六級(jí)英語(yǔ)大綱樣卷

Part (30Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingontheremark“Earthprovidesenoughtosatisfyeveryman’sneed,butnoteveryman’sgreed.”Youcanciteexamplestoillustrateyourpoint.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.WriteyouressayonAnswerSheet1.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答Part Listening (30SectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthe注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答A)ThemanhappenedtoseeAnnafallonherTheseriousaccidentmayleaveAnnaThedoctor’stherapyhasbeenveryTheinjurywillconfineAnnatobedforquiteaA)GivehiscontributionsometimeBorrowsomemoneyfromtheBuyanexpensivegiftforTakeupacollectionnextA)AddmorefruitsandvegetablestoherAskTonytoconveythankstohisTellTony’smotherthatsheeatsnoDeclinetheinvitationasearlyasA)ShephonedFredabouttheShewaslatefortheSheranintoFredonherwaySheoftenkeepsotherpeopleA)SimplyraisetheissueintheirFindmorerelevantinformationfortheirPutmoreeffortintopreparingfortheJustmakeuseofwhateverinformationisA)HeneedsavehicletobeusedinharshHehasafairlylargecollectionofqualityHehashadhistruckadaptedforcoldHedoesroutinetruckmaintenancefortheA)VisitadifferentstoreforasilkorcottonGetadiscountontheshirtsheisgoingtoLookforashirtofamoresuitablecolorandReplacetheshirtwithoneofsomeotherA)NotmanypeoplehavereadhisHeregretshavingpublishedtheMostreadersdonotsharehisThewomanisonlytryingtoconsoleQuestions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)TotesthowresponsivedolphinsaretovariousToexaminehowlongittakesdolphinstoacquireaToseeifdolphinscanlearntocommunicatewitheachTofindoutifthefemaledolphinisclevererthanthemaleA)Presstheright-handlever C)RaisetheirheadsabovetheProducetheappropriate D)SwimstraightintothesameA)BothdolphinswereputinthesameThemaledolphinreceivedmoreTheleverwasbeyondthedolphins’OnlyonedolphinwasabletoseetheQuestions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)Goodorbad,theyaretheretoBelieveitornot,theyhaveLikeitornot,youhavetouseGainorlose,theyshouldbeA)Thefrequenttrain C)ThefoodsoldontheThemonopolyofBritish D)ThehightrainticketA)CompetitionfromothermodesofThelowefficiencyoftheirConstantcomplaintsfromThepassingofthenewtransportA)Theywillbede- C)TheyarefastTheylosealotof D)TheyprovideworseSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethe注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答PassageQuestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)IcedcoffeessoldbysomepopularchainsareSomeicedcoffeeshaveasmanycaloriesasahotSomebrand-namecoffeescontainharmfulDrinkingcoffeeafteramealismorelikelytocauseA)Havesomefresh C)ExerciseattheTakeahot D)EatahotA)TheycouldenjoyahappierfamilyTheycouldgreatlyimprovetheirworkManyembarrassingsituationscouldbeManycancercasescouldbePassageQuestions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)IthasattractedworldwideItwillchangetheconceptofItcanhelpsolveglobalfoodItwillbecomepopularA)ItcomesregularlyfromitsIthasbeendrasticallycutbyIthasbeenincreasedovertheItisstillfarfrombeingA)TheyarelesshealthythanweTheyarenotasnaturalasweTheyarenotasexpensiveasTheyaremorenutritiousandPassageQuestions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)WritingarticlesonfamilyHuntingnewsforthedailyReportingcriminaloffensesinCoveringmajoreventsofthedayintheA)IthasfewerviolentcrimesthanbigItisamuchsaferplacethanitusedtoAssaultsoftenhappenonschoolRapesrarelyoccurinthedowntownA)TheyareveryThereareawiderangeofTherehasbeenariseinsuchTheyhavearousedfearamongtheA)OfferhelptocrimeWorkasanewspaperWriteaboutsomethingDosomeresearchonlocalSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhave注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答GeorgeHerbertMeadsaidthathumansaretalkedintohumanity.Hemeantthatwegainpersonalidentityaswecommunicatewithothers.Intheearliestyearsofourlives,ourparentstelluswhoweare.“You’re26.”“You’resostrong.”Wefirstseeourselvesthroughtheeyesofothers,sotheirmessagesformimportant27ofourself-concepts.Laterweinteractwithteachers,friends,28partners,andco-workerswhocommunicatetheirviewsofus.Thus,howweseeourselvesreflectstheviewsofusthatotherscommunicate.The29connectionbetweenidentityandcommunicationisdramaticallyevidentinchildrenwho30humancontact.Casestudiesofchildrenwhowereisolatedfromothersrevealthattheylackafirmself-concept,andtheirmentalandpsychologicaldevelopmentisseverelyhinderedbylackoflanguage.Communicationwithothersnotonlyaffectsoursenseofidentitybutalsodirectlyinfluencesourphysicalandemotional31.Consistently,researchshowsthatcommunicatingwithotherspromoteshealth,whereassocialisolation32stress,disease,andearlydeath.Peoplewholackclosefriendshavegreaterlevelsofanxietyanddepressionthanpeoplewhoareclosetoothers.Agroupofresearchersreviewed33studiesthattracedtherelationshipbetweenhealthandinteractionwithothers.Theconclusionwasthatsocialisolationis34asdangerousashighbloodpressure,smokingandobesity.Manydoctorsandresearchersbelievethatlonelinessharmstheimmunesystem,makingusmore35toarangeofminorandmajor SectionDirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.markthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2asinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingTounderstandwhyweshouldbeconcernedabouthowyoungpeopleread,ithelpstoknowsomethingaboutthewaytheabilitytoreadevolved.Unliketheabilitytounderstandandproducespokenlanguage,theabilitytoreadmustbe36byeachindividual.The“readingcircuits”weconstructinthebraincan37ortheycanberobust,dependingonhowoftenandhow38weuseThedeepreaderentersastateofhypnotictrance(心醉神迷的狀態(tài)).Whenreadersareenjoyingtheexperiencethemost,thepaceoftheirreading39slows.Thecombinationoffast,fluentdecodingofwordsandslow,unhurriedprogressonthepagegivesdeepreaderstimetoenrichtheirreadingwithreflectionandanalysis.Itgivesthemtimetoestablishan40relationshipwiththeauthor,thetwoof41inalongandwarmconversationlikepeoplefallinginThisisnotreadingasmanyyoungpeopleknowit.Theirreadingisinstrumental:thedifferencebetweenwhatliterarycriticFrankKermodecalls“carnal(肉體的)reading”and“spiritualreading.”Ifweallowouroffspringtobelievecarnalreadingisallthereis—ifwedon’topenthedoortospiritualreading,throughanearly42ondisciplineandpractice—wewillhave43themofanenjoyableexperiencetheywouldnototherwiseencounter.Observingyoungpeople’s44todigitaldevices,someprogressiveeducatorstalkabout“meetingkidswheretheyare,”moldinginstructionaroundtheironscreenhabits.Thisismistaken.We45 ,toshowthemsomeplacethey’veneverbeen,aplaceonlydeepreadingcantakethem.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答Section

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.IntotheTheworldhasneverseenpopulationageingbefore.CanitUntiltheearly1990snobodymuchthoughtaboutwholepopulationsgettingolder.TheUNhadtheforesighttoconvenea“worldassemblyonageing”backin1982,butthatcameandwent.By1994theWorldBankhadnoticedthatsomethingbigwashappening.Inareportentitled“AvertingtheOldAgeCrisis”,itarguedthatpensionarrangementsinmostcountrieswereunsustainable.Forthenexttenyearsasuccessionofbooks,mainlybyAmericans,soundedthealarm.TheyhadtitleslikeYoungvsOld,GrayDawnandTheComingGenerationalStorm,andtheirmessagewasblunt:health-caresystemswereheadingfortherocks,pensionersweretakingyoungpeopletothecleaners,andsoontherewouldbeintergenerationalwarfare.Sincethenthedebatehasbecomelessemotional,notleastbecausealotmoreisknownaboutthesubject.Books,conferencesandresearchpapershavemultiplied.InternationalorganisationssuchastheOECDandtheEUissueregularreports.Populationageingisoneveryagenda,fromG8economicconferencestoNATOsummits.TheWorldEconomicForumplanstoconsiderthefutureofpensionsandhealthcareatitsprestigiousDavosconferenceearlynextyear.Themedia,includingthisnewspaper,aregivingthesubjectextensivecoverage.Whetherallthatattentionhastranslatedintosufficientactionisanotherquestion.Governmentsinrichcountriesnowacceptthattheirpensionandhealth-carepromiseswillsoonbecomeunaffordable,andmanyofthemhaveembarkedonreforms,butsofaronlytimidly.Thatisnotsurprising:politicianswithaneyeonthenextelectionwillhardlyrushtointroduceunpopularmeasuresthatmaynotbearfruitforyears,perhapsdecades.Theoutlineofthechangesneededisclear.Toavoidfiscal(財(cái)政的)meltdown,publicpensionsandhealth-careprovisionwillhavetobereinedbackseverelyandtaxesmayhavetogoup.Byfarthemosteffectivemethodtorestrainpensionspendingistogivepeopletheopportunitytoworklonger,becauseitincreasestaxrevenuesandreducesspendingonpensionsatthesametime.Itmayevenkeepthemalivelonger.JohnRother,theAARP’sheadofpolicyandstrategy,pointstostudiesshowingthatotherthingsbeingequal,peoplewhoremainatworkhavelowerdeathratesthantheirretiredpeers.Youngerpeopletodaymostlyacceptthattheywillhavetoworkforlongerandthattheirpensionswillbelessgenerous.Employersstillneedtobepersuadedthatolderworkersareworthholdingonto.Thatmaybebecausetheyhavehadplentyofyoungeronestochoosefrom,partlythankstothepost-warbaby-boomandpartlybecauseoverthepastfewdecadesmanymorewomenhaveenteredthelabourforce,increasingemployers’choice.Butthereservoirofwomenableandwillingtotakeuppaidworkisrunninglow,andthebaby-boomersaregoinggrey.Inmanycountriesimmigrantshavebeenfillingsuchgapsinthelabourforceashavealreadyemerged(andrememberthattherealshortageisstillaroundtenyearsoff).Immigrationinthedevelopedworldisthehighestithaseverbeen,anditismakingausefuldifference.Instill-fertileAmericaitcurrentlyaccountsforabout40%oftotalpopulationgrowth,andinfast-ageingwesternEuropeforabout90%.Onthefaceofit,itseemstheperfectsolution.Manydevelopingcountrieshavelotsofyoungpeopleinneedofjobs;manyrichcountriesneedhelpinghandsthatwillboosttaxrevenuesandkeepupeconomicgrowth.Butoverthenextfewdecadeslabourforcesinrichcountriesaresettoshrinksomuchthatinflowsofimmigrantswouldhavetoincreaseenormouslytocompensate:toatleasttwicetheircurrentsizeinwesternEurope’smostyouthfulcountries,andthreetimesintheolderones.Japanwouldneedalargemultipleofthefewimmigrantsithasatpresent.Publicopinionpollsshowthatpeopleinmostrichcountriesalreadythinkthatimmigrationistoohigh.Furtherbigincreaseswouldbepoliticallyunfeasible.Totackletheproblemofageingpopulationsatitsroot,“old”countrieswouldhavetorejuvenate(使年輕)themselvesbyhavingmoreoftheirownchildren.Anumberofthemhavetried,somemoresuccessfullythanothers.Butitisnotasimplematterofofferingfinancialincentivesorprovidingmorechildcare.Modernurbanlifeinrichcountriesisnotwelladaptedtolargefamilies.Womenfindithardtocombinefamilyandcareer.Theyoftencompromisebyhavingjustonechild.Andiffertilityinageingcountriesdoesnotpickup?Itwillnotbetheendoftheworld,atleastnotforquiteawhileyet,buttheworldwillslowlybecomeadifferentplace.Oldersocietiesmaybelessinnovativeandmorestronglydisinclinedtotakerisksthanyoungerones.By2025atthelatest,abouthalfthevotersinAmericaandmostofthoseinwesternEuropeancountrieswillbeover50—andolderpeopleturnouttovoteinmuchgreaternumbersthanyoungerones.Academicstudieshavefoundnoevidencesofarthatoldervotershaveusedtheirpowerattheballotboxtopushforpoliciesthatspecificallybenefitthem,thoughifinfuturetherearemanymoreofthemtheymightstartdoingso.Noristhereanysignoftheintergenerationalwarfarepredictedinthe1990s.Afterall,olderpeoplethemselvesmostlyhavefamilies.Inarecentstudyofparentsandgrown-upchildrenin11Europeancountries,KarstenHankofMannheimUniversityfoundthat85%ofthemlivedwithin25kmofeachotherandthemajorityofthemwereintouchatleastonceaweek.Evenso,theshiftinthecentreofgravitytoolderagegroupsisboundtohaveaprofoundeffectonsocieties,notjusteconomicallyandpoliticallybutinallsortsofotherwaystoo.RichardJacksonandNeilHoweofAmerica’sCSIS,inathoughtfulbookcalledTheGrayingoftheGreatPowers,arguethat,amongotherthings,theageingofthedevelopedcountrieswillhaveanumberofserioussecurityimplications.Forexample,theshortageofyoungadultsislikelytomakecountriesmorereluctanttocommitthefewtheyhavetomilitaryservice.Inthedecadesto2050,Americawillfinditselfplayinganever-increasingroleinthedevelopedworld’sdefenceeffort.BecauseAmerica’spopulationwillstillbegrowingwhenthatofmostotherdevelopedcountriesisshrinking,Americawillbetheonlydevelopedcountrythatstillmattersgeopolitically(地緣政治上).AskmeinThereislittlethatcanbedonetostoppopulationageing,sotheworldwillhavetolivewithit.Butsomeoftheconsequencescanbealleviated.Manyexpertsnowbelievethatgiventherightpolicies,theeffects,thoughgrave,neednotbecatastrophic.Mostcountrieshaverecognisedtheneedtodosomethingandarebeginningtoact.Buteventhenthereisnoguaranteethattheireffortswillwork.Whatishappeningnowishistoricallyunprecedented.RonaldLee,directoroftheCentreontheEconomicsandDemographyofAgeingattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,putsitbrieflyandclearly:“Wedon’treallyknowwhatpopulationageingwillbelike,becausenobodyhasdoneityet.”注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答EmployersshouldrealiseitisimportanttokeepolderworkersintheArecentstudyfoundthatmostoldpeopleinsomeEuropeancountrieshadregularweeklycontactwiththeiradultchildren.Fewgovernmentsinrichcountrieshavelaunchedboldreformstotackletheproblemofpopulationageing.Inareportpublishedsome20yearsago,thesustainabilityofold-agepensionsystemsinmostcountrieswascalledintodoubt.CountriesthathaveashortageofyoungadultswillbelesswillingtosendthemtoOne-childfamiliesaremorecommoninageingsocietiesduetothestressofurbanlifeandthedifficultiesofbalancingfamilyandcareer.Aseriesofbooks,mostlyauthoredbyAmericans,warnedofconflictsbetweentheolderandyoungergenerations.Comparedwithyoungerones,oldersocietiestendtobelessinnovativeandtakefewerrisks.ThebestsolutiontothepensioncrisisistopostponetheretirementImmigrationasameanstoboosttheshrinkinglabourforcemaymeetwithresistanceinsomerichcountries.SectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearechoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingFormostofthe20thcentury,Asiaaskeditselfwhatitcouldlearnfromthemodern,innovatingWest.Nowthequestionmustbereversed:whatcantheWest’soverlyindebtedandsluggish(經(jīng)濟(jì)滯長(zhǎng)的)nationslearnfromaflourishingAsia?Justafewdecadesago,Asia’stwogiantswerestagnating(停滯不前)faultyeconomicideologies.However,onceChinabeganembracingfree-marketreformsinthe1980s,followedbyIndiainthe1990s,bothcountriesachievedrapidgrowth.Crucially,astheyopeneduptheirmarkets,theybalancedmarketeconomywithsensiblegovernmentdirection.AstheIndianeconomistAmartyaSenhaswiselysaid,“TheinvisiblehandofthemarkethasoftenreliedheavilyonthevisiblehandofContrastthismiddlepathwithAmericaandEurope,whichhaveeachgoneideologicallyoverboardintheirownways.Sincethe1980s,Americahasbeenincreasinglyclingingtotheideologyofuncontrolledfreemarketsanddismissingtheroleofgovernment—followingRonaldReagan’sideathat“governmentisnotthesolutiontoourproblem;governmentistheproblem.”O(jiān)fcourse,whenthemarketscamecrashingdownin2007,itwasdecisivegovernmentinterventionthatsavedtheday.Despitethisfact,manyAmericansarestillstronglyopposedto“bigIfAmericanscouldonlyfreethemselvesfromtheirantigovernmentdoctrine,theywouldbegintoseethatAmerica’sproblemsarenotinsoluble.Afewsensiblefederalmeasurescouldputthecountrybackontherightpath.Asimpleconsumptiontaxof,say,5%wouldsignificantlyreducethecountry’shugegovernmentdeficitwithoutdamagingproductivity.AsmallgasolinetaxwouldhelpfreeAmericafromitsdependenceonoilimportsandcreateincentivesforgreenenergydevelopment.Inthesameway,asignificantreductionofwastefulagriculturalsubsidiescouldalsolowerthedeficit.Butinordertotakeadvantageofthesecommon-sensesolutions,Americanswillhavetoputasidetheirownattachmenttotheideaofsmallergovernmentandlessregulation.AmericanpoliticianswillhavetodevelopthecouragetofollowwhatistaughtinallAmericanpublic-policyschools:thattherearegoodtaxesandbadtaxes.Asiancountrieshaveembracedthiswisdom,andhavebuiltsoundlong-termfiscal(財(cái)政的)policiesasaresult.Meanwhile,Europehasfallenpreytoadifferentideologicaltrap:thebeliefEuropeangovernmentswouldalwayshaveinfiniteresourcesandcouldborrowingasiftherewerenotomorrow.UnliketheAmericans,whofeltthatthemarketsknewbest,theEuropeansfailedtoanticipatehowthemarketswouldreacttotheirendlessborrowing.Today,theEuropeanUnioniscreatinga$580billionfundtowardoffsovereigncollapse.ThiswillbuytheEUtime,butitwillnotsolvethebloc’slargerproblem.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答WhathascontributedtotherapideconomicgrowthinChinaandFreemarketplusgovernmentHeavyrelianceonthehandofCopyingwestern-styleeconomicTimelyreformofgovernmentatallWhatdoesRonaldReaganmeanbysaying“governmentistheproblem”(Line5,Para.3)?GovernmentactioniskeytosolvingeconomicManysocialproblemsarisefromgovernmentManysocialillsarecausedbywronggovernmentGovernmentregulationhinderseconomicWhatstoppedtheAmericaneconomyfromcollapsinginCooperationbetweenthegovernmentandSelf-regulatoryrepairmechanismsofthefreeEffectivemeasuresadoptedbytheAbandonmentofbiggovernmentbytheWhatistheauthor’ssuggestiontotheAmericanpublicinfaceofthegovernmentTheygiveuptheideaofsmallergovernmentandlessTheyputupwiththeinevitablesharpincreaseofdifferentTheyurgethegovernmenttoreviseitsexistingpublicTheydevelopgreenenergytoavoiddependenceonoilWhatistheproblemwiththeEuropeanConservative C)LackofExcessive D)ShrinkingPassageQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingPictureatypicalMBAlecturetheatretwentyyearsago.Initthemajorityofstudentswillhaveconformedtothestandardmodelofthetime:male,middleclassandWestern.Walkintoaclasstoday,however,andyou’llgetacompletelydifferentimpression.Forastart,youwillnowseeplentymorewomen—theUniversityofPennsylvania’sWhartonSchool,forexample,boaststhat40%ofitsnewenrolmentisfemale.Youwillalsoseeawiderangeofethnicgroupsandnationalsofpracticallyeverycountry.Itmightbetempting,therefore,tothinkthattheoldbarriershavebeenbrokendownandequalopportunityachieved.But,increasingly,thisapparentdiversityisbecomingamaskforanewtypeofconformity.Behindthedifferencesinsex,skintonesandmothertongues,therearecommonattitudes,expectationsandambitionswhichriskcreatingasetofclonesamongthebusinessleadersofthefuture.Diversity,itseems,hasnothelpedtoaddressfundamentalweaknessesinbusinessleadership.Sowhatcanbedonetocreatemoreeffectivemanagersofthecommercialworld?AccordingtoValerieGauthier,associatedeanatHECParis,thekeyliesintheprocessbywhichMBAprogrammesrecruittheirstudents.Atthemomentcandidatesareselectedonafairlynarrowsetofcriteriasuchasprioracademicandcareerperformance,andanalyticalandproblemsolvingabilities.Thisisthencoupledtoaschool’spictureofwhatadiverseclassshouldlooklike,withtheresultthatpassport,ethnicoriginandsexcanallbecomeinfluencingfactors.Butschoolsrarelydigdowntofindoutwhatreallymakesanapplicantsucceed,tocreateaclasswhichalsocontainsdiversityofattitudeandapproach—arguablytheonlydiversitythat,inabusinesscontext,reallymatters.ProfessorGauthierbelievesschoolsshouldnotjustbeselectingcandidatesfromtraditionalsectorssuchasbanking,consultancyandindustry.Theyshouldalsobeseekingindividualswhohavebackgroundsinareassuchaspoliticalscience,creativearts,historyorphilosophy,whichwillallowthemtoputbusinessdecisionsintoawidercontext.Indeed,theredoesseemtobeademandforthemoreroundedleaderssuchdiversitymightcreate.AstudybyMannaz,aleadershipdevelopmentcompany,suggeststhat,whilethebully-boychiefexecutiveofoldmaynothavebeeneradicatedcompletely,thereisadefiniteshiftinemphasistowardslesstoughstylesofmanagement—atleastinAmericaandEurope.Perhapsmostsignificant,accordingtoMannaz,istheincreasinginterestlargecompanieshaveinmorecollaborativemanagementmodels,suchasthoseprevalentinScandinavia,whichseektointegratethehardandsoftaspectsofleadershipandencouragedelegatedresponsibilityand注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答WhatcharacterisesthebusinessschoolstudentpopulationofGreater C)ExceptionalIntellectual D)HigherWhatistheauthor’sconcernaboutcurrentbusinessschoolItwillarousestudents’unrealisticItstressescompetitionratherthanItfocusesontheoryratherthanonpracticalItwillproducebusinessleadersofauniformWhataspectofdiversitydoesValerieGauthierthinkismostAttitudeandapproachtoSocialandprofessionalAgeandeducationalEthnicoriginandApplicantswithpriorexperienceincorporateApplicantswithsoundknowledgeinmathandApplicantsfromlessdevelopedregionsandApplicantsfromoutsidethetraditionalWhatdoesMannazsayaboutthecurrentmanagementItiseradicatingthetoughaspectsofItisshiftingtowardsmorecollaborativeItadoptsthebully-boychiefexecutiveItencouragesmaleandfemaleexecutivestoworksidebyPart (30Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答Section

TapeScriptofListeningDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.W:DidyouhearthatAnnaneedstostayinbedforfourM:Yeah.Sheinjuredherspineinafall.Andthedoctortoldhertolieflatonherbackforamonth,soitcanmend.Q:WhatcanwelearnfromtheW:We’retakingupacollectiontobuyagiftforGemma.She’llhavebeenwiththecompany25yearsnextweek.M:Well,countmein,butI’mabitshortoncashnow.Whendoyouneedit?Q:Whatisthemangoingtodo?W:Tony’smotherhasinvitedmetodinner.DoyouthinkIshouldtellherinadvancethatI’mavegetarian?M:Ofcourse.Ithinkshe’dappreciateit—imaginehowyou’dbothfeelifshefixedaturkeydinnerorsomething.Q:WhatdoesthemansuggestthewomanW:Ihopeyou’renottooputoutwithmeforthedelay.IhadtostopbyFred’shometopickupabookonmywayhere.M:Well,that’snotabigdeal.Butyoumightatleastphoneifyouknowyou’regoingtokeepsomeonewaiting.Q:WhatdowelearnaboutthewomanfromtheW:Idon’tthinkwehaveenoughinformationforourpresentation.Butwehavetogiveittomorrow.Theredoesn’tseemtobemuchwecandoaboutit.M:Yeah.Atthispoint,we’llhavetomakedowithwhatwe’vegot.Q:Whatdoesthemansuggesttheydo?M:ThistrucklookslikewhatIneed,butI’mworriedaboutmaintenance.Forus,it’llhavetooperateforlongperiodsoftimeinverycoldtemperatures.W:Wehaveseveralmodelsthatarespeciallyadaptedforextremeconditions.Wouldyouliketoseethem?Q:WhatdowelearnaboutthemanfromtheW:I’dliketoexchangethisshirt.I’velearnedthatthepersonIboughtitforisallergictowool.M:Maybewecanfindsomethingincottonorsilk.Pleasecomethisway.Q:Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?W:Ithinkyourarticleintheschoolnewspaperisrightontarget.Andyourviewpointshavecertainlyconvincedme.M:Thanks.Butinviewofthegeneralresponses,youandIaredefinitelyintheQ:WhatdoesthemanConversationW:OneofthemostinterestingexperimentswithdolphinsmustbeonedonebyDrJarvisBastian.WhathetriedtodowastoteachamaledolphincalledBuzzandafemalecalledDoristocommunicatewitheachotheracross