文稿高級閱讀exercises

Ⅰ.Givebriefanswerstothefollowingquestions,usingyourownwordsasmuchaspossible:WhydidthewritergototheAralSea?WhatdidheseeWhatwas"thetunnelthroughtime"thescientistwasWhatwerescientistsngintheAntarcticWhywouldthethinningofthepolaricecapbedisastroustotheHowwillthedestructionoftheAmazonrainaffecttheearth'secologicalWhatdoesthewritercall"ghostsinthesky"?HowaretheyWhydoesthewritersay"ourresponsetothesesignalsisWhatcausesglobalwarming?WhyisitconsideredastrategicWhatarethetwokeyfactorsthatdefinethephysicalrealityofourrelationshiptotheearth?Whatdramaticchangeshaveoccurredinthesetwokeyfactors?WhatsolutionsdoesthewriterputforwardtoourecologicalThewriterwenttotheAralSeatosearchfortheunderlyingcausesofthecrisis.WhathesawtherewashotdryItwastheannuallayersoficeinacoresampledugfromtheScientistsweremonitoringtheairseveraltimesadaytochartthecourseoftheclimateBecausethepolarcapysacrucialroleintheworld'sweathersystem,thethinningofthepolarcapmightcausefloodinmanycesoftheworld.TherearemoredifferentspeciesofbirdsineachsquareoftheAmazonthanexistinallofNorthAmerica.ThedestructionoftheAmazonrainwillmeansilencingthousandsofsongswehaveneverevenheard.Thewritercallsnoctilucentclouds"ghostsinthesky".Asaresultofpollution,thecloudsoccasionallyappearwhentheearthisfirstcloakedintheeveningdarkness.Andtheyappearmoreoftenbecauseofahugebuildupofmethanegasintheatmosphere.BecausewearenotyetawakenedtotakeeffectivemeasurestodealwiththeclimateCarbondioxide'sabilitytotrapheatintheatmospherecausesglobalwarming.Becauseglobalwarmingseriouslythreatenstheglobalclimateequilibriumthatdeterminesthepat-ternofwinds,rainfall,surfacetemperatures,oceancur-rents,andsealevel.Theseinturndeterminethedistributionofvegetativeandanimallifeonlandandseaandhaveagreateffectonthelocationandpatternofhumansocieties.Thetwokeyfactorsarehumanpopulationandthescientificandtechnologicaldevelopment.Thedramaticchangesthathaveoccurredinthesetwofactorsareasuddenandstartlingsurgeinhumanpopulationandasuddenaccelerationofthescientificandtechnologicalrevolution.Thewriter'ssolutiontoourecologicalproblemsistoreinventandfinallyhealtherelationshipbetweenhumanbeingsandtheearthbycarryingoutacarefulreassessmentofalltheactorsthatledtotherelativelyrecentdramaticchangeintherelationship.ⅡTheprospectsofagoodcatchlookedHemovedhisfingerbackintimetotheiceoftwodecadesKeepsitsenginesrunningtopreventthemetalpartsfromze-lockingAcrebyacre,therainisbeingburnedtocreatefastpastureforfast-foodWhichmeanswearesilencingthousandsofsongswehaveneverevenConsideringsuchscenariosisnotapurelyspeculativeWeareripmatterfromitsceintheearthinsuchvolumeastoupsetthebalancebetweendaylightanddarknessOrhaveoureyesadjustedsocompleytothebrightlightsofcivilizationthatwecan’tseethesecloudsforwhattheyareTocometothequestionanotherandhaveagreateffectonthelocationandpatternofhumanweseemobliviousofthefragilityoftheearth’snaturalAndthisongoingrevolutionhasalsosuddenlyacceleratedItwasnotatallpossibletocatchalargeamountofFollowingthelayersoficeinthecoresample,hisfingercametothecewheretheoficewasformed2050yearskeepsitsenginesrunningforfearthatifhestopsthem,themetalpartswouldbefrozensolidandtheengineswouldnotbeabletostartagainBitbybittreesintherainarefelledandthelandisclearedandturnedintopasturewherecattlecanberaisedquicklyandslaughteredandthebeefcanbeusedinham-5)Sinceofarebeingdestroyedandthehabitatfortheserarebirdsnolongerexists,thousandsofbirdswhichwehavenotevenhadachancetoseewill eextinct.ThinkingabouthowaseriesofeventsmighthappenasaconsequenceofthethinningofWeareusinganddestroyingresourcesinsuchahugeamountthatwearedisturbingthebalancebetweendaylightanddarkness.Orhavewebeensoaccustomedtothebrightelectriclightsthatwefailtounderstandthethreateningimplicationoftheseclouds.Toputforwordthequestioninadifferentandgreatlyaffectthelivingcesandactivitiesofhumansocietiesll)Weseemunawarethattheearth'snaturalsystemsaredelicate.12)Andthiscontinuingrevolutionhasalsosuddenlydevelopedataspeedthatdoubledandtripledtheoriginalspeed.TranslatethefollowingintoButthemostsignificantchangethusfarintheearth’satmosphereistheonethatbeganwiththeindustrialrevolutionearlyinthelastcenturyandhaspickedupspeedeversince.Industrymeantcoal,andlateroil,andwebegantoburnlotsofit–bringingrisinglevelsofcarbondioxide(CO)withitsabilitytotrapmoreheatintheatmosphereandslowlywarmtheearth.FewerthanahundredyardsfromtheSouthPole,upwindfromtheicerunwaywheretheskinelandsandkeepsitsenginesrunningtopreventthemetalpartsfromze-lockingtogether,scientistsmonitortheairseveraltimeseverydaytochartthecourseofthatinexorablechange.Duringmyvisit,Iwatchedonescientistdrawtheresultsofthatday’smeasurements,pushingtheendofasteeplinehigheronthegraph.Hetoldmehoweasyitis–thereattheendoftheearth–toseethatthisenormouschangeintheglobalatmosphereisstillpickingupspeed.However,anewclassofenvironmentalproblemsdoesaffecttheglobalecologicalsystem,andthesethreatsarefundamentallystrategic.The600percentincreaseintheamountofchlorineintheatmosphereduringthelastfortyyearshastakencenotjustinthosecountriesproducingthechlorofluorocarbonsresponsiblebutintheairaboveeverycountry,aboveAntarctica,abovetheNorthPoleandthePacificOcean–allthewayfromthesurfaceoftheearthtothetopofthesky.Theincreasedlevelsofchlorinedisrupttheglobalprocessbywhichtheearthregulatestheamountofultravioletradiationfromthesunthatisallowedthroughtheatmospheretothesurface:andifweletchlorinelevelscontinuetoincrease,theradiationlevelswillalsoincrease–tothepointthatallanimalandntlifewillfaceanewthreattotheirsurvival.Thestrategicnatureofthethreatnowposedbyhumancivilizationtotheglobalenvironmentandthestrategicnatureofthethreattohumancivilizationnowposedbychangesintheglobalenvironmentpresentuswithasimilarsetofchallengesandfalsehopes.Somearguethatanewultimatetechnology,whethernuclearpowerorgeneticengineering,willsolvetheproblem.Othersholdthatonlyadrasticreductionofourrelianceontechnologycanimprovetheconditionsoflife–asimplisticnotionatbest.Buttherealsolutionwillbefoundinreinventingandfinallyhealingtherelationshipbetweencivilizationandtheearth.Thiscanonlybeplishedbyundertakingacarefulreassessmentofallthefactorsthatledtotherelativelyrecentdramaticchangeintherelationship.Thetransformationofthewaywerelatetotheearthwillofcourseinvolvenew,butthekeychangeswillinvolvenewwaysofthinkingabouttherelationshipitself.Studytheformationofthefollowingnounsineachgroup.Givefurtherexamplesofnounswiththesamesuffixes.radiationenvironmentimagecoldnessemissionactivitynatureconsequencefrequencycrisisrelationshiptruthThesuffix-logy(-ology)meansthescienceorstudyof.Add-logy(-ology)tothefollowingwordsandtranslatetheminto.techn 2)3) 4)phreno5)neuro 6)path7)physio 8)pharmaco9)gynaeco 10)ocean11)lexico 12)13)anthropo 14)criminThesuffix-istformsnounsdenotingagent,follower,adherer,expert,etc.Givecorrespondingnounsendingin-istforthewordslistedbelowandtranslatetheminto: 2)3) 4)5) 6)7) 8)9) 10)11) 12)Theprefixsub-hasdifferentmeanings.Lookupthefollowingwordsinthedictionaryandputtheminto,payingattentiontothedifferentmeaningsof 2)3) 4)5) 6)7) 8)9) 10) 12)13) 14)15) 16)17) 18)PickoutfromthetextallthetermsconnectedwithecologicalRecetheitalicizedwordswithsimple,everydaywordsorMyresearchfortheunderlyingcausesoftheenvironmentalcrisishasledmetotravelaroundtheworldtoexamineandstudymanyoftheseimagesofdestruction.()()Scientistsmonitortheairseveraltimeseverydaytochartthecourseofinexorablechange.(Itraveledbysnowsafewfurthernorthtoarendezvouspoint(Withhorizondefinedbylittlehummocky...whereseparatesheetscollide(Moreover,scientistsestablishedseveralyearsagothatthetemperatureoftheearthissteadilyrising.()Butonedoesn'thavetotravelaroundtheworldtowitnesshumankind'sassaultontheearth.()Particular,localandregionalproblemsoccurringsimultaneouslyallovertheworld()Thisincreaseinheatseriouslythreatenstheglobalclimateequilibrium(Theyhavecompleytransformedourcumulativeabilitytoexploittheearthforsustenance()Ourchallengeistorecognizethatthestartlingimagesofenvironmentaldestruction...awakenus.()Itarisesoutoftherelationshipbetweenthesuperpowersandisbasedonanobsoleteunderstandingofwhatwarisallabout.()1)basicexamples 4)characterizedstrikeagainsteachother 5)setup 6)see,attack 7)atthesametime 9)increasing,existence10)taskll)out-of-dateChooseamoreappropriatewordfromthebrackettocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences.Makechangeswherenecessary.Beforetakingactions,youmustconsiderthe(result,consequence,outItisnottheknowing,butthengthatbrings(result,consequence,outThebookembodiestheofhistenyearsoforiginalresearch.(result, Butitwouldbeprematuretoforecasttheofthewar.(result,consequence,Thefinancialoftheforthelasthalfyearwereverysatisfactory.(result,consequence, Theneworganizationistheofameetingheldamongmemberstateslastmonth.(result,consequence, Wecan'tgetridofwarunlesswegetridoftheofwar.(cause,Thenewsoftheaircrashwasreportedrightaway,butthe-----werenotdisclosed.(cause,reason)Hehadnosufficientlygoodenoughfortherefusalofthepost.(cause,Theladyhadtoremainnamelessfordiplomatic(cause,Shebrokeoffallwiththemanwhohaddeceivedher.(relation,Inthepastfewyears,theyformedaofun-questioningpoliticalloyalty.(relation,relationship)HehasdonesomuchtodeveloptradebetweenandJapan.(relation,Toprotectglobalenvironment,wemusthaveacorrectunderstandingofthebetweenourcivilizationandtheearth.(relation,relationship)Hehadauniquewayofputtingthoughtsintosimplewords.(complex,Asentencehasoneormoreclausesbesidesthemainclause.(complex,Youarenothelme.Youareonlymakingthingsmorethantheyare.(complex,complicated)Astheedificeofcivilizationis ingmorewefeelincreasinglydistantfromourrootsintheearth.(complex,complicated)Theprocessisandeasytograsp.(simple,Thisisaanswer,andI'msureitwon’tsolvetheproblem.(simple, 13)relations14)relationship 17)complicated18)complex19)simple20)simplisticⅪ.FillineachblankwithaprepositionoraModernindustrialcivilizationiscollidingviolentlyournet'secologicalsystem.Theferocityitsassaulttheearthisbreathtaking.Isolatedpocketsfightershavebeguntofightbackinspiringbut,thefinalysis,woefullyinadequateways.Whattheyareupisnothinglessthecurrentlogicworldcivilization.longcivilization,itsvasttechnologicalpower,continuestofollowapatternthinkingthatencouragestheexploitationthenaturalworldshort-termgains,anirresistiblewillcontinuetodevastatetheearthnomatterwhatanyusdoes.Ⅻ.Choosetherightwordfromthelistgivenbelowforeach Oneoftheclearestsignsthatour totheglobal isinseverecrisisisthefloodtideof spillingoutofourcitiesand somehavecalledthe"throwawaysociety"hadbeenbasedontheassumptionthat resourceswill ustoproduceanendlesssupplyofgoodsand bottomlessreceptacles--landfillsandocean willallowusto ofanendlessstreamofwaste.Butnowwearebeginningto inthatstream. reliedfortoolongonthe "outofsight,outof "wearenow outofwaystodisposeofour inamannerthatkeeps outofeither orTheAmericanpeoplehavein eembroiledin relativemeritsofvariouswaste schemes,fromdumitinthe buryingitinalandfilltoburningitortakingit .Now,however,wemustastrategicthreattoour todispose theenormous ofwastenowbeingproduced.There

onewayout:wehave

productionprocessesandtheamountofwaste create.Our toflourishwithinthe weboflife,butwehave toleavethegarden.wefindawaytochangeourwayof abouttherelationshipbetween andtheearth,ourchildrenwill awasand.XIII.TopicsfororalHowhashumancivilizationnow ethedominantcauseofchangeintheglobalenvironment?Whatchangesintheglobalenvironmentpresentastrategicthreattohumancivilization?Howshouldwefacethischallengeandsolvetheproblem?XIV.WriteashortcompositionWemustprotectourecological習題全ThewriterwenttotheAralSeatosearchfortheunderlyingcausesoftheenvironmentalcrisis.Whathesawtherewashotdrysand.ItwastheannuallayersoficeinacoresampledugfromtheScientistsweremonitoringtheairseveraltimesadaytochartthecourseoftheclimateBecausethepolarcapysacrucialroleintheworld'sweathersystem,thethinningofthepolarcapmightcausefloodinmanycesoftheworld.TherearemoredifferentspeciesofbirdsineachsquareoftheAmazonthanexistinallofNorthAmerica.ThedestructionoftheAmazonrainwillmeansilencingthousandsofsongswehaveneverevenheard.Thewritercallsnoctilucentclouds"ghostsinthesky".Asaresultofpollution,thecloudsoccasionallyappearwhentheearthisfirstcloakedintheeveningdarkness.Andtheyappearmoreoftenbecauseofahugebuildupofmethanegasintheatmosphere.BecausewearenotyetawakenedtotakeeffectivemeasurestodealwiththeclimateCarbondioxide'sabilitytotrapheatintheatmospherecausesglobalwarming.Becauseglobalwarmingseriouslythreatenstheglobalclimateequilibriumthatdeterminesthepat-ternofwinds,rainfall,surfacetemperatures,oceancur-rents,andsealevel.Theseinturndeterminethedistributionofvegetativeandanimallifeonlandandseaandhaveagreateffectonthelocationandpatternofhumansocieties.Thetwokeyfactorsarehumanpopulationandthescientificandtechnologicaldevelopment.Thedramaticchangesthathaveoccurredinthesetwofactorsareasuddenandstartlingsurgeinhumanpopulationandasuddenaccelerationofthescientificandtechnologicalrevolution.Thewriter'ssolutiontoourecologicalproblemsistoreinventandfinallyhealtherelationshipbetweenhumanbeingsandtheearthbycarryingoutacarefulreassessmentofallthe{actorsthatledtotherelativelyrecentdramaticchangeintheItwasnotatallpossibletocatchalargeamountofFollowingthelayersoficeinthecoresample,hisfingercametothecewherethelayeroficewasformed2050yearsago.keepsitsenginesrunningforfearthatifhestopsthem,themetalpartswouldbefrozensolidandtheengineswouldnotbeabletostartagainBitbybittreesintherainarefelledandthelandisclearedandturnedintopasturewherecattlecanberaisedquicklyandslaughteredandthebeefcanbeusedinham-5)Sinceofarebeingdestroyedandthehabitatfortheserarebirdsnolongerexists,thousandsofbirdswhichwehavenotevenhadachancetoseewill eextinct.ThinkingabouthowaseriesofeventsmighthappenasaconsequenceofthethinningofWeareusinganddestroyingresourcesinsuchahugeamountthatwearedisturbingthebalancebetweendaylightanddarkness.Orhavewebeensoaccustomedtothebrightelectriclightsthatwefailtounderstandthethreateningimplicationoftheseclouds.Toputforwordthequestioninadifferentandgreatlyaffectthelivingcesandactivitiesofhumansocietiesll)Weseemunawarethattheearth'snaturalsystemsaredelicate.12)Andthiscontinuingrevolutionhasalsosuddenlydevelopedataspeedthatdoubledandtripledtheoriginalspeed.Ⅲ.Seethetranslationofthe1)transportation,imitation,destruction2)encirclement,enrient,enlightenment3)postage,coinage,advantage4)sharpness,boldness,smoothness5)admission,concession,depression6)productivity,sensitivity,desirability7)posture,departure,indenture8)independence,prudence,impudence9)flagrancy,consistency,potency10)ysis,metabasis,metamorphosisll)dictatorship,ownership,partnership12)depth,length,birth1)technology技 2)ecology生態(tài)3)hydrology水文學 4)phrenology顱像學5)neurology神經病學 6)pathology病理學7)physiology生理學 8)pharmacology藥理學9)gynaecology婦科學 lO)oceanology海洋學11)lexicology詞匯學 12)archaeology考古學13)anthropology人類學 14)criminology學1)anarchist主義者2)naturalist自然主義者3)biologist生物學家4)psychologist心理學家5)satirist諷刺作家6)encyclopaedist百科全書編纂者7)geologist地質學家sociologist社會學zoologist動物學12)terrorist主義分submarine潛水submergesubantarticsubsolar在正下面的，赤道subhead小標題6)subaquatic半水棲的7)subdivide把……再分suboxide低氧化subclass亞lO)subclimax亞頂極群落 mittee小組12)subconscious下意識的13)subcontinent次大陸14)subcontract轉包合同15)subculture亞文化群16)subspecies亞種subsoil底sublethal(的量等)尚不致命inlandsea,desert,coresample,glacier,atmosphere,carbondioxide,polaricecap,globalwarming,Amazonrain,speciesofbirds,ecologicalbalance,noctilucentcloud,methanegas,naturalgas,landfills,coalmines,ricepaddies,termites,biomass,upperatmosphere,elephants,greenhousegases,watervapor,growingmountainsofwaste,acidrain,chlorine,humanactivities,heat-absorbingmolecules,globalclimateequilibrium,winds,rainfall,surfacetemperatures,oceancurrents,sealevel,vegetativeandanimallife,etc. 2)unalcharacterized;strik