2023年考研考博-考博英語-華南師范大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題薈萃帶答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語-華南師范大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題薈萃帶答案第1卷一.綜合題(共25題)1.填空題Inthepastcastleswerenormallyclassifiedas"militaryengineering"andbanished(1)___thearchitecturalsceneatonce.Today,architectsandengineers(2)___farmorecloselylinked(3)___inthepast;wearethereforereadyto(4)___theidea,becauseacastlewasdesigned(5)___awell-protectedhome(6)___itsoccupants(7)___qualitieswhichwecanrecognize(8)___essentiallyarchitectural.Oncethesite(9)___thecastlehadbeenchosen(10)___formwouldbedictated(11)___thematerialswithwhichit(12)___tobebuiltandthemanyservices(13)___hadtoprovideforthose(14)___itswalls.(15)___itschiefrolewasadefensive(16)___,intimesofpeaceit(17)___beexpectedtoact(18)___thecentreoflocalgovernment,ahall(19)___justiceorperhaps(20)___aprison.2.單選題Philosophyinthesecondhalfofthe19thcenturywasbasedmoreonbiologyandhistorythanonmathematicsandphysics.Revolutionarythoughtdriftedawayfrommetaphysicsandepistemologyandshiftedmoretowardsideologiesinscience,politics,andsociology.PragmatismbecamethemostvigorousschoolofthoughtinAmericanphilosophyduringthistime,anditcontinuedtheempiricisttraditionofgroundingknowledgeonexperienceandstressingtheinductiveproceduresofexperimentalscience.ThethreemostimportantpragmatistsofthisperiodweretheAmericanphilosophersCharlesPeirce(1839-1914),consideredtobethefirstoftheAmericanpragmatists,WilliamJames(1842-1910),thefirstgreatAmericanpsychologist,andJohnDewey(1859~1952),whofurtherdevelopedthepragmaticprinciplesofPeirceandJamesintoacomprehensivesystemofthoughtthathecalled'"experimentalnaturalism",or"instrumentalism".Pragmatismwasgenerallycriticaloftraditionalwesternphilosophy,especiallythenotionthatthereareabsolutetruthsandabsolutevalues.Incontrast,JosiahRoyce(1855-1916),wasaleadingAmericanexponentofidealismatthistime,whobelievedinanabsolutetruthandheldthathumanthought,andtheexternalworldwereunifieD.Pragmatismcalledforideasandtheoriestobetestedinpractice,assessingwhethertheyproduceddesirableorundesirableresults.AlthoughpragmatismwaspopularforatimeinEurope,mostagreethatitepitomizedtheAmericanfaithinknow-howandpracticality,andtheequallyAmericandistrustofabstracttheoriesandideologies.Pragmatismisbestunderstoodinitshistoricalandculturalcontext.Itaroseduringaperiodofrapidscientificadvancement,industrialization,andmaterialprogress;atimewhenthetheoryofevolutionsuggestedtomanythinkersthathumanityandsocietyareinaperpetualstateofprogress.Thisperiodalsosawadeclineintraditionalreligiousbeliefsandvalues.Asaresult,itbecamenecessarytorethinkfundamentalideasaboutvalues,religion,science,community,andindividuality.Pragmatistsregardedalltheoriesandinstitutionsastentativehypothesesandsolutions.Accordingtotheircritics,thepragmatist'srefusaltoaffirmanyabsolutescarriednegativeimplicationsforsociety,challengingthefoundationsofsociety'sinstitutions.1.Whatisthispassageprimarilyabout?2.Whichofthefollowingistrue?3.Accordingtothepassage,pragmatismwasmorepopularinAmericathanEurope,because（）.4.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT（）.5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?問題1選項A.Theevolutionofphilosophyinthesecondhalfofthe19thcentury.B.ThethreemostimportantAmericanpragmatistsofthelate19thcentury.C.Thedifferencesbetweenpragmatismandtraditionalwesternphilosophy.D.Americanpragmatism.問題2選項A.Idealismwasanimportantpartofthepragmaticapproach.B."Pragmatism"wasalsoknownas"traditionalwesternphilosophy".C.Pragmatismcontinuedtheempiricisttradition.D.Pragmatismisbestunderstoodindependentlyofitshistoricalandculturalcontext.問題3選項A.AmericanshadgreateracceptanceofthetheoryofevolutionB.itepitomizedtheAmericanfaithinknow-howandpracticalityC.EuropehadamoretraditionalsocietybasedonamuchlongerhistoryD.industrializationandmaterialprogresswasoccurringatafasterpaceinAmericaatthattime問題4選項A.revolutionarythoughtshiftedmoretowardsideologiesinscience,politicsandsociologyB.pragmatistsregardedalltheoriesandinstitutionsastentativehypothesesandsolutionsC.JosiahRoycewasnotapragmatistD.pragmatismwasbasedonthetheoryofevolution問題5選項A.JosiahRoyceconsideredCharlesPeircetobechallengingthefoundationsofsociety'sinstitutions.B.CharlesPeirceconsideredJosiahRoycetobetooinfluencedbythetheoryofevolution.C.JohnDeweywouldnothavedevelopedhissystemofthoughtcalled"experimentalnaturalism"or"instrumentalism"withoutthepioneeringworkofCharlesPeirceandWilliamJames.D.JosiahRoycewasarevolutionarythinker.3.單選題Maggietiptoedoverandtooktheclockawaybecauseshehatedtohearit（）whenshewastryingtogotosleep.問題1選項A.soundingB.hummingC.tickingD.ringing4.填空題Filleachofthenumberedblanksinthefollowingpassagewithonesuitableword.Fromthebeginning,waterhasfurnishedmanwithasourceoffoodandahighwaytotravelupon.Thefirstarose（1）waterwasadominantelementintheenvironment,achallenge（2）man'singenuity.TheEgyptiansinventedthe365（3）.calendarinresponse（4）theNile'sannualflooding.TheBabylonians,whowereamong（5）mostfamouslaw-makers（6）antiquity,devisededictsregulatingwaterusage.WaterinspiredtheChinese（7）builda1,000milecanal,acomplexsystem（8）,afternearly2,500years,（9）stillpartlyinuseandstillcommandstheaweofengineers.Buttheancientsneverfoundcompletesolutions（10）theirwaterproblems.TheHwangHo,orYellowRiverisalsoknown（11）"China'sSorrow";itissoerraticanddangerous（12）inasinglefloodithascausedmilliondeaths.FloodshazardedthegreatcivilizationoftheIndusRivervalley,andinadequatedrainageruinedmuch（13）itslanD.Today（14）dominatesmanasitalwayshas（15）.Itspresencecontinuestogovernthelocationofhishomesandcities;itstempestuousvariabilitycankill（16）orhisherdsorhiscrops;itsrouteslinkhimto（17）fellows;itsimmensevaluemayadd（18）.alreadydangerouspoliticalconflicts.Therearemanyexamples（19）thisinour（20）time.5.單選題Whenthecommittee（

）todetails,theproposedplanseemedimpractical.問題1選項A.gotdownB.setaboutC.wentoffD.cameup6.單選題Telecommunicationdevelopmentsenablethesendingofmessages（）television,radioandveryshortly,electronicmailtobombardpeoplewithmanymessages.問題1選項A.viaB.amidC.pastD.across7.單選題Underthepresentsystem,stateenterprisesmust（）allprofitstothegovernment.問題1選項A.turndownB.turntoC.turnoutD.turnin8.單選題Theconductoroftheorchestrawasnotsatisfiedwiththeballetforthestepsofthedancerwasnot（）withtherhythmofthemusic.問題1選項A.coordinatedB.correspondedC.synchronizedD.reconciled9.單選題Theamountofheatproducedbythiselectricalapparatusis（）atwillbyturningasmallhandle.問題1選項A.variableB.variousC.differentD.diverse10.單選題Hergenerosityisoneofhermostpleasing（）.問題1選項A.characteristicsB.attributesC.traitsD.peculiarity11.單選題Thegreatestadvantageofthemarketeconomyisthatitcan（）thedistributionofthenaturalresourcesandmanpower.問題1選項A.optimizeB.maximizeC.minimizeD.allocate12.單選題Hewasangrywithhimselfforhavingfallena（）tohiswife’sfoolishtalk.問題1選項A.targetB.obscureC.sacrificeD.ambiguous13.單選題Chequeshavelargelyreplacedmoneyasameansofexchange,fortheyarewidelyacceptedeverywhere.Thoughthisisvery（1）forbothbuyerandseller,itshouldnotbeforgottenthatchequesarenotrealmoney:theyarequite（2）inthemselves.Ashop-keeperalwaysrunsacertain（3）whenheaccepts,achequeandheisquite（4）,hisrightsif,（5）,herefusestodoso.Peopledonotalwaysknowthisandareshockediftheirgoodfaithiscalled（6）.Anoldandverywealthyfriendofminetoldmehehadanextremelyunpleasant（7）.Hewenttoafamousjewelryshopwhichkeepsalarge（8）ofpreciousstonesandaskedtobeshownsomepearlnecklaces.Afterexaminingseveraltrays,he（9）tobuyaparticularlyfinestringofpearlsandaskedifhecouldpay（10）cheque.Theassistantsaidthatthiswasquite（11）,butthemomentmyfriendsignedhisname,hewasinvitedintothemanager'soffice.Themanagerwasverypolite,butheexplainedthatsomeonewith（12）thesamenamehadpresentedthemwitha（13）chequenotlongago.Hetoldmyfriendthatthepolicewouldarrive（14）anymomentandhehadbetterstay（15）hewantedtogetintoserioustrouble.（16）,thepolicearrivedonafterwards.Theyapologizedtomyfriendforthe（17）andaskedhimto（18）anotewhichhadbeenusedbythethiefinanumberofshops.Thenote（19）.“Ihaveaguninmypocket.Asknoquestionsandgivemeallthemoneyinthesafe.”（20），myfriend'shandwritingwasquiteunlikethethieves.問題1選項A.complicatedB.trivialC.bearableD.convenient問題2選項A.valuelessB.invaluableC.valuableD.indefinite問題3選項A.dangerB.changeC.riskD.opportunity問題4選項A.withinB.beyondC.withoutD.outof問題5選項A.ingeneralB.attheleastC.onoccasionD.inshort問題6選項A.indifficultyB.indoubtC.inearnestD.inquestion問題7選項A.accidentB.experienceC.eventD.incident問題8選項A.amountB.stockC.numberD.store問題9選項A.consideredB.thoughtC.conceivedD.decided問題10選項A.byB.inC.withD.through問題11選項A.inorderB.inneedC.inuseD.incommon問題12選項A.largelyB.mostlyC.exactlyD.extremely問題13選項A.worthB.worthyC.worthwhileD.worthless問題14選項A.forB.atC.untilD.during問題15選項A.whetherB.ifC.otherwiseD.unless問題16選項A.ReallyB.SureenoughC.CertainlyD.However問題17選項A.treatmentB.mannerC.inconvenienceD.behavior問題18選項A.writeoffB.writeoutC.copyoutD.makeout問題19選項A.readB.toldC.wroteD.informed問題20選項A.EspeciallyB.FortunatelyC.NaturallyD.Basically14.單選題Thefreshmantookawhileto（

）himselfthenewenvironmentoftheuniversity.問題1選項A.familiarizeB.modifyC.orientD.alter15.單選題Itwasthelargestexperimentwehaveeverhad;it（）sixhours.問題1選項A.endedB.finishedC.wasD.lasted16.單選題（）theadvancesofsciencethediscomfortsofoldagewillnodoubtalwaysbewithus.問題1選項A.AsforB.ExceptC.BesidesD.Despite17.單選題ThespeakerannouncedthatthePresidentwouldconvenehistopaidesfortheregularmeetingbuthedidn't（）thetimeandplace.問題1選項A.designateB.denoteC.manifestD.specify18.單選題Atthenews,thedemonstratorswhohadputtheforeigngoodsunderaboycottforseveralmonthsprotestedbut（）.問題1選項A.tonaughtB.tonothingC.tonoavailD.tovoid19.單選題Intheendtheycametotheconclusionthattheevidenceproducedbytheplaintiffwas（）.問題1選項A.scarceB.rareC.scantyD.deficient20.單選題Icannotgiveyou（）forthetypeofcaryousellbecausethereisnodemandforitinthemarket.

問題1選項A.anexpenseB.achargeC.apurchaseD.anorder21.單選題Inmodernsociety,peoplehavemoreandmoreanxietyindailylifeaswellasinworkbecauseofthe（）ofthecitylife.問題1選項A.speedB.rhythmC.velocityD.tempo22.單選題Thesportsmeet,originallyduetobeheldlastFriday,wasfinally（）becauseofthebadweather.問題1選項A.setoffB.brokeoffC.wornoffD.calledoff23.單選題Atthedrugstore,thepharmacistrefusedtogivemeanymedicinebecauseshecouldnotread（）.問題1選項A.descriptionB.prescriptionC.inscriptionD.subscription24.單選題TherebirthofJapanfromtheruinsofWorldWarIIanditsracetotheyear2000isthethemeofRobertGuilian’snewbookTheJapaneseChallenge.Indevelopingthisprovocativesubject,hehasproduced,practically,amanualthatwillbeextremelyhelpfultoanyonedoingbusinesswiththeJapanese.Itisparticularlyrecommendedforthefirst-timevisitortotheLandoftheRisingSun.TheanalysisoftheadvanceofmodernJapanoverthepast100yearssincetheMeijieragivesamostpenetratinginsightintothebackgroundandforcesthathavebroughtthisfascinatingcountrytowhereshenowisthethirdeconomicpowerintheworlD.WillJapanbecomenumberonebytheyear2000?ThisisthecontroversialquestionGuilianattemptstoanswer,andwhiledoingsounfoldsacompositechronicleofthefactorsthathavecontributedtoJapan'samazinggrowthoverthepasttwentyyears,andthatwillsupportthedrivetowardtheobjectivesofthenextthirtyyears.Mr.GuilianistheFarEasternrepresentativeofLeMonde,andexhibitsanintimateknowledgeoftheJapanesepeopleandthereasonsfortheirfanaticaldevotiontothedoctrineofthepasttwodecades;economicgrowthaboveallelse.However,itfailstogivefullrecognitiontorecenteventsthattendstoquestiontheeasewithwhichtheracewillberunintheeightiesandnineties.Japanisgoingthroughanevolution.WereadincurrentnewspapersabouttheJapanesehousewifeforsakinghertraditionalimageofdocility,andobjectingtoprices,quality,andservice.TheJapaneseworker,whoisbecomingmoreoffbeathasreachedthepointwherehenolongerwantstoacceptalowstandardofliving;evenJapaneseengineershavenowbeenorganizedintocollectivebargaininggroups.Japaniscaughtupinthespiralofwagesrisingmorerapidlythanproductivity,andJapanoftheManagersfacesseveretestastowhetheraneconomicslowdownwillprevailortheracewillcontinueatthesameunabatedpace.Mr.GuilianexplainshowtheGovernmentoftheManagershasreplacedtheGovernmentoftheGenerals,andhasbeenabletomaintainthenationalpolicyofindustrialexpansionandachieved"greatnesswithoutthebomb.”TheManagersareconvincedthatinthefuturetheonlyrealpowerwillbeeconomicpower,andthatJapancannotwasteitsstrengthinmilitarybattlesorarmamentraces.Hecreditstheleadersoftheeconomywithearlyrecognitionofthefactthatwewillbebilgedtoliveinaworldthathasbeenradicallychangedbytherevolutionofthehighlyscientificindustriessuchasthepetrochemicalfieldandtheyquicklydevotedtheresourcescededforexpansioninthesecapital-hungryindustries.HedelvesintothedaringandunorthodoxfinancialmethodsusedbytheManagersandtheadventurousspiritofthebankerswhoarebackedbytheBankofJapan.Thesepoliciessupportedtherapidacquisitionofthelatestpatents,processes,andequipment,andthebuildingofthemostmodernfactoriesandplant.Thishasresultedinleadershipinmanysegmentsofindustrysuchasjournalism,masstourism,transportation,steel,ship-building,electronics,television,radio,cameras,watches,plastics,motorcycles,andperhapsonthehorizon”automobiles.ItisinterestingtouschemicalengineersandchemiststhatMr.Guilianreferstohugeethyleneproductioncenterswiththeirenormoustowersandmetalspheresas"thenewshrinesoftheJapanoftheyear2000,theprodigioustemplesofthegodindustry.”TheJapaneseChallengeisrecommendedreadingforthoseseekinganunderstandingofJapan,itshistory,politics,foreignpolicy,defensestrategy,relationswithRedChinaandRussia,Zaikai(bigbusinessgroups),financialinstitutions,tradingcompaniesmanagersunions,educationalstandards,wagestructure,technologicaldevelopments,andthepeoplethemselvesthatkeepthe"bicycleeconomy"pressingonwardintheeconomicrace.1.Thisarticle（）.2.Thereviewer'sattitudetowardsthebookis（）.3.Accordingtotheauthorofthisarticle（）.4.Accordingtothewriterofthebookthegreatnesswithoutbombwillbeachieved（）.5.Whatisprobablymeantby“bicycleeconomy”?問題1選項A.iswrittenbyRobertGuilian.B.iswrittenbyMartinM.Ramer.C.istranslatedfromFrenchbyPatrickO'Brian.D.iswrittenbyRobertGuilian,translatedbyPatrickO5BrianandreviewedbyMartinM.Ramer.問題2選項A.skepticalB.doubtfulC.thatofapprovalD.indifferent問題3選項A.productivityinJapanisdevelopingmorequicklythanthewageraiseB.thewageraiseandproductivityaredevelopingatthesamespeed.C.thewageraisesurpassestheproductiongrowth.D.economicdevelopmentwillseeaslowdowninthefutureinJapan.問題4選項A.througheconomicdevelopmentattheexpenseofarmamentB.througheconomicdevelopmentinaccordancewitharmamentC.throughthereplacementofthemilitarygovernmentbythegovernmentofmanagersD.throughtheimplementationofcorrectpolicyineconomicdevelopment問題5選項A.thedevelopmentofbicycleindustryB.keepingthebalanceintheeconomicraceC.forgingaheadintheeconomicraceD.independenceandself-relianceineconomicdevelopment25.單選題Factsthatmayseemlittleconsequenceatthetimemaylaterassume（）significanceatthetimewhenETSstaffmembersdecidewhetherturneractionisjustified.問題1選項A.considerableB.valuableC.importantD.extensive第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】1.from2.are3.than4.develop5.as6.for7.with8.as9.for10.the11.by12.ought13.which14.within15.While16.building17.can18.as19.of20.as【解析】1.考查固定搭配。bebanishedfrom...“放逐；把……從……驅(qū)逐、趕出”。結(jié)合句意得知正確答案為from。2.考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)上文today表示現(xiàn)在時，architectsandengineers為復(fù)數(shù)，因此填入are。3.考查固定搭配。由前文farmore+adj.可知此處表示比較級，因此填入than。4.考查動詞。根據(jù)下文theidea可知此處大意為：我們會形成一種想法。結(jié)合語境，develop最為合適。5.考查介詞。根據(jù)上下文可知，此處應(yīng)該填入介詞，并且表示一種方式，因此為as。6.考查固定搭配。designsth.forsb/sth.“設(shè)計；制圖；構(gòu)思”。7.考查介詞。根據(jù)上下文可知此處是修飾城堡的特點(diǎn)，with有“有，用……屬性的”含義。8.考查固定搭配。recognize...as...“承認(rèn)；（正式）認(rèn)可，接受，辨別”。9.考查介詞。根據(jù)上下文可知此處表示“用于……的選址”，for最為合適。10.考查冠詞。根據(jù)句意和語境可知此處缺少冠詞修飾名詞，因此填入the。11.考查搭配。根據(jù)上下文，上文表示被動語態(tài)，結(jié)合下文，此處應(yīng)填入by。12.考查固定搭配。oughtto“應(yīng)該”。13.考查定語從句。空格后是動賓搭配，缺少主語，空格前為名詞，判斷出此處是定語從句，修飾空格前的名詞并做主語。14.考查介詞。結(jié)合上下文及語境，此處用介詞作狀語，后文itswall表示地點(diǎn)。within為最佳答案。15.考查讓步狀語從句。根據(jù)上下文可知，前后文的邏輯關(guān)系為：雖然……但是……，因此while最符合。16.考查名詞。根據(jù)空格前defensive可知空格處為名詞，根據(jù)前文談及城堡，因此此處填入building合適。17.考查情態(tài)動詞。根據(jù)語境及句意，空格后為系動詞的原型be，則空格處填入情態(tài)動詞合適。18.考查固定搭配。actas“充當(dāng)；作為”。19.考查固定搭配。結(jié)合上下文，此處為ahallofjustice“法院”。20.考查介詞。空格前的or表示此處與前文的短語actas并列。2.【答案】第1題:D第2題:C第3題:B第4題:D第5題:C【解析】1.主旨大意題。閱讀全文可知，文章第一段介紹了實(shí)用主義的代表人物和思想，第二段介紹了實(shí)用主義的思想理念和側(cè)重點(diǎn)。綜合可知，D選項符合題意。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“PragmatismbecamethemostvigorousschoolofthoughtinAmericanphilosophyduringthistime,anditcontinuedtheempiricisttraditionofgroundingknowledgeonexperienceandstressingtheinductiveproceduresofexperimentalscience.”，中文翻譯為：在這一時期，實(shí)用主義成為美國哲學(xué)中最具活力的學(xué)派，它延續(xù)了以經(jīng)驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ)、強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)驗(yàn)科學(xué)的歸納過程的經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義傳統(tǒng)。因此，C項正確，譯為“實(shí)用主義延續(xù)了經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義傳統(tǒng)”。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段中“AlthoughpragmatismwaspopularforatimeinEurope,mostagreethatitepitomizedtheAmericanfaithinknow-howandpracticality,andtheequallyAmericandistrustofabstracttheoriesandideologies.”中文翻譯為：雖然實(shí)用主義在歐洲曾一度流行，但大多數(shù)人都認(rèn)為它是美國人對訣竅和實(shí)用性的信仰的概括，也是美國人對抽象理論和意識形態(tài)不信任的概括。可以推測出B選項“它體現(xiàn)了美國對訣竅和實(shí)用性的信仰”正確。4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由選項D可以定位到文章第一段中“itcontinuedtheempiricisttraditionofgroundingknowledgeonexperienceandstressingtheinductiveproceduresofexperimentalscience.”中文翻譯為：它延續(xù)了以經(jīng)驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ)、強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)驗(yàn)科學(xué)的歸納過程的經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義傳統(tǒng)?？梢缘弥狣選項“實(shí)用主義是以進(jìn)化論為基礎(chǔ)的”表述錯誤。5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)選項C可以定位到原文第一段中“JohnDewey(1859—1952),whofurtherdevelopedthepragmaticprinciplesofPeirceandJamesintoacomprehensivesystemofthoughtthathecalled'"experimentalnaturalism",or”instrumentalism.”，中文翻譯為：約翰?杜烕（1859年—1952年），他把皮爾斯和詹姆斯的實(shí)用主義原則進(jìn)一步發(fā)展成一個他稱之為“實(shí)驗(yàn)自然主義”或“工具主義”的綜合思想體系?？梢酝茰y出C選項“沒有查爾斯?皮爾策和烕廉?詹姆斯的開創(chuàng)性著作的情況下，約翰?杜威不可能形成他所謂的“實(shí)驗(yàn)性自然主義”或“工具主義”的系統(tǒng)?！闭_。3.【答案】C【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A:sound“作聲，發(fā)聲，響”；B:hum“發(fā)連續(xù)低沉的聲音（如蜜蜂、馬達(dá)的嗡嗡聲）”；C:tick“發(fā)出滴答聲”；D:ring“鳴，發(fā)出清脆響亮的聲音”。句意：麥琪躡手躡腳走過來把鐘拿走了，因?yàn)樗憛捲谧约合胨X的時候聽它滴答地響。結(jié)合此處語境，修飾的是鬧鐘聲，故C為正確答案。4.【答案】1.where2.to3.day4.to5.the6.in7.to8.which9.remains10.to11.as12.that13.of14.water15.done16.man17.his18.his19.of20.own【解析】1.考查狀語從句。此處大意為：第一次發(fā)生在水在環(huán)境中占主導(dǎo)地位的地方?？崭袂笆莿釉~，空格后為一個句子，結(jié)合句意和語境得知正確答案為where。2.考查固定搭配。achallengeto...“對……的挑戰(zhàn)”。3.考查固定搭配。由空格前“365”和空格后“calendar日歷”可知應(yīng)該填入day。4.考查固定搭配。inresponseto“對……做出反應(yīng)”。5.考查最高級。most修飾形容詞表示最高級，和the搭配。6.考查介詞。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“antiquity古代”，以及空格前為完整句子，因此填入in，表示時間。7.考查介詞。介詞to與后文動詞構(gòu)成不定式，空格前是完整的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)。8.考查定語從句?？崭袂笆敲~結(jié)構(gòu)，空格后是缺乏主語的句子，結(jié)合語境，填入which構(gòu)成定語從句。9.考查動詞。根據(jù)語法結(jié)構(gòu)，由and并列，此處應(yīng)是與commands構(gòu)成并列謂語動詞，根據(jù)后文stillpartlyinuse可知此處最佳答案為remains。10.考查固定搭配。solutionto“解決……的辦法/方法”。11.考查固定搭配。beknownas“被稱之為……”。12.考查固定搭配so...that...“如此……以致于”。13.考查詞組。muchof“大量，許多的”。14.考查名詞。根據(jù)上下文，此處大意為：水一如既往地控制著人類。15.考查現(xiàn)在完成時。此處大意為：水一如既往地控制著人類。根據(jù)句意和語境可知，應(yīng)填入done。16.考查名詞。根據(jù)后文的or和his可知應(yīng)填入man。17.考查代詞，根據(jù)前文提到hisherdsorhiscrops判斷出此處填入his。18.考查詞組。addto“增加，加強(qiáng)”。19.考查介詞。前文example和后文this表示所屬，因此填of。20.考查代詞/形容詞。根據(jù)空格前后關(guān)鍵詞inour...time，以及句意：我們自己的時代，可知此處填own“自己的；特有的”。5.【答案】A【解析】考查詞組getdowndosth./doingsth.“開始認(rèn)真注意（或?qū)Υ┠呈隆?。句意：?dāng)委員會著手討論所提出的計劃的細(xì)節(jié)時，發(fā)現(xiàn)該計劃似乎并不實(shí)際。結(jié)合句意可知A選項正確。6.【答案】A【解析】考查介詞。句意：電信的發(fā)展使人們能夠通過電視、無線電發(fā)送信息，很快，電子郵件就可以用許多信息轟炸人們。根據(jù)語境，此處表示信息發(fā)送的途徑，因此A為正確答案。7.【答案】D【解析】考查詞組。A:turndown“減少；關(guān)小”；B:turnto“求助于……”；C:turnout“結(jié)果是；關(guān)掉”；D:turnin“上交；歸還”。句意：在現(xiàn)行制度下，國有企業(yè)必須向政府上交全部利潤。根據(jù)語境可知D為正確答案。8.【答案】C【解析】考查詞組。Synchronizewith“（使）同步；（使）在時間上一致；（使）同速進(jìn)行”。句意：管弦樂隊的指揮對芭蕾舞不滿意，因?yàn)槲璧讣业奈璨脚c音樂的節(jié)奏不一致。根據(jù)語境和句意可知C為正確答案。9.【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A:variable“可變的”；B:various“各種各樣的”；C:different“不同的”；D:diverse“不同的”。句意：由這個電子設(shè)備產(chǎn)生的熱量是可變的--任意轉(zhuǎn)動一個小的操按鈕即可。根據(jù)句意，判斷出A為正確答案。10.【答案】C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:characteristics“特性，特征”；B:attributes“屬性；特性”；C:traits“人的個性，顯著的特點(diǎn)”；D:peculiarity“特性；特質(zhì)”。句意：為人慷慨是她最討人歡喜的個性。結(jié)合此處語境，C為正確答案。11.【答案】A【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。A:optimize“使最優(yōu)化；使盡可能有效”；B:maximize“最大化”；C:minimize“最小化”；D:allocate“分配”。句意：市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的最大優(yōu)勢是它能最優(yōu)化自然資源和人力的分配。結(jié)合語境，由前文談及了市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的優(yōu)勢，以及賓語“distribution分配”可知，A為正確答案。12.【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。fallasacrificeto表示“成為……的犧牲品”。句意：他生自己的氣，因?yàn)樗蔀樗拮佑薮涝挼臓奚?。結(jié)合語境，故C為正確答案。13.【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:C第4題:A第5題:C第6題:D第7題:B第8題:B第9題:D第10題:A第11題:A第12題:C第13題:D第14題:B第15題:D第16題:B第17題:C第18題:C第19題:A第20題:B【解析】1.考查邏輯詞義搭配。complicated“復(fù)雜的”;trivial“碎的，無足輕重的”；bearable“可忍受的”;convenient“方便的”。前文提及支票不受地域限制，因此，此處表達(dá)“支票對買者和賣者均很方便”，故正確答案為D。2.考查詞義搭配。valueless“無價值的”；invaluable“無價的”；valuable“有價值的”;indefinite“不確定的；無限的”。從上下文來看，最符合語境句意的選項為B。3.考查固定搭配。runarisk“冒風(fēng)險”，因此正確選項為C。4.考查固定搭配。withinone’sright“有權(quán)……；在某人的權(quán)限內(nèi)”，因此正確選項為A。5.考查邏輯搭配。ingeneral“一般來說”；attheleast“至少”；onoccasion“偶爾”；inshort“總之”。句意大概是：如果他偶爾拒絕接受支票，他也是完全有權(quán)這樣做的。從上下文來看，最符合語境句意的選項為C。6.考查固定搭配。callsth.inquestion“對……表示懷疑”，因此正確選項為D。7.考查詞義搭配。accident“事故”；experience“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”；event“重大事件”；incident“事件，事變”。haveanextremelyunpleasantexperience表示“有一次非常不愉快的經(jīng)歷”。因此最佳答案為B。8.考查詞義搭配。keepalargestockof“備有大量…的現(xiàn)貨供應(yīng)”，因此答案為B。9.考查詞義搭配。decide后可接不定式，consider后接動名詞，think后面不接不定式，conceive后不接不定式。結(jié)合語境和句意，答案為D。10.考查固定搭配。paybycheque“用支票支付”，因此正確選項為A。11.考查固定搭配。beinorder‘‘符合程序；就緒”，因此正確選項為A。12.考查副詞。largely“主要地”；mostly“主要地；通常；多半地”；exactly“恰好地；正是；精確地；正確地”；extremely“非常，極其；極端地”。根據(jù)語境及句意，C為最佳答案。13.考查詞義搭配。worthless表示“毫無價值的”。根據(jù)語篇意思，最佳選項為D。14.考查固定搭配。atanymoment“即刻，隨時”，因此正確選項為B。15.考查邏輯搭配。whether“是否；不論”；if“如果，是否”；otherwise“其他；如果不；然后；否則”；unless“除非；如果不”。本句句意：當(dāng)他起身要走的時候經(jīng)理告訴他，警察隨時會來。如果他不想招惹麻煩的話，最好在這兒待一會兒。根據(jù)語境，最佳答案為D。16.考查邏輯搭配。really“真正地，實(shí)在”；sureenough“果然，果然不出所料”；certainly“當(dāng)然，肯定，確實(shí)”；however“然而”。根據(jù)語境，最佳答案為B。17.考查詞義搭配。treatment“對待，處理”；manner“（做事情的）方法，方式”；inconvenience“不便，麻煩”；behavior“舉止，品行”。根據(jù)語境及句意，C為最佳答案。18.考查詞組。writeoff“報廢，購銷（債務(wù)）”；writeout“開出（藥方，支票等）”；copyout“抄寫”；makeout“弄懂，辨認(rèn)，開出（支票，藥方）”。根據(jù)語境及句意，C為最佳答案。19.考查慣用搭配。read此處意為“上面寫道”。根據(jù)語境及句意，A為最佳答案。20.考查邏輯搭配。Especially“特別；尤其；格外”；Fortunately“幸運(yùn)地”；Naturally“自然地”；Basically“主要地，基本上”。本句大意：很幸運(yùn)，我朋友的筆跡與詐騙犯的筆跡完全不同。聯(lián)系上下文，最佳答案為B。14.【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。orient...to…“使……適應(yīng)……”。句意：大學(xué)新生花了一段時間使自己適應(yīng)大學(xué)的新環(huán)境。根據(jù)句意，C為正確答案。15.【答案】D【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這是我們做過的最大的實(shí)驗(yàn)。此實(shí)驗(yàn)持續(xù)6小時。結(jié)合此處語境，D為正確答案。16.【答案】D【解析】考查介詞。A:asfor“至于”；B:except“除……之外”；C:besides“除……