人教版高中英語(yǔ)必修五：Unit1Greatscientists語(yǔ)法歸納過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)

§語(yǔ)法歸納過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ).過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)與所修飾詞之間存在兩種意義關(guān)系：一是及物動(dòng)詞表被動(dòng)意義（或已完成的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作）；二是不及物動(dòng)詞表示完成意義。anorganizedtrip有組織的旅行（被動(dòng)）Thequestiondiscussedwasveryimportant.被討論的問(wèn)題非常重要。（即表被動(dòng)又表完成）boiledwater開水（完成）fallenleaves落葉（完成）⑴單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)一般放在被修飾的名詞之前，有時(shí)也放在被修飾的名詞之后。Myfriendisareturnedstudent.我的朋友是個(gè)歸國(guó)的留學(xué)生。Theexcitedpeoplerushedintothehall.激動(dòng)的人們沖進(jìn)大廳。Thereisnotimeleft.沒(méi)有多少時(shí)間了。（2）過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)要放在被修飾的名詞后面，作后置定語(yǔ)，作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。Thestudentdressedinwhiteismydaughter.=Thestudentwhoisdressedinwhiteismydaughter.穿白色衣服的學(xué)生是我的女兒。Isthereanythingplannedfortonight?=Isthereanythingthathasbeenplannedfortonight?今晚安排了什么活動(dòng)沒(méi)有？Thebook,writtenin1957,tellsthestruggleoftheminers.=Thebook,whichwaswrittenin1957,tellsthestruggleoftheminers.這本書是1957年寫的，講的是關(guān)于礦工斗爭(zhēng)的故事。.過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)（用作表語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞大多已形容詞化）。這種結(jié)構(gòu)從形式上看與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)相同，但后者表示主語(yǔ)所承受的動(dòng)作。Heisverytiredafteralongwalk.走了很長(zhǎng)的路，他感到很累。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）Thiswindowisbroken.這個(gè)窗戶破了。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）Thiswindowwasbrokenbythenaughtyboythere.這個(gè)窗戶是被那邊那個(gè)頑皮的男孩打破的。（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）.現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示主動(dòng)意義，過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)一般表示被動(dòng)含義。現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)表示狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作已完成。Thechildstandingoverthereismybrother.站在那兒的男孩是我弟弟。Theroomfacingsouthisourclassroom.朝南的房間是我們的教室。Heisanadvancedteacher.他是位高級(jí)教師。.現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別-ing形式表示“令人……的”，多用來(lái)修飾物；v.-ed形式表示“某人感到……的"，多用來(lái)修飾人。Thebookisveryinteresting.這本書很有趣。Heisveryinterestedinthebook.他對(duì)這本書很感興趣。Thisisamovingstory.這是一個(gè)感人的故事。Weweredeeplymovedbythestory.我們被這個(gè)故事深深地打動(dòng)了。Thenewsisveryexciting.這消息太激動(dòng)人心了。Iwasexcitedatthenews.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息我很激動(dòng)。注意：(1)v.-ing形式也可以修飾人，v.-ed形式也可以修飾物，要根據(jù)句意選擇適當(dāng)?shù)男问?。theworriedexpression憂慮的表情thedisappointingboy令人失望的孩子⑴英語(yǔ)中一些表示心理變化的動(dòng)詞，其中v.-ing和v.-ed形式通常起形容詞作用，在句中作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，常用的這類詞有：exciting令人激動(dòng)的《 excited感到激動(dòng)的,delighting令人高興的《 delighted感到高興的,disappointing令人失望的《 disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的《 encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的《 .pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人費(fèi)解的《 .puzzled感到費(fèi)解的,satisfying令人滿意的《 .satisfied感到滿意的,surprising令人驚異的《 .surprised感到驚異的［語(yǔ)法練習(xí)］一、單項(xiàng)選擇。Alexandertriedtogethisworkinthemedicalcircles.A.torecognizeB.recognizingC.recognizeD.recognizedAgreatnumberofstudentssaidtheywereforcedtopracticethepiano.A.toquestionB.tobequestionedC.questionedD.questioningMrs.Whiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmapsfromthelibrary.A.toborrow B.tobeborrowedC.borrowedD.borrowingSofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoneyinthelibrary.A.discoveredB.tobediscoveredC.discoveringD.havingdiscoveredInApril,thousandsofholidaymakersremainedabroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.A.sticking B.stuckC.tobestuckD.tohavestuckI,mcallingtoenquireaboutthepositioninyesterday,sChinaDailyA.advertised B.tobeadvertisedC.advertising D.havingadvertisedWiththegovernment,said,thosebytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.A.affect B. affectingC.affected D. wereaffectedLadiesandgentlemen,pleaseremainuntiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.A.seated B. seatingC.toseat D.seatForbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromfreshfruitonhisownfarm.A.grown B.beinggrownC.tobegrown D.togrowNowthatwe,vediscussedourproblem,arepeoplehappywiththedecisions?A.taking B.takeC.taken D.totakeThroughouthistory,thelanguagebyapowerfulgroupspreadsacrossacivilization.A.speaking B.spokenC.tospeak D.tobespokenThetreesinthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad.A.beingblowndownB.blowndownC.blowingdown D.toblowdownWefinishedtheruninlessthanhalfthetime.A.allowing B.toallowC.allowed D.allowsItisoneofthefunniestthingsontheInternetsofarthisyear.A.finding B.beingfoundC.tofind D.foundTheTownHallinthe1800'swasthemostdistinguishedbuildingatthattime.A.tobecompletedB.havingbeencompletedC.completed D.beingcompleted“Thingsnevercomeagain!”Icouldn'thelptalkingtomyself.A.lost B.losingC.tolose D.havelostTherehavebeenseveralneweventstotheprogramsforthe2008BeijingOlympicGames.A.add B.toaddC.adding D.addedTheprizeofthegameshowis$30,000andanallexpensesvacationtoChina.A.paying B.paidC.tobepaid D.beingpaidThefirsttextbooksforteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.writtenDon,tusewords,expressions,orphrasesonlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.knownTheforeignguests,byaninterpreter,cameoutofthehall.A.followingB.tofollowC.followedD.tobefollowedTheproblemsoquicklylasteveningwillnotbesetagainanywhere.A.havingbeensettledB.settleC.besettledD.settledThechildrenatthehospitalyesterdaywereseriouslyill.A.toexamineB.examinedC.examineD.examiningHetalkedabouthissuggestionsbyyouyesterday.A.beenturneddown B.turneddownC.tobeturneddown D.toturndown—I,mverywithmyowncooking.Itlooksniceandsmellsdelicious.—Mm.Itdoeshaveasmell.A.pleasant;pleasedB.pleased;pleasedC.pleasant;pleasantD.pleased;pleasantThemanagerswillagaindiscusstheplanlastweek.A.carriedoutB.carryingoutC.carryoutD.tocarryoutAftertheheavyrain,manycarsgotinthemud.A.catch B.catchingC.caught D.beingcaughtWhatsurprisedmemostwasthattheleaderofthatcountrygot.A.kill B.killingC.killed D.tobekilledWhenIwentin, theywereinaheateddiscussion.A.absorbB.absorbedC.absorbingD.beingabsorbedThethiefseemsinthatcave.Let,sgoandsee.A.hiddenB.hideC.hiding D.tohide二、完成句子。Therewas(一種興奮的表情)onhisfacewhentheactressappeared.(excite)Theroad(交通車輛專用)isunderrepair.Driversarerequiredtotakesomeotherroutes.(mean)Pricesofdailygoods (通過(guò)電腦購(gòu)買的)canbelowerthanstoreprices.(buy)Aswejoinedthebigcrowd,I(和我的朋友分開了)myfriends.(separate)Don,tyouknowthegirl(穿紅裙子的女孩)？(dress)Thegirl(被車撞倒)wassenttohospitalimmediately.(knock)Idon,tknowthegirl (困在暴風(fēng)雪中).(catch)Mysisterisworkinginahospital (坐落在我們鎮(zhèn)).(locate)Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardto(保持就坐)astheplanewasmakingalanding.(seat)Herighthand(燒傷)inthatbigfire.(burn)Becarefulwhenyoucrossthisverybusystreet.Ifnot,youmay (被碾過(guò))byacar.(run)Mr.Smith,厭煩了無(wú)聊的演講)，startedtoreadanovel.(tire)TheOlympicGames,(最初舉辦)in776B.C.,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.(play)Hangzhou,(以西湖聞名全國(guó)),haschangedgreatly.(know)Thispackage(標(biāo)明了)nameanddate.(mark)Mostoftheartists(邀請(qǐng)參加晚會(huì))werefromSouthAfrica.(invite)Hetalkedtomelikea(關(guān)切的