清華水平I英語測試樣卷

PAGE28清華大學英語水平考試(I)考試大綱TsinghuaEnglishProficiencyTest(TEPT-1)清華大學外語系2002年1月

目錄清華大學英語水平考試(I)大綱……….2清華大學英語水平考試(I)樣題………...9

清華大學英語水平考試(I)試題內容及評分標準說明概述清華大學英語水平考試（I）是對清華大學英語基礎階段學習（本科生）的要求和目標管理模式。學生經過大學英語綜合課程的學習應在聽、說、讀、寫、譯方面達到本考試大綱所規(guī)定的要求。（1）考試的組成清華大學英語水平考試（I）由筆試和口試兩部分組成。筆試包括聽力、閱讀、語法詞匯和寫作?？谠囋诠P試通過的基礎上單獨進行。（2）筆試考試時間分配部分聽力閱讀詞匯語法寫作總計（分鐘）時間25502530130(3)分數(shù)比例部分(Section)分數(shù)（%）I.聽力20II.閱讀30III.詞匯語法20IV.寫作15V.口試15總計100(4)細則總表題型分值題號時間SectionIListeningComprehension20Points25minPart1Dialogues(MultipleChoiceQuestions)1*51-5Part2Passage(MultipleChoiceQuestions)1*56-10Part3Note-taking1*511-15Part4QuestionsandAnswers1*516-20SectionIIReadingComprehension30Points50minPart1MultipleChoiceQuestions1*1021-30Part2QuestionsandAnswers2*531-35*Part3Translation2*541-45SectionIIIVocabulary&Grammar20Points25minPart1MultipleChoiceQuestions0.5*2046-65Part2ErrorCorrection1*566-70Part3Cloze0.5*1071-80SectionIVWriting15Points30minSectionVSpeakingTest15PointsTotal100Points130min*36-40為空缺二.細則SectionI.聽力選材原則：a.對話部分為交際場合中的一段對話b.篇章聽力材料為題材熟悉的講話、敘述、解說等，包括科技、社會、文化等方面，但其所涉及的背景知識應為學生所理解。文章中不應有綱外詞。組成：樣式之一Part1Dialogues(MultipleChoiceQuestions)Part2Passage(MultipleChoiceQuestions)Part3Note-takingPart4QuestionsandAnswers長度：5段簡短對話。3篇長度大約在180-220詞左右的文章錄音速度：130-150詞/分鐘時間：25分鐘（包括答題時間）題量：共20題題型：3-5種分值：20超綱詞：無出題方法：這一部分由PartOne,PartTwo,PartThree及PartFour四部分組成，目的是測試學生獲取口頭信息的能力。其中PartOne及PartTwo兩部分為每次考試必考項目，PartThree,PartFour部分包括幾種題型，每次考試從中選取一種。PartOne,PartTwo部分念一遍，PartThree,PartFour部分念兩遍。PartThree,PartFour出題形式可為以下一種:a.在文中空白處寫出5個關鍵詞或5個短語。b.根據(jù)文章內容，完成5個句子。c.根據(jù)文章內容，用中文寫出其概要。SectionII．閱讀體裁：以議論文、敘述文、說明文為主。篇數(shù)：3(文章應有標題)長度：350詞左右閱讀速度：80詞/分鐘時間：50分鐘（包括閱讀時間和答題時間）題量：20題型：Part1MultipleChoiceQuestionsPart2QuestionsandAnswersPart3Translation分值：30超綱詞：每篇生詞數(shù)量不超過總詞量的3%，超綱的生詞加中文注釋。選材范圍：原版報刊、原版書籍、百科全書、設備說明書、國外站點的專題文章等。出題方法：時間分配比例：閱讀時間約為17分鐘，PartOne、PartTwo答題時間約為13分鐘，PartThree答題時間約為10分鐘。（前兩部分的閱讀時間與答題時間比為1:0.75。1÷1.75≈57%;0.75÷1.75≈43%;30m×57%≈17m;30m×43%≈13m。）閱讀量：約1050詞(應為17分鐘×80詞/分鐘=1360詞)。試題組成說明：a.第一部分為多項選擇題，共10題，每題1分；b.第二部分為簡答題或句子填空題，共10題，每題1分；c.第三部分為英譯漢，共5題，每題2分。5句英語句子應合計為100個英文單詞左右，即平均譯速為每分鐘5個英語單詞。共需約20分鐘。題眼的確定：閱讀理解題覆蓋如下內容:理解明確表達的概念或細節(jié)理解隱含表達的概念或細節(jié)辨別文章的中心思想理解作者的觀點和態(tài)度理解個別句子的意思理解上下文的邏輯關系理解文章的深層含義猜測詞和短語的意思通過查閱尋找某一信息SectionIII．詞匯語法題型：Part1MultipleChoiceQuestionsPart2ErrorCorrectionPart3Cloze試題內容說明：本部分由三部分組成。Part1為句子理解和詞語用法，共20題，其中一部分為填空題，要求學生根據(jù)句意、詞義、詞的用法，從每題四個選項中選出一個最佳答案填入空格，使句子意思完整。另外10題為尋找同義詞。每個句子中有一個劃線的詞或詞組，要求考生從四個選項中找出與劃線的詞或詞組意思最相近的詞或詞組。Part2為改錯，共5題，每題有一項語法錯誤或語言運用錯誤，要求學生在原句中劃出錯誤并將正確答案寫在給出的箭頭后面。Part3為完形填空，共5題。給出一篇200–250詞的短文，其中有5個空格?？忌韪鶕?jù)上下文的意思填入一個單詞，使句子和篇章的意思完整。篇數(shù)：25個句子及一篇短文長度：每句的字數(shù)一般在15-25詞之間。短文為200–250詞閱讀速度：50詞/分鐘時間：25分鐘（包括閱讀時間和答題時間）題量：30分值：Part10.5x20=10Part21x5=5Part31x5=5超綱詞：加中文注釋出題方法： Part1多項選擇：主要考察詞匯用法、搭配，同義詞辨析，形近義異詞區(qū)別等。所考詞匯或詞組均為大綱規(guī)定需要掌握的詞或詞組。選項內的詞不超綱。題干內超綱的生詞加中文注釋。Part2改錯部分：主要涉及各類常見的語法錯誤或用詞錯誤。Part3完形填空：完形填空題第一句不留空。(1)可能考固定搭配（在動詞短語、介詞或介詞短語、形容詞與介詞的搭配、名詞與介詞的搭配、動詞與名詞的搭配等中空出一個詞）與語境（根據(jù)上下文所設定的語意環(huán)境空出一個詞，個別題的答案可以就是上下文中的某個詞）。(2)也可能從第二句開始，每n個單詞留一空（n=(文章總字數(shù)–第一句字數(shù))÷11），如果空出的單詞確實難填，會前后稍作調整。SectionIV．寫作目的：評估學生在寫作過程中體現(xiàn)的產出能力或對語言知識運用的交際能力。題材：為人文社科，高等教育，科普常識等考生所熟悉的主題，避免偏重某一專業(yè)的主題。體裁：說明文、議論文或夾敘夾議文或應用文。內容：寫作測試的目的是評估學生的寫作運用能力，因而其測試內容不會給學生造成任何因不熟悉等因素所帶來的負面影響。形式：采用給出題目或主題的形式，但每一次的出題方式有所不同，以防考生局限于掌握單一的寫作形式。鑒于評估對象是具有一定大學英語水平的大學生，考試題型為體現(xiàn)對英語運用較高層次的形式如說明文或議論文，或應用文如書信等。具體出題方式包括：給出具體的題目、情景、圖片、表格或短文提示等。時間：30分鐘。字數(shù)：不少于150字。評分標準：評估按等級給出總分，具體標準如下：等級分數(shù)標準A13-15文章切題，論點論據(jù)明確充分，思路清晰，連貫性較好，用詞基本準確得體。文章中可有個別語法和拼寫錯誤，但不影響內容表達。B11-12文章切題，表達的內容或思想清楚，邏輯連貫性較強，語句基本流暢通順。文章中可有少量語法，用詞和拼寫錯誤。C8-10文章基本切題，大部分內容或思想能表達清楚，有基本的邏輯連貫性，語言錯誤明顯，且有一部分為較嚴重的錯誤。D5-7文章基本切題，但內容或思想表達不清楚，連貫性差，語法，用詞和拼寫存在較多的錯誤，且多為嚴重語言錯誤。E2-4文章在各方面都存在嚴重錯誤，條理不清，結構句子不完整，總的印象是根本沒有寫作能力。VI．口語本口試分兩節(jié)考查考生的口語交際能力，考試時間約6分鐘。每次口試采取口試教師和兩名考生的形式?？谠嚱處煵粎⑴c交談，只主持口試并評分?？荚嚥襟E節(jié)時間（分鐘）形式為考生提供的信息考查要點分數(shù)A2口試教師與考生對話口試教師提出的問題?回答詢問?提供個人信息15B4兩位考生討論或者根據(jù)情景對話信息卡（文字或圖片）?與他人交流?描述事物?闡述觀點或論證評分標準A:13-15說話速度正常，語法錯誤很少，用詞廣泛，語調自然，發(fā)音準確，交流自然、流利。B:10-12說話稍有停頓，基本句型表達準確，難句表達缺乏準確，詞匯量充足，語調較為自然，發(fā)音較為準確，帶有母語口音，但可以接受，交流沒有障礙。C:9（及格）說話有些停頓，基本句型比較準確，有一些語法錯誤，詞匯量勉強夠用，語調不自然，發(fā)音帶有明顯的地方口音，但基本上可以聽懂，交流基本沒有障礙。D:8分以下說話經常停頓，嚴重的語法錯誤導致表達困難，詞匯量十分有限，語音、語調很差以致交流困難。語法與詞匯語音與語調話語運用5?語法正確，句型多樣，但在運用復雜結構時會出現(xiàn)一些小錯。?用詞恰當、廣泛。?發(fā)音準確。?略帶有母語口音。?語調自然。?能夠恰當?shù)卣归_話題，且流暢連貫。?能夠自然、積極地參與交談，應答恰當。4?語法基本正確，句型較為多樣，但會出現(xiàn)一些不影響交際的錯誤。?用詞較為恰當，詞匯量充足，可以完成口語任務。?發(fā)音比較準確。?帶有母語口音，但話語易于理解。?語調比較自然。?能夠展開話題，基本連貫，但略有停頓。?能夠有意識地參與交談，但有時應答不十分恰當。3?有一些語法錯誤，有時會影響交際，句型缺乏多樣性。?用詞基本恰當，詞匯量有限，但勉強可以完成口語任務。?發(fā)音基本準確，但有一些錯誤，有時導致交際困難。?母語口音明顯，但多數(shù)話語易于理解。?語調不自然。?產出話語有限，時有停頓，但能勉強完成口語任務。?在交談中略顯被動，有時應答不十分恰當。2?有大量語法錯誤，句型極為單一，影響口語任務的完成。?用詞不恰當，詞匯量十分有限。?發(fā)音不準確，導致交際中斷。?母語口音造成交際中斷。?語調很差。?產出話語很少，不連貫，時常停頓。?基本上不能參與交談。

清華大學英語水平考試樣卷EnglishProficiencyTestofTsinghuaUniversity(TEPT-I)SectionIListeningComprehension(20points)PartOneMultipleChoiceQuestions(Dialogues)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhearfiveshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,athirdvoicewillaskaquestionaboutwhatwassaid.Thequestionwillbereadjustonce.MarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.1. A.She’llleaverightaway.B.She’lldrinkacupofcoffee.C.She’llmakeaphonecall.D.She’llkeeponwaiting.2. A.Theygotmarriedinachurchinthemountains.B.Theygotmarriedinachurchintheforest.C.Theypickedupabunchofrosesinthemountains.D.Theylosttheirwayintheforest.3. A.Hefelldowntothegroundwhilewalking.B.Hispartner’sparachutefellonhim.C.Hisparachutesdidn’topen.D.Hefelloutoftheplane.4. A.Inahotel.B.Inatelephonebooth.C.Inabank.D.Inadepartmentstore.5. A.Theyarestrangers.B.Theywereclosefriends.C.Theywereclassmates.D.Theyarecompetitors.PartTwoMultipleChoiceQuestions(Passage)Directions:Inthispart,youaregoingtohearashortpassage.Attheendofthepassage,youwillhearfivequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbereadjustonce.Afteryouhearonequestion,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.6. A.Heisinfavorofit.B.Heisagainstit.C.Heisindifferenttoit.D.Heisenthusiasticaboutit.7. A.Theywillbecomemucheasiertodiscoverthanbefore.B.Theywillbecomemuchmoredifficulttodiscoverthanbefore.C.Theywillcostmuchlesstodiscoverthanbefore.D.Theywillcostmuchmoretodiscoverthanbefore.8. A.sustainableB.unsupportableC.affordableD.unattainable9. A.Thedesiretolivealongerlife.B.Thedevelopmentofmoderntechnology.C.Thepublicizingofmedicalbreakthroughs.D.Themedicalknowledgewehaveacquired.10. A.Medicalresearchersshouldtrytohelppeoplelivealongerlife.B.Therearenolimitstowhatmedicaltechnologycanprovide.C.Modernmedicineshouldhaveafinalgoal.D.Asforpeople’shealth,weshouldaimformorerealisticgoals.PartThreeSpotDictationDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenitisreadforthesecondtime,fillintheblanks;youshouldwritedowntheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,checkwhatyouhavewritten.TheDepartmentofJapaneseStudieswasestablishedin1985attheUniversityofHongKong.InSeptember1999,morethan1,200students(11)______________________oftheUniversityappliedtoenrollinoneoftheJapaneselanguagecoursesofferedbytheDepartment.About200studentsmajorintheDepartment.WhyistheDepartmentsopopularamongstudents?ToHongKong,Japanesecompaniesareimportantinvestors,and,to(12)_______________________,theyarealsoimportantemployers.Japanesecompaniesofferjobstothousandsofnewuniversitygraduateseveryyear.UniversitygraduateshavecometounderstandthatknowledgeoftheJapaneselanguageisamustforthemtowininthe(13)________________________.TheDepartmentoffersJapaneselanguagecoursesfrombeginningtoadvancedlevel.Ofcourse,tomasterthelanguagealonecannot(14)_________________________.StudentswillhavetohaveagoodunderstandingofJapanesesocietyandculture.TheDepartmentoffersaseriesofcoursesonJapanesebusiness,education,Sino-Japaneserelations,andcontemporaryJapanesesocietyandculture.(15)________________________theseteachingcourses,theDepartmentalsoorganisesaseriesofexchangeprogramswithJapaneseuniversitiesforuptooneyearsothatstudentscanexperienceforthemselvestheeverydaylifeofJapanesepeople.PartFourQuestionsandAnswersDirections:Inthispart,youaregoingtohearapassage.Thepassagewillbereadtwice.Answerthequestionsasbrieflyaspossible.Putyouranswersinthecorrespondingspaceprovided.16.What’sthemaintopicofthetalk?17.Whatshouldprovidersofgoodsandservicesdoinaproactivesystem?18.Whatwillourlifestylebelikeinthefuture?19.What’stheshortcomingofe-mail?20.What’stheadvantageofvideoconferencing?~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~EndofSectionI~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

SectionIIReadingComprehension(30points)PartOneMultiple-ChoiceQuestions(10points)Directions:ReadthefollowingtwopassagesandchoosethebestanswerfromamongA,B,C,andD.MarkthecorrespondingletterinyourAnswerSheet.Passage1Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecisionandonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecisionintheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers(戰(zhàn)術策略).Theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermed“intuition”tomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmanagersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuseforinconsistency.Isenberg’srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers’intuitionisneitherofthese.Rather,seniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinctways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-onexperiencethatbuildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninan“Aha!”experience.Fourth,somemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.Mostseniorexecutivesarefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,andthosewhousesuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallysuspiciousofsolutionssuggestedbythesemethodswhichruncountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourseofaction.Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depthanalysisandmoverapidlytoengender(產生)aplausiblesolution.Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizesfamiliarpatterns.Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthat“thinking”isinseparablefromacting.Sincemanagersoften“know”whatisrightbeforetheycananalyzeandexplainit,theyfrequentlyactfirstandexplainlater.Analysisisinseparabletiedtoactioninthinking/actingcycles,inwhichmanagersdevelopthoughtsabouttheircompaniesandorganizationsnotbyanalyzingaproblematicsituationandthenacting,butbyactingandanalyzingincloseconcert(諧調).Giventhegreatuncertaintyofmanyofthemanagementissuesthattheyface,seniormanagersoftenstartacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopmorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue.Oneimplicationofthinking/actingcyclesisthatactionisoftenpartofdefiningtheproblem,notjustofimplementingthesolution.Questions21-25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustread.21.Accordingtothepassage,seniormanagersdoNOTuseintuitioninwhichofthefollowingways?A.Speedupthecreationofasolutiontoaproblem.B.Identifyaproblem.C.Bringtogetherdifferentfacts.D.Clarifygoals.22.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthe“writersonmanagement”mentionedinparagraph2______.A.havecriticizedmanagersfornotfollowingtheclassicalrationalmodelofdecisionanalysisB.havenotbasedtheiranalysesonasufficientlylargesampleofactualmanagersC.havereliedindrawingtheirconclusionsonwhatmanagerssayratherthanonwhatmanagersdoD.havemisunderstoodhowmanagersuseintuitioninmakingbusinessdecisions23.Whichofthefollowingbestexemplifies“an‘Aha!’experience”(paragraph3)asitispresentedinthepassage?A.Amanagerriskstakinganactionwhoseoutcomeisunpredictabletodiscoverwhethertheactionchangestheproblemathand.B.Amanagerperformswell-learnedandfamiliarbehaviorpatternsincreativeanduncharacteristicwaystosolveaproblem.C.Amanagersuddenlyconnectsseeminglyunrelatedfactsandexperiencestocreateapatternrelevanttotheproblemathand.D.Amanagerrapidlyidentifiesthemethodologyusedtocompiledatayieldedbysystematicanalysis.24.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTincludedintheclassicalmodelofdecisionanalysis?A.Evaluationofaproblem.B.Creationofpossiblesolutionstoaproblem.C.Establishmentofcleargoalstobereachedbythedecision.D.Actiontakentodiscovermorefactsaboutaproblem.25.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybeonemajordifferenceinbehaviorbetweenManagerX,whousesintuitiontoreachdecisions,andManagerY,whousesonlyformaldecisionanalysis?A.ManagerXanalyzesfirstandthenacts;ManagerYdoesnot.B.ManagerXcheckspossiblesolutionstoaproblembysystematicanalysis;ManagerYdoesnot.C.ManagerXtakesactioninordertoarriveatthesolutiontoaproblem;ManagerYdoesnot.D.ManagerYtakesactionincreatingasolutiontoaproblem;ManagerXdoesnot.Passage2Musiceverywhereisusedtoaccompanyotheractivities.Itis,forexample,universallyassociatedwithdance.Althoughwordsarenotfoundinsingingeverywhere,theassociationofmusicandpoetryissoclosethatlanguageandmusicarewidelybelievedtohavehadacommonorigininearlyhumanhistory.Musiciscreatedbyindividuals,usingatraditionalvocabularyofmusicalelements.Incomposition,theprincipalcreativeactinmusic,somethingthatisconsiderednew,isproducedbycombiningthemusicalelementsthatagivensocietyrecognizesasasystem.Innovationasacriterion(標準)ofgoodcomposingisimportantinWesternculture,lesssoincertainothersocieties.InWesternmusic,compositionisnormallycarriedoutwiththehelpofnotation(樂譜);butinmuchpopularmusic,andparticularlyinfolk,tribal,andmostnon-Westerncultures,compositionisdoneinthemindofthecomposer,whomaysingoruseaninstrumentasanaid.Creativeactsinmusicalsoincludeimprovisation,orthecreationofnewmusicinthecourseofperformance.Improvisationusuallytakesplaceonthebasisofsomepreviouslydeterminedstructure,suchasatoneoragroupofchords;oritoccurswithinasetoftraditionalrules,asintheragasofIndiaorthemaqamsoftheMiddleEast.Musichasalwaysbeenanexpressionofouruniversalhopesandfears.Perhapstheoldestandpurestformofthisexpressionoccursinfolkmusic.Itisanunwrittenrecordofthebeliefsandattitudesofaculture,passedonbywordsofmouth.Inasophisticatedculture,musicisusuallywrittendownanddoesnothavetobeperformedtoberemembered.Itmayberediscoveredafteritscomposerhasdied.Butinasocietythatlacksawrittenhistory,musicmustbepasseddirectlyfromonegenerationtothenext.Thesongswhichsurviveareprobablythepeople’sfavorites.Ofcourse,afolksongwhichweheartodayisnotexactlythesameastheoneourancestorsheard.Ithaschangedthroughinterpretationsofsuccessivegenerations.Eachculturedevelopsitsownsongswhichtelltalesofheroicleaders,gloriousbattles,andlove.Oneculturemayadoptandchangesongsfromanotherculture.Forexample,atunemayappearasaballadinGermanoraChristmascarol(圣誕頌歌)inPoland.Itisunlikelythatthesametunedevelopedindependentlyineachcountry.Rather,thepeopleinaborderregionprobablytaughtittotheirfriendsnearby.Orperhapsitwastransferredfromareabywanderingsingers.Ifthepeopleinanothercountrylikethemelodyofasongbutnotthewords,theywilloftenadoptthetuneandreplacetheoriginalwordsorstorywithsomethingmoresuitable.Questions26-30arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustread.26.Folksongshavebeenpreservedmainlythrough__________________.recordsmemorywritingbeliefsandattitudesThesongswhicharepassedfromgenerationtogenerationare_______________.theonespeopleprefertheoneswithnewinterpretationstheonesthathavenotchangedtheonesthathavenicemusicThesamesongoftenexistsinmanycountriesbecause__________________.eachculturedevelopsitsownsongsaboutheroicleaders,gloriousbattles,andloveitwastransferredbysingersandpeoplelivinginborderregionsitdevelopedindependentlyineachplacepeoplelikeitPeopleinonecountryoftenchangethewordsofasongbecause________________.theydon’tlikethetunetheoriginalwordsaresuitabletheylikethemelodybutnotthewordstheyliketodocreatenewmusicAcomposeris________________________.awanderingsingerapersonwhowritesmusicanancestorwhoisinterestedinpoetryapersonwhowritesthehistoryofmusicPartTwo QuestionsandAnswers(10points)Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagesandanswerthequestionsasbrieflyaspossibleinEnglish.Putyouranswersinthespaceprovided.Passage3Howcanaddingsoundmakeasystemquieter?Itmayseemcounter-intuitivetosaythataddingmoresoundtoasystemcanreducenoiselevels,butthemethodcananddoeswork.Activenoisecontroloccursbyone,orsometimesboth,oftwophysicalmechanisms:“destructiveinterference”and“impedance(阻抗)coupling(藕合)”.Hereishowtheywork:Ononehand,youcansaythatthecontrolsystemcreatesaninverseor“anti-noise”fieldthat“cancels”thedisturbancesoundfield.Thisworksbytheprincipleofdestructiveinterference.Asoundwaveisamovingseriesofcompressions(highpressure)andrarefactions(lowpressure).Ifthehigh-pressurepartofonewavelinesupwiththelow-pressureofanotherwave,thetwowavesinterferedestructivelyandthereisnomorepressurefluctuation(nomoresound).Notethatthematchingmustoccurinbothspaceandtime—atrickyproblemindeed.Ontheotherhand,youcansaythatthecontrolsystemchangesthewaythesystem“l(fā)ooks”tothedisturbance,i.e.,changesitsinputimpedance.Considerthefollowingcomparison:Pictureaspring-loadeddoor,onethatopensafewcentimeterswhenyoupushonitbutswingsshutwhenyoustoppushing.Apersonontheothersideisrepeatedlypushingonthedoorsothatitrepeatedlyopensandclosesatalowfrequency,say,twicepersecond.Nowsupposethatwhenevertheotherpersonpushesonthedoor,youpushbackjustashard.Yourmusclesareheatingupfromtheexertionofpushingonthedoor,buttheendresultisthatthedoormovesless.Youcouldsaythatthedooropensandthatyou“anti-open”itto“cancel”theopening.Butthatwouldn’tbeveryrealistic;atleast,youwouldnotactuallyseethedooropeningandanti-opening.Youwouldbemoreaccuratetosaythatyouchangethe“inputimpedance”seenontheothersideofthedoor:whentheotherpersonpushes,thedoorjustdoesn’topen.(Thespring-loadeddoorissupposedtorepresentthespringeffectofcompressingairinasoundwave.Thisisnotaperfectcomparison,butithelpsillustrateimpedancecoupling.)Insomecases,destructiveinterferenceandimpedancecouplingcanbetwosidesofthesamecoin;inothercasesdestructiveinterferenceoccurswithoutimpedancecoupling.Thedifferenceisrelatedtowhethertheacousticwaves(聲波)decaywithdistancetraveled:Soundfromaspeakerhanginginthemiddleofastadiumdecays(islessloud)atadistancebecauseof“sphericalspreading.”Thesoundenergyisspreadoutoveranincreasinglylargeareaasyougetfartheraway.Gofarenoughawayand,forallintentsandpurposes,thesounddecayscompletelydowntonothing.Ontheotherhand,soundina“waveguide”suchasaduct（管子）cantravellongdistanceswithoutsignificantdecay.Questions36-40arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustread.36.Whatseemscontrarytopeople’sexpectation?___________________________________________________________________37.Bywhatprincipledoesthecontrolsystemwork?___________________________________________________________________38.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphaimtoexplain?___________________________________________________________________39.Whatdoes“sphericalspreading”refertoinPar.3?___________________________________________________________________40.Howcansoundtravellongdistances?___________________________________________________________________PartThreeTranslation(10points)Directions:Translatethefollowingsentences(underlineinthepassages)intoChinese.Putyouranswersinthespaceprovided.41.Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmanagersrelyheavilyonintuition.___________________________________________________________________42.Innovationasacriterion(標準)ofgoodcomposingisimportantinWesternculture,lesssoincertainothersocieties.___________________________________________________________________43.Ithaschangedthroughinterpretationsofsuccessivegenerations.___________________________________________________________________44.Notethatthematchingmustoccurinbothspaceandtime—atrickyproblemindeed.___________________________________________________________________45.Thesoundenergyisspreadoutoveranincreasinglylargeareaasyougetfartheraway.___________________________________________________________________~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~EndofSectionII~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~SectionIIIVocabulary&Grammar（25points）PartOneMultiple-ChoiceQuestions(10points)Directions:ChoosetheanswerfromamongA,B,C,andDthatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingsentences.MarkthecorrespondingletterinyourANSWERSHEET.Unwillingashewas,hehadto__________athoroughbodysearchattheairport.A.complyto B.submitto C.conformto D.assenttoHisachievementsinartshould______________hispersistenceandhardwork.A.beattributedto B.beassignedtoC.beappliedto D.bedistributedtoTheyknewthathungerwouldeventually_________thegrizzly（灰熊〕towakeup.A.repel B.expel C.eject D.compelForhisbrilliantresearchintothestructureofprotons（質子）,hewas___________theNobelPrizeinphysics.A.received B.awarded C.admitted D.acknowledgedThenewdictionarywouldbepublishedinthree______:asalargepaperback,asahardcoverbook,andasaCD-ROM.A.styles B.functions C.formats D.methodsThelorrydriversareonstrikeagain.Mindyou,theygetpaidsobadlythatit's___________.A.understandable B.extensive C.comprehensive D.appreciableGeorge’s__________ofsolvingpracticalproblemswasacquiredthroughexperience.A.ability B.able C.capability D.capableItishardto_________John__________Billbecausethey'retwins.A.distinguish…from B.tell…apart C.differ…between D.contrast…fromItwillbeapityifwehavetoaskhertoleave,butitlooks___________wemayhaveto.A.eventhough B.as C.asthough D.ifThestrongestargument,_________,isthenation'seconomicandpoliticaldependenceontheUnitedStates.A.though B.although C.evenso D.eventhoughTakeJohn’saddresswithyou____________youhavetimetoseehimwhenyou'reinShanghai.A.if B.once C.incase D.inthatAtthestartofeverynewyear,we_____________betterthanweweretheyearbefore.A.resolvetobecome B.resolvebecoming C.dissolvetobecome D.dissolvebecomingIwouldhavereachedhomeanhourago__________thestorm.A.butfor B.exceptfor C.anythingbut D.ifnotSenatorsandcabinetmemberswerecalledintodiscusshowto__________thePresident'snewforeignpolicy.A.complement B.implement C.complete D.implyThereisnodoubtthatthemeaningsofthewordsinquestioncanbe______bythefollowingstatements.A.illustrated B.reportedC.stated D.translatedAfteraslowsalesstartearlyintheyear,mobilehomeshavebeengainingfavoras______toincreasinglyexpensiveconventionalhousing.A.areaction B.analternativeC.anintroduction D.achallengeIncidentsofthiskindwillcontinueaslongassportisplayed______ratherthanfortheloveofthegame.A.peacefully B.fairlyC.competitively D.competently勝任的，適合的Shewastoo_____andfriendlyandkindtosayanythingaboutwhyshewasleaving,butwecouldtell.A.considerable B.considerateC.considered D.consideringMarycalledataxiandasked,“Howmuchwouldyou______fordrivingmetotheschool?”A.calculate B.chargeC.pay D.costThegovernmentofadevelopedcountrymaywellprefertoseeaslowlyincreasingpopulation,ratherthanonewhichisstableoronthe______.A.decrease B.moveC.increase D.changePartTwoErrorCorrection(5points)Directions:Findthemistakesinthefollowingsentencesandcorrectthem.Thereisonlyonemistakeineachsentence.Themistakemightinvolveseveralwords.Althoughthereceptionoftheirplanswereenthusiastic,itwasmonthsbeforeanythingwasdoneaboutit.→Pleasesendmyregardtoyourparents.Theyhavealwaysbeenkindtome.→Itwasnotuntiltheconcertwasoverwhenhesawherinthecrowd.→AlthoughcultivatedintheNewWorldforhundredsofyears,onlywithinthelastcenturythetomatohasbecomerecognizedasavaluablefood.→Anthropologists