationofcontrollawsandhybridsystems,whichcouldbedescribedbymeansoftransferfunctionsordifferentialequations.Block-diagramsimulatorworksincontinuousanddiscretedomain.ThirdpartofSIMPLORERisstate-graphsimulatorfordescriptionofevent-drivensystemsandcontrollaws.State-graphsimulatorisefficienttoolformodelingevenverycomplexcontrollaws.Formulae/Functions/CharacteristicsModuleofSIMPLORERadditionallyenhancesthefunctionalityofSIMPLORER.Itprovidesthepossibilityforspecificationoftime-dependentfunctionsornon-linearelementsandforgeneratingsignalsfromandfordifferentsystemparametersofthecomponents.Thedefinitionofuser-definedmodulesisalsopossibleintheformofmacro-modulesorC-code.Definitionofmodeltobesimulatedcanbeprovidedintextual,ormoreconvenientgraphicalform.SIMPLORERhasitsowngraphicalinputtool.Thisgraphicalinputschematictoolisveryconvenientwayofdefiningtheproblemtobesolved.Manydifferentlibrariesareonthedispositiontotheuser.Electricalcircuitlibrarycontainsallkindsoflinearandnon-linear,independentordependent,passiveelements(resistors,capacitorsandinductors)andvoltageandcurrentsources.Therearealsobasicmodelsofsemiconductorswitchesandelectricalmachines.Functionmodulelibrarycontainsbasictimefunctions(sine,squarewave,etc.),characteristicfunctions(exp,poly,etc.),machinecharacteristicsformachinemodelsandSPICEcharacteristicsforsemiconductorswitchmodels.Blockdiagrammodulelibrarycontainsnecessarybasicblocksfordescriptionofdynamicsystems,suchasdiscreteorcontinuoustransferfunctions,PIDblocks,limitersetc.Stategraphmodulelibrarycontainsbasicelementsofstate-graphtheory,netelementsandstates.Therearemorebasiclibrariesondisposal(magneticcircuits,digitalelementsetc.)aswellasadditionaloptionallibrariesfornonlinearandlineartransmissionelementsandbasicpowerelectronicscircuitswithappropriatecontrollaws.Simulationparameters(integrationmethod,timestep,errors,limitsofsimulation,etc.)canbedefinedandchangedbeforethesimulation,enablingaccuratecontrolofsimulationprocess.Twomethodsofnumericalintegrationcanbechosen,trapezoidalorEuler’s.Displayofresultsison-line,duringsimulation,asopposedtoPSPICE.DataanalysisprogramDAYisintegralpartofSIMPLORERsimulator,servingfordisplayandanalysisofsimulateddata.B.AdvancedfeaturesBesidesbasicSIMPLORERsimulatorsandDAYtoolfordisplayandanalysisofdata,therearemanyotherusefultoolsenhancingthepowerofSIMPLORER.ThistoolsareModelAgent,ExperimentTool,AnalyticalFrequencyResponseTool,MagExpert,C-Interface,Simulink-Interface,IEEE-Interface,Fuzzy-Interface.ModelAgentistoolforhandlingmanyavailablemodelsandmacrosdistributedinseveralstandardandoptionallibraries.Itcaneditexistingmodelsandsavenewdevelopedmodels.ExperimentToolwithoptimizationservesforfindingtheoptimumsetofparametersincertainsystemwiththehelpofseveraltasktypes,astrendanalysis,MonteCarloanalysis,worstcaseanalysis,successiveapproximation,geneticalgorithm,frequencyanalysisandmultisimulation.MagExpertispreprocessorfordeterminationofmodelparametersofnonlinearmagneticmodels.C-Interfaceenablestheusertodesignandimplementown(nonlinear)functionsoralgorithmsprogrammedusingC/C++.Simulink-Interfacemakesaconnectiontowell-knownsimulatorofEquationsolvertype,MATLAB/SIMULINK.Nowitispossibletoprovideparallelsimulationonbothsimulators,SIMPLORERandSIMULINK.Powerelectronicssystemwithitscontrolcanbeseparatedintwopartsandthensimulatedwithoptimalsimulator.IV.INTERACTIVESIMULATIONOn-linedisplayofresultsduringthesimulationenablestheusertoseeimmediatelytheflowofsimulation.Ifsomethingiswrongwithmodel,simulationcanbestoppedandmodelcanbecorrected.ButSIMPLORERoffersevenmore.Itisinteractivesimulator,enablingtheusertointerveneintothemodelorsimulationparametersduringthesimulation.Eachsystemvariablecanbereachedeasilyduringthesimulationbypropertextualaddressing.Fig.1.AnexampleofstategraphmodelingwithkeyboardinterventionThisinterestingandusefulfeatureisexplainedbyfollowingexamples.VoltageonresistorR1canbecalledwithU”R1”.ValueofresistorR1canbereadorchangedwithWERT”R1”.AlsointhemodulesofBlocksimulator(e.g.continuoustransferfunctionG(z))eachparameterofamodulecanbereadorchanged.P01”Bl_name”meansfirstparameterofblocknamedBl_name.Inthiswayanadaptationofcontrollerparameterscanbedoneduringthesimulation.Theparametersoftimefunctionscanbereachedinthesameway,enablingthechangeofamplitude,frequencyorothercharacteristicvalueoftimefunction.Theuseofstate-graphsimulatorisespeciallyappropriateforinterventionintosimulationduringthesimulation.AsreallyspecialfeatureofSIMPLORER,possibilityofkeyboardinterventioncanbeemphasized.Fig.1illustratesthisfeature.Twostatesaredefined,inputandoutput,withtransferconditionbetweenthem,callednetelement.Foreachstateanactioncanbedefined,whichwillbeprocessedifthestateisactive.Thereare12possibleactions,wherefollowingarethemostinteresting.ActionSET:calculatesthevalueofvariableonlyonceatthemomentofactivationoftheaccordingstate.Thisisveryimportantforchangingtheparametersbykeyboardintervention.OnexampleshownonFig.1.pressingthekeyCchangesthevalueofresistorR1by10%.ActionDEL:setsadelay(asortofmonostable).Thevariableissettofalseatthemomentofactivationandsettotrueafterthedelaytime.ActionKEY:setsamarkinthestatebypressingacertainkey.Therearereallymanypossibilitiesforusingstategraphmodeling.Itcanbeusedforon-lineadaptationofsystemparametersduringthesimulation,forchangingthestructureofthesystem.Evensimulationparameterscanbechangedduringthesimulation,asminimumandmaximumintegrationsteps(HMIN,HMAX),timeofsimulation,integrationalgorithmetc.Stategraphmodelingcanbeusedalsoforcreatingthecontrollawsforpowerswitches.Asshownintheexample,currentmodePWMforswitchesinH-bridgecanbeeasilydefinedwithonlyafewstatesandnetelements.V.CHARACTERISTICEXAMPLESManyexamplesofsophisticateduseofSIMPLORERindifferentareasofpowerelectronicscanbefound,butwehavechosen2basicexamplesclearlyshowingSIMPLORER’sapplicationintheeducation.Firstoneissingle-phasebridgelineconverterwithdifferenttypesofload,andsecondoneisH-bridgeinverterwithtransistortypeswitchesandcurrentmodePWM.Inbothexamplesinterventionfromcomputerkeyboardchangesthestructureorparametersofsimulatedsystemduringthesimulation.Projectwithsingle-phasebridgelineconverterisfirstexamplededicatedforexplainingthefundamentalsoflineconverterstheory,Fig.2.Keyboardisusedforchangebetweeninductiveload,pureresistiveload,idealcurrentsourceload,freewheelingdiode.Alsofiringangleα,counterEMFE,commutationinductancesLkcanbechangedviakeyboard.SomeresultsofsuchaninteractivesimulationcanbeseenalsoonFig.3,whereloadvoltageandcurrentareinfluencedbychangesfromkeyboard.Theresultofchange,causedbykeypressing,isimmediatelyseenondisplay.Additionalanalysisofresults,e.g.FFTofloadvoltageorlinecurrent,canbeperformedaftersimulationusingtheDAYtool.ProjectwithH-bridgeinverterwithinductiveloadandhysteresiscontrolissecondexample,Fig.3.Differentcomplexitylevelsofpowerswitchmodelscanbeused.FromidealswitchmodelstoSPICEbasedmodelsorspecialmacrosbasedonbehavioralmodeling.Foreducationalpurposes,ifonlyvoltage-currentrelationsontheloadareofinterest,notthedetailsofswitchingonpowerswitches,itisadvisabletousesimplemodeloftransistorwithappropriateVInonlinearcharacteristic.WidthofhysteresisD,whichcanbechangedbypressingthekeysLorS,definestheswitchingfrequencyofinverterandharmonicspectraofloadcurrent.TheinfluenceofhysteresiswidthonloadcurrentwaveformcanbeseenonupperrightpartofFig.3.Interestingwaveformsshowingthebehaviorofcontrolsignalsforswitches,loadvoltageandloadcurrentareshownonlowerrightpartofFig.3.Veryinterestingisthewayofmodulationrealization.Initialvalueassignment(ICA)andPermanentassignment(VA)expressionsaredefiningbasicparametersofcurrentreferencesignal.PowerswitchesTR1-TR4areswitchedonoroffaccordingtothelawdefinedbystategraphmodeling.Stategraphmodelingisalsousedforkeyboardactivatedchangeofhysteresiswidth,Fig.3.VI.CONCLUSIONSIMPLORERispowerfulmodelingandsimulationtooldedicatedforpowerelectronicssystems.Itcansolvethespecificproblemsthatappearinthatfield.Becauseof3differentmodelinglanguagesincorporatedinSIMPLORER,differenttypesofsystemscanbeeasilydescribed,electricalcircuits,blockdiagramsandeventdrivendiscretesystems.Fromthedescribedexamples,thefeatureofinteractivesimulationthroughkeyboardinterventionintosimulationcanbeseen.ThisisoriginalfeatureofSIMPLORER,appropriateforeducationalpurposes,aswellasinfieldofresearchanddevelopment.電力電子電路的交互式仿真一種SIMPLORER軟件的用法摘要SIMPLORER擁有強大的多領(lǐng)域復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)仿真軟件包，包含機電元件、電子線路、控制算法在內(nèi)的系統(tǒng)仿真和多種仿真算法，對機電驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)和電力電子系統(tǒng)仿真分析。它的混合模式混合語言電路面向模擬器。連同其插件，SIMPLORER可以解決最復(fù)雜的問題，從外地的電力電子系統(tǒng)。舉兩個簡單的例子說明，清楚顯示良好的性能描述軟件的建模與仿真的電力電子系統(tǒng)；作為一個非常有特色的軟件，可以使用人機交互仿真模擬過程中的干預(yù)的重要性。I.簡介今天，電力電子電路建模與仿真領(lǐng)域的設(shè)計，研究和開發(fā)以及在教育領(lǐng)域。電力電子電路，其應(yīng)用對象（電機驅(qū)動器，驅(qū)動器等），是非常復(fù)雜的對象，需要多學(xué)科方法的分析。系統(tǒng)的分析是電路與開關(guān)元件，控制系統(tǒng)模塊，控制算法和邏輯表達(dá)式。建模與仿真這樣一個復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)不是一項簡單的任務(wù)。選擇正確的建模與仿真工具是至關(guān)重要的效率的設(shè)計過程。什么是最好的仿真在設(shè)計過程中的電力電子系統(tǒng)？仿真肯定是一個有效率的方式來學(xué)習(xí)如何電力電子電路與控制工程。因此，非常適合用于研究和開發(fā)以及教育領(lǐng)域。的幫助下，模擬可能出現(xiàn)的問題可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，在早期階段設(shè)計過程，從而提供足夠的財政利益。人們很容易提供的優(yōu)化程序的優(yōu)化電路和控制參數(shù)，通過適當(dāng)?shù)慕Ｅc仿真。仿真是理想的無損檢測電路和控制算法。反應(yīng)系統(tǒng)故障和異常的工作條件可以深入分析，幾乎沒有物質(zhì)的成本和巨大的安全。而不是真正的電力電子系統(tǒng)，可以簡化電路的某些部分，以便把重點放在具體的部分電路。仿真有可能在一些復(fù)雜程度取決于答案電路行為預(yù)期。II.仿真建模工具的需求如上介紹，這是不容易的選擇合適的建模與仿真工具，電力電子系統(tǒng)?；疽蟮碾娏﹄娮咏Ｅc仿真工具以下。用戶友好的界面實現(xiàn)了快速，準(zhǔn)確的輸入和輸出的數(shù)據(jù)，以及處理和顯示的結(jié)果。多層次的建模能力，需要一個良好的模擬程序，使各種辦法系統(tǒng)建模，例如微分方程，狀態(tài)變量，傳遞函數(shù)，邏輯運算等。準(zhǔn)確的開關(guān)模式和強大的交換業(yè)務(wù)所必需的高效率仿真電力電子系統(tǒng)，包括主要的開關(guān)元件（二極管，晶體管...）。數(shù)值積分算法，并在此基礎(chǔ)上每個模擬器，已照顧快速開關(guān)時間，什么可以導(dǎo)致數(shù)值不穩(wěn)定的問題。執(zhí)行時間的仿真應(yīng)在可接受的限度。電力電子系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生巨大的間隔時間常數(shù)其組成部分。數(shù)值積分算法模擬器應(yīng)注意適當(dāng)一體化步驟達(dá)成良好的準(zhǔn)確性和可接受的執(zhí)行時間。初始條件的電力電子系統(tǒng)是非常重要的速度達(dá)到穩(wěn)態(tài)運行。良好的仿真程序應(yīng)當(dāng)使用戶能夠設(shè)置，保存和加載初始和最終條件的電力電子系統(tǒng)。基本上有2大類的模擬程序適當(dāng)?shù)碾娏﹄娮酉到y(tǒng)。首先是方程求解（MATRIXx，基于MATLAB/SIMULINK...）和第二次是電路模擬器（香料，相配合，SIMPLORER...）。方程的解更具有普遍性，但不那么適當(dāng)?shù)脑敿?xì)分析了電路。電路模擬器更適合電路分析，低能力的描述控制系統(tǒng)和算法。現(xiàn)代電路模擬器正在接近其能力的方程求解。有許多電路模擬器當(dāng)今市場上，不同的在一些基本方面所用的數(shù)值積分法求解微分方程，處理非線性，積分時間步控制，尋找破發(fā)點，治療和可能的開關(guān)模式納入控制器和外部多層次仿真模型。經(jīng)過多年的經(jīng)驗，在研發(fā)和教育領(lǐng)域，SIMPLORER仿真軟件包被發(fā)現(xiàn)

實現(xiàn)在很大程度上所有要求電力電子系統(tǒng)仿真器。IIISIMPLORER對電力電子系統(tǒng)的仿真A.基本特色SIMPLORER是混合模式混合語言電路面向模擬器。它由3個不同的模擬器，最好加上同步。網(wǎng)絡(luò)仿真器是專門為電路模擬器建模與仿真電路，圖書館，專門編寫和優(yōu)化電力電子系統(tǒng)。塊圖模擬器類似標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方程模擬器（如仿真），是專門用于描述和模擬控制的法律和混合動力系統(tǒng)，這可能是所描述的手段傳遞函數(shù)或微分方程。塊圖模擬器工程在連續(xù)和離散的網(wǎng)域。第三部分是國家SIMPLORER圖模擬器說明事件驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)和控制的法律。國圖模擬器是有效的工具，甚至是非常復(fù)雜的模擬控制法。公式/功能/特性模塊SIMPLORER此外增強功能。它提供的可能性的具體時間而定的職能或非線性因素和產(chǎn)生的信號和不同的系統(tǒng)參數(shù)的組成部分。的定義，用戶定義的模塊也有可能的形式，宏觀模塊或C代碼。

定義模型可以模擬可提供文字，或更方便的圖形化的形式。SIMPLORER有其自己的圖形輸入工具。這個圖形輸入示意圖工具是非常便捷的方式界定問題有待解決。許多不同的圖書館有關(guān)于處置給用戶。電路庫包含各種線性和非線性，獨立或依賴，被動元件（電阻器，電容器和電感器）和電壓和電流源。也有基本模式的半導(dǎo)體開關(guān)和電機。功能模塊庫包含基本的時間函數(shù)（正弦波，方波等），特征函數(shù)（預(yù)期，聚等），機械特性的機器模型與SPICE特色的半導(dǎo)體開關(guān)模式。方框圖模塊庫包含必要的基本組成部分描述的動態(tài)系統(tǒng)，如離散或連續(xù)傳遞函數(shù)，PID控制模塊，限制器等國圖模塊庫包含的基本要素狀態(tài)圖論，凈要素和國家。有更多的基本圖書館處置（磁電路，數(shù)字內(nèi)容等）以及其他可選圖書館的非線性和線性傳輸內(nèi)容和基本電力電子電路與適當(dāng)管制法律。模擬參數(shù)（積分法，時間步長，錯誤，限制仿真等），可以定義和改變前的模擬，使精確控制仿真進(jìn)程。兩種方法的數(shù)值積分可以選擇，梯形或歐拉。顯示的結(jié)果是在網(wǎng)上，在模擬，而不是仿真。數(shù)據(jù)分析程序一天是不可分割的組成部分SIMPLORER模擬器，服務(wù)的顯示和分析的模擬數(shù)據(jù)。B．高級特征除了基本的SIMPLORER模擬器及日間工具，顯示和分析數(shù)據(jù)，還有許多其他有用的工具，加強力量SIMPLORER。這種工具是代理模型，實驗工具，分析工具的頻率響應(yīng)，磁專家和C-接口，仿真接口，IEEE標(biāo)準(zhǔn)接口，模糊接口。模型代理的工具，以處理許多現(xiàn)有模式和宏分布