高中英語(yǔ)選修6第一單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)、語(yǔ)法及練習(xí)

第一單元學(xué)問(wèn)點(diǎn)1.abstract1)adj.深邃的，抽象的e.g.Beautyisabstractbutahouseisnot.2)v.提煉，抽?。桓爬?，寫(xiě)摘要e.g.Rubberisabstractedfromtrees.e.g.Heisabstractingastoryforabookreview.他在為一篇書(shū)評(píng)撰寫(xiě)故事摘要。3）n.anabstractofalecture一個(gè)演講的摘要2.WouldyouratherhaveChineseorWestern-stylepaintingsinyourhomewouldratherdosth情愿做…e.g.Iwouldratherstayathometoday.wouldrathersbdosth情愿sb做…e.g.Iwouldratheryoucameheretomorrow.wouldratherdosththandosth=woulddosthratherthandosth=prefertodosthratherthandosth=preferdoingsthtodoingsthe.g.Iwouldrathergowithyouthanstayhere.=Iwouldgowithyouratherthanstayhere.=Iprefertogowithyouratherthanstayhere.=Iprefergoingwithyoutostayinghere.3.faithn.信任,信仰breakone'sfaithwithsb.對(duì)某人不守信用keepfaithwith忠于信仰;守信havefaithin信任,信任losefaithin不再信任ingoodfaith醇厚地；懇切地e.g.Ikeptfaithwithhim.我信守了對(duì)他的諾言。Hewholosesfaith,losesall.失去信念的人,失去全部。faithfuladj.忠誠(chéng)的，牢靠的befaithfulto…對(duì)…忠誠(chéng)4.consequentlyadv.所以，因此e.g.MrFosterhasneverbeentoChina.Consequently,heknowsverylittleaboutit.consequentadj.作為結(jié)果的,隨之發(fā)生的consequencen.結(jié)果asaconsequence/result=inconsequenceasaconsequence/resultof=becauseofe.g.Shewasfoundguilty,andlostherjobinconsequence(ofit).5.aimA．1)n.目標(biāo)(C)e.g.Whatisyouraiminlife你生活的目的是什么withoutaim無(wú)目的的/無(wú)目標(biāo)的achieveone’saim達(dá)到目標(biāo)missone’saim打不中目標(biāo)(U)對(duì)準(zhǔn),瞄準(zhǔn)takeaimate.g.Thehuntertookaimatthelion.2）v.(以槍等)對(duì)準(zhǔn),瞄準(zhǔn)aimataimatthetarget=takeaimatthetarget瞄準(zhǔn)靶子e.g.Heaimedhisgunatthetiger,firedbutmissedit.aimlessa.無(wú)目標(biāo)的，無(wú)目的的Sheledanaimlesslife.B.準(zhǔn)備,安排,以…為目標(biāo),立志做…aimatdoing=aimtodo瞄準(zhǔn),力求做到,力爭(zhēng)達(dá)到e.g.Harryaimsatbecomingadoctor./Harryaimstobecomeadoctor.6.evidentadj.明白的,明顯的e.g.Theapplausemadeitevidentthattheplaywasahit.Itisevident(obvious)(tosb)that…e.g.It'sevidentthatyouaretired.n.evidence證據(jù);證明inevidence=evident明顯的7.realistic現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的,逼真的,現(xiàn)實(shí)的inamorerealisticway以一種更逼真的形式realism現(xiàn)實(shí)主義realist現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者realadj.真的realizev.實(shí)現(xiàn)8.adoptvt.1).實(shí)行;接受;汲取e.g.Aftermuchdeliberation,thepresidentdecidedtoadopthersuggestion.2).過(guò)繼,收養(yǎng)[(+as)]e.g.Mr.Kernadoptedtheorphanashisownson.3).正式通過(guò),接受e.g.Theagendawasadoptedaftersomediscussion.adoptedadj.被收養(yǎng)的，被接受的anadoptedchild9.possess用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。1）“有，擁有”e.g.Thelibrarypossessesanumberoftheartist’searlyworks.2）“具有…的特質(zhì)”bepossessedofsth意為“具有某種品質(zhì)或特征”3）“支配，限制”e.g.Hewaspossessedbythedesiretoberich.possession【c】財(cái)產(chǎn)，全部物（常用復(fù)數(shù)）personalpossessions個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)e.g.Theringisoneofhermostvaluablepossessions.【u】占有，擁有Take/get/have/gainpossessionof占據(jù)，奪取inpossessionof(表主動(dòng)）占inthepossessionof=inone’spossession（表被動(dòng)）…被占有〃e.g.Heisin~ofthehouse.他擁有這套房子。Thehouseisinthe~ofhim.這套房子在他的占有之下。10.convincevt.“使確信；使信服”convincesb.todosth..勸服某人做…convincesbofsthconvincesb+that從句使某人確信某事e.g.Heconvincedmeofhissincerity.他使我確信他的真誠(chéng)。Iwasconvincedthathewassincere.sb.beconvincedofsthsb.beconvincedthat…某人確信。。。11.attemptv.嘗試，企圖,努力去執(zhí)行或完成attemptdoing反復(fù)嘗試做attempttodo企圖做attempttodo/doing=trytodo/doinge.g.Iattemptedtospeakbutwastoldtobequiet.n.1)企圖或努力2)攻擊；攻擊anattemptonsomeone'slife對(duì)某人生命的攻擊makeanattempttodosth/atdoingsth嘗試做…atone’sattempt在…嘗試下one’sfirstattempt初次嘗試e.g.Shemadeanattempttocookthedinner.她試著做這頓飯。12.ontheotherhand另一方面，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)副詞。常與ononehand連用。Ononehand…ontheotherhand一方面另…一方面e.g.Thisjobisnotwellpaid,butontheotherhand,Idon’thavetoworklonghours.Ononehand,Ineedacomputer,butontheotherhand,Idon’thaveenoughmoney.athand在手邊，在旁邊byhand用手的，手工的gohandinhandwith與…共同行動(dòng)13.figure1)外形;體形;人影e.g.Isawafigureinthedarkness.2)體態(tài);風(fēng)姿e.g.Shehasaslenderfigure.3)人物;名人e.g.Hehasbecomeafigureknowntoeveryone.4)數(shù)字e.g.Wheredidyougetthosefigures14.1)aggressiveadj.敢作敢為的;有闖勁的;侵略性的;好斗的e.g.Heisveryaggressive.他生性好斗。anaggressivesalesman一干勁很大的售貨員aggressiveweapons攻擊性武器2)aggressivelyadv.氣概洶洶地3)aggressionn.侵略（行動(dòng)）aggressorn.侵略者15.intheflesh活生生，本人，親自fleshn.肌肉;肉e.g.HaveyoueverseenJayChouintheflesh你見(jiàn)過(guò)周杰倫本人嗎？fleshandblood肉體，血肉之軀e.g.Thoughheisahero,heisstillfleshandblood.loseflesh減肥gain/putonflesh增肥flesh-eating食肉的16.preference1)更加的寵愛(ài),偏愛(ài)[U][C][(+for)]e.g.Awindowseatismypreference.我寵愛(ài)靠窗的座位。2)偏愛(ài)的事物(或人)[C]e.g.Whichisyourpreference,teaorcoffee3)偏袒[U][(+for)]e.g.Parentsshouldnotshowpreferenceforanyoneoftheirchildren.4)優(yōu)先(權(quán));實(shí)惠權(quán)[U][C]inpreferenceto優(yōu)先于haveapreferencefor偏愛(ài)e.g.Ihaveapreferenceforclassicmusic.I’dchoosethesmallcarinpreferencetothelargerone.17.appealvi.1)呼吁,請(qǐng)求appealtosbforsth.e.g.Heappealedtomeforhelp.2)訴諸,求助[(+to)]e.g.Wewillappealtoavarietyofsourcesofinformation.3)有吸引力,迎合愛(ài)好[(+to)]e.g.TheideaappealedtoMary.4)【律】上訴[(+to/against)]e.g.Heappealedagainstthefive-yearsentencehehadbeengiven.18.reputationn.名譽(yù),名聲[(+for)]e.g.Thestorehasanexcellentreputationforfairdealing.Cheatingatthegameruinedthatplayer’sreputation.liveuptoone’sreputation不負(fù)盛名loseone’sreputation失去盛名winahighreputation贏得很高的聲譽(yù)19.morethan＋名詞意為“不僅僅”e.g.Jasonismorethanalecturer;heisawriter,too.1)morethan+數(shù)詞，意為“超過(guò)”相當(dāng)于over，其反義詞組為lessthan。e.g.Therearemorethantwohundredpeopleinthepark.2)“morethan＋形容詞/副詞”是“很”或“特別”的意思。e.g.Iammorethancontentwithwhatyousaid.我對(duì)你的講話特別滿足。3)在“more...than...”結(jié)構(gòu)中，確定“more”后面的內(nèi)容而否定“than”后面的部分，常譯為“是…而不是…”或“與其說(shuō)…不如說(shuō)…”。e.g.Hearingtheloudnoise,theboywasmoresurprisedthanfrightened.聽(tīng)到這巨大的聲響，男孩與其說(shuō)是膽怯 不如說(shuō)是感到很驚異。20.contemporary1)adj.當(dāng)代的;同時(shí)代的;同年齡的e.g.HislectureisoncontemporaryAmericannovelists.Hehasfurnitureofcontemporarystyle.becontemporarywith與…同時(shí)代e.g.WasJonsoncontemporarywithShakespeare瓊森是否與莎士比亞同輩2)n.[C]同時(shí)代的人,同年齡的人；同時(shí)期的東西；當(dāng)代人,現(xiàn)代人e.g.Hewaslookeddownuponbyhiscontemporaries.他被他的同時(shí)代的人瞧不起。1. Youhavetobe________.Anybodylikeyouwithoutany______experienceisnotlikelytobegivenabigsalaryevenifyougraduatefromafamousuniversity..A.true;realisticB.realistic;practicalC.practical;realisticD.real;realistic2.Sculpturesaresomething______buttheconceptstheydemonstrateare_______,whichtakeswisdomtounderstandA.real;subtractB.concrete;abstractC.realistic;subscribeD.specific;conventional3.Havefaith______yourself,befaithful_______yourworkandmakeeveryeffortyoucanandthenyouarenotfarawayfromsuccess.A.of;ofB.in;inC.to;inD.in;to4.Plowingthefieldisthe______meanstogrowcropsinChina,typical_____theChinesefarmingforthousandsofyears.A.controversial;withB.traditional;inC.conventional;ofD.contemporary;to5.Strictmeasureshavetobe______toprotect______childrenfromfamilyabuses.A.adapted;adoptedB.adopted;adoptedC.adjusted;adjustedD.attached;adopted6.Studentsaregivenalotofexercisestodo,_______toimprovetheirgrades.A.aimedB.aimingC.tobeaimedD.toaim7.Nobodyknowsforsurewhopossessedtheancientflowervase.Inotherwords,nobodyknowsforsurewhois______oftheflowervase.A.inpossessionB.inthepossessionC.ofthepossessionD.withpossession8.Thestoryistotallymadeup.If_______ithappenstobe______anyone’sexperience,weareheretoapologize.A.bycoincidence;similartoB.byaccident;incoincidencewithC.bychance;bycoincidencewithD.X;incoincidenceto9.Whethereuthanasia(安樂(lè)死)shouldbemadelegalhasbeen________inthelawcircleformanyyears.A.conventionalB.controversialC.potentialD.experimental10.Itisridiculousofyoutobeafraidofyourown______,whichfollowseverywhereyougowhenthereislight.A.shadeB.shadowC.figureD.sculpture11.Ihaveheardofthefamousscholarthousandsoftimesbuthaven’tseenhim_______.A.inthefleshB.inpersonalC.infleshD.inprivate12.Allvisitorswereamazedattheskillsand______theartist______whencarvingthefigureonthemarbleA.technologies;showedB.techniques;displayedC.technology;madeD.technique;displayed13.Insucha______situation,wehavetobecarefulofwhatwesayandwhatwedo.A.delicateB.fragileC.weakD.flexible14.It_______asuperbmindtopredictwhatwillexactlyhappeninthefuture.A.takesB.costsC.spendsD.makes15.Itstillremainsamysterywhysomepeopleare_______certainflowerfragrancewhileothersarenot.A.allergictoB.accustomedtoC.addictedtoD.appealingto16.Egypt______ahighreputationofancientcivilizationacrosstheworldA.likesB.appreciatesC.enjoysD.isfondof17._______oftimeandenergyhasbeenspentinmakingtheearthquake-strickenareasapermanentmuseumtoremindpeoplehowdisastrousanaturaldisastercanbe.A.LargequantitiesB.AgreatdealC.AgoodmanyD.Aplenty18.Thegirl______tofigureoutwhattheboy’sattemptwas_____bygivingherabunchofrosesbutwithoutsuccess.A.managed;XB.succeeded;onC.attempted;atD.tried;on19.Visualteachingaids_______tostudentsandhelpthemlearnbetterbut______theyshouldnotbeoverusedinclass.A.attract;ontheotherhandB.appeal;ontheotherhandC.holdinterest;onotherhandD.areinterested;ononehand20.________exhibitsmadeofclayonexhibitionhavetobetakenspecialcareof_____themfrombeingdamaged.A.Delicate;preventingB.Fragile;tostopC.Weak;tokeepD.Faint;keeping21.Theoldmanenjoyscollectingsignaturesofcotemporaryfamouspeople_______famouspaintings.A.withpreferenceofB.inpreferencetoC.inpreferenceforD.withpreferenceto22.Thedistrictcommittee______havingabigheadachein______withtheaggressiveboyswhomaketroublenowandtheninthearea.A.is;dealingB.are;dealingC.is;doingD.are;doing23.Pleasegiveusa_______explanation______whyyouhavedoneso______ingeometryinschool.A.specific;to;wellB.concrete;for;goodC.general;to;wonderfulD.specific;to;good24.---Ihearthereisanartgalleryaroundhereandcouldyoutellmehowtogettoit,sir---Itis______207ontheFifthAvenue.Walkdownthisstreetandyou______.A. on;can’tmissitB.at;can’tavoiditC.on;can’tescapeD.at;can’tmissit25. Studentsareburdenedwithtoomuchexercises,_______theirschoolgrade.A.aimingtoimproveB.aimingatimprovingC.aimedtoimproveD.aimedtoimproving虛擬語(yǔ)氣基本含義：虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)的話不是事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑或推想。虛擬語(yǔ)氣通過(guò)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特別形式來(lái)表示。用法：用于非真實(shí)條件句1.條件句：1）真實(shí)條件句指假設(shè)的狀況有可能發(fā)生的條件句，用陳述語(yǔ)氣。2）非真實(shí)條件句指假設(shè)的狀況是過(guò)去或限制都不存在的，或?qū)?lái)也不大可能發(fā)生的，用虛擬語(yǔ)氣2.if條件句的主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式如下：if條件句主句例句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(be用were)would/could/should/might+V原IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.(我不是你)IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwouldtellyou.(我不知道)與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(be用were)Ifhecame/shouldcome/weretocomeheretomorrow,Ishould/wouldtalktohim.(他來(lái)的可能性很小)should+V原wereto+V原【學(xué)以致用】（2012湖南高考）Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfI______time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.A.havehadB.hadhadC.haveD.Had用于賓語(yǔ)從句1.動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)的形式例句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(be用were)IwishthatIknewsomethingaboutprogramming.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望過(guò)去完成式Theywishthattheyhadn’ttoldittous.將來(lái)的愿望would/could/should/might+V原Iwishhecouldcometomorrow.【學(xué)以致用】(2011北京高考)—WherearethechildrenThedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.—Iwishthey________alwayslate.A.weren’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.wouldn’thavebeen表示主觀意愿的動(dòng)詞后，后面賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should可省略如：suggest建議require要求demand要求insist堅(jiān)持要求order/command吩咐e.g.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)setadeadlineforthecompletionoftheplan.Theyrequirethatparking(should)beallowedhere.他們要求允許在此處停車(chē)。Heinsistedthatshefastenhersafetybelt.他要求她系好平安帶。注：suggest表示“表明，示意”，insist表示“堅(jiān)持某一說(shuō)法”時(shí)，后賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。e.g.Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasquitesatisfied.他臉上的表情表明他很滿足。Heinsistedthathehadnotstolenthecarandinsistedthathe(should)besetfreeatonce.他堅(jiān)持說(shuō)自己沒(méi)有偷那輛汽車(chē)，并堅(jiān)持要求立即釋放他?！緦W(xué)以致用】(2013陜西高考)Mymomsuggeststhatwe________eatoutforachangethisweekend.A.shouldB.mightC.couldD.Wouldwouldrather后的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的愿望wouldrather+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式Iwouldratherheleftnow.Iwouldratherhecameearliertomorrow.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望wouldrather+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成式IwouldratherIhadnotliedyesterday.(事實(shí)上昨天撒謊了)【學(xué)以致用】(2010江蘇高考)Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhe_______moreonitsculture.A.focusB.focusedC.wouldfocusD.hadfocused【即學(xué)即練】IfI________wherehelived,I________alettertohim.A.knew;wouldsendB.hadknown;wouldsend