2023年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-西安電子科技大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題薈萃帶答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-西安電子科技大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點(diǎn)真題薈萃帶答案第1卷一.綜合題(共25題)1.翻譯題Navigationcomputers,nowsoldbymostcar-makers,cost$2,000andup.Nosurprise,then,thattheyaremostoftenfoundinluxurycars,likeLexus,BMWandAudi.Butitisadevelopingtechnology—meaningpricesshouldeventuallydrop—andthemarketdoesseemtobegrowing.Evenatcurrentprices,anavigationcomputerisimpressive.Itcanguideyoufrompointtopointinmostmajorcitieswithpreciseturn-by-turndirections—spokenbyaclearhuman-soundingvoice,andwrittenonascreeninfrontofthedriver.Thecomputerworkswithanantennathattakessignalsfromnofewerthanthreeofthe24globalpositioningsystem(GPS)satellites.Bymeasuringthetimerequiredforasignaltotravelbetweenthesatellitesandtheantenna,thecar’slocationcanbepinneddownwithin100meters.Thesatellitesignals,alongwithinputsonspeedfromawheel-speedsensoranddirectionfromameter,determinethecar’spositionevenasitmoves.Thisinformationiscombinedwithamapdatabase.Streets,landmarksandpointsofinterestareincluded.Mostsystemsarebasicallyidentical.Thedifferencescomeinhardware—thewaythecomputeracceptsthedriver’srequestfordirectionsandthewayitpresentsthedrivinginstructions.Onmostsystems,adriverentersadesiredaddress,motorwayjunctionorpointofinterestviaatouchscreenordisc.ButtheLexusscreengoesastepfurther:youcanpointtoanyspotonthemapscreenandgetdirectionstoit.BMW’ssystemoffersasetofcrosshairsthatcanbemovedacrossthemap(youhaveseveralchoicesofmapscale)topickapointyou’dliketogetto.Audi’sscreencanbeswitchedtoTVreception.Eventhevoicesthatrecitethedirectionscandiffer,withbettersystemslikeBMW’sandLexus’shavingawidervocabulary.TheinstructionsareavailableinFrench,German,Spanish,DutchandItalian,aswellasEnglish.Thedrivercanalsochooseparametersfordeterminingtheroute:fastest,shortestornofreeways.2.單選題Thefallinthenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseaseisgenerally____improvementsindiet.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.attributedtoB.adjustedtoC.adaptedtoD.accustomedto3.翻譯題機(jī)器人我們正生活在一個(gè)機(jī)器人承擔(dān)許多工作的時(shí)代。機(jī)器人可以制造汽車、駕駛飛機(jī)和處理賬單。不過(guò)這些機(jī)器人并不是人形機(jī)器。它們的外形并不像我們。它們是特別制造出來(lái)代替人做某些工作的機(jī)器，可以給它們以任何適宜的外形。機(jī)器人的“腦子”是一部電腦，它能夠儲(chǔ)存指令，并能夠控制其它部件。機(jī)器人有手臂，能夠做人用手干的多種工作。例如，機(jī)器人可以在汽車裝配線上焊接車身和噴漆。使用機(jī)器人比使用工人的優(yōu)越之處是它們可以不停地長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作，它們從不疲勞，而工作的準(zhǔn)確性卻始終如一。它們可以在人無(wú)法忍受的條件下工作，如有高溫、有強(qiáng)烈的噪音或是有危險(xiǎn)射線的場(chǎng)合，隨著機(jī)器人數(shù)量的增加，它們的制造成本也會(huì)下降。盡管機(jī)器人正在迅速承擔(dān)工業(yè)中的許多工作，但要在家里做家務(wù)活卻似乎還差得很遠(yuǎn)。問(wèn)題在于即使干一半的家務(wù)活也需要有一個(gè)非常復(fù)雜、非常昂貴的機(jī)器人。4.單選題Plasticsarelighterandmore____resistantthanmetal,buttheyarenotusuallystrong.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.contractionB.collisionC.corrosionD.corruption5.單選題Ifyoucannotattendthemeeting,pleasefindsomeoneto____foryou.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.replaceB.substituteC.displaceD.misplace6.翻譯題中國(guó)具有數(shù)倍于法國(guó)（France）那么大的面積（area）。7.單選題____effortsareneededinordertofinishimportantbutunpleasanttasks.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.ConsecutiveB.CondensedC.PerpetualD.Persistent8.單選題Eightypercentofmotherscradletheir____intheirleftarms,holdingthemagainsttheleftsideoftheirbodies.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.infantsB.hosesC.handkerchiefsD.fences9.單選題Underthepresentsystem,stateenterprisesmust____allprofitstothegovernment.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.turndownB.turnupC.turnoutD.turnin10.單選題Thenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7-8hours’sleepalternationwithsome16-17hours’wakefulnessandthatthesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasilyandtowhatextentthiscyclecanbemodified.Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Theeasewithwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisa（1）ofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.Itnormally（2）fromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoa（3）routineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight.（4）,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek.Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoanother,（5）muchofhistimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingvery（6）.Oneanswerwouldseemtobe（7）periodsoneachshift,amonth,oreventhreemonths.（8）,recentresearchhasshownthatpeopleonsuchsystemswillreverttogobacktotheir（9）habitsofsleepandwakefulnessduringtheweekendandthatthisisquiteenoughtodestroyanyadaptationtonightworkbuiltupduringtheweek.Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttothosepermanentnightworkerswhose（10）maypersistthroughallweekendsandholidays.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.problemB.difficultyC.troubleD.matter問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.takesB.spendsC.demandsD.asks問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.formerB.returnedC.reversedD.regular問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.ThereforeB.UnfortunatelyC.InawordD.Incomparison問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.thoughB.sothatC.whileD.as問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)A.efficientlyB.goodC.easilyD.happily問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)A.shorterB.betterC.longerD.nicer問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)A.SoB.InshortC.SimilarlyD.However問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)A.newB.normalC.temporaryD.favorite問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)A.wakefulnessB.sleepC.preferenceD.habit11.單選題“I’venevermetahumanworthcloning,”sayscloningexpertMarkWesthusinfromhislabatTexasA&MUniversity.“It’sastupidendeavor.”That’saninterestingchoiceofadjective,comingfromamanwhohasspentmillionsofdollarstryingtoclonea13-year-olddognamedMissy.Sofar,heandhisteamhavenotsucceeded,thoughtheyhaveclonedtwocowsandexpecttocloneacatsoon.TheyjustmightsucceedincloningMissysoon—orperhapsnotforanotherfiveyears.Itseemsthereproductivesystemofman’sbestfriendisoneofthemysteriesofmodernscience.Westhusin’sexperiencewithcloninganimalsleaveshimupsetbyallthistalkofhumancloning.InthreeyearsofworkontheMissyproject,usinghundredsuponhundredsofdog’seggs,theA&MteamhasproducedonlyadozenorsoembryoscarryingMissy’sDNA.Nonehavesurvivedthetransfertoasurrogatemother.Thewastageofeggsandthemanyspontaneouslyabortedfetusesmaybeacceptablewhenyou’redealingwithcatsorbulls,heargues,butnotwithhumans.“Cloningisincrediblyinefficient,andalsodangerous,”hesays.Evenso,dogcloningisacommercialopportunity,withaniceresearchpayoff.EversinceDollythesheepwasclonedin1997,Westhusin’sphonehasbeenringingwithpeoplecallinginhopesofduplicatingtheircatsanddogs,cattleandhorses.“Alotofpeoplewanttoclonepets,especiallyifthepriceisright,”saysWesthusin.CostisnoobstacleforMissy’smysteriousbillionaireowner;he’sputup$3.7millionsofartofundA&M’sresearch.Contrarytosomemediareports,Missyisnotdead.TheownerwantsatwintocarryonMissy’sfinequalitiesaftershedoesdie.Theprototypeis,byallaccounts,athletic,good-naturedandsuper-smart.Missy’smasterdoesnotexpectanexactcopyofher.Heknowsherclonemaynothavehertemperament.Inastatementofpurpose,Missy’sownerandtheA&Mteamsaytheyare“bothlookingforwardtostudyingthewaysthatherclonesdifferfromMissy.”Besidescloningagreatdog,theprojectmaycontributeinsightintotheoldquestionofnaturevsnurture.Itcouldalsoleadtothecloningofspecialrescuedogsandmanyendangeredanimals.However,Westhusiniscautiousabouthiswork.Heknowsthatevenifhegetsadogpregnant,theoffspring,shouldtheysurvive,willfacetheproblemsshownatbirthbyotherclonedanimals:abnormalitieslikeimmaturelungsandheartandweightproblems.“Whywouldyoueverwanttoclonehumans,”Westhusinasks,“whenwe’renotevenclosetogettingitworkedoutinanimalsyet?”1.By“stupidendeavor”(Para.1),Westhusinmeanstosaythat____.2.WhatdoesthefirstparagraphtellusaboutWesthusin’sdogcloningproject?3.BycloningMissy,MarkWesthusinhopesto____.4.Welearnfromthepassagethatanimalclonesarelikelytohave____.5.Itcanbeseenthatpresentcloningtechniques____.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.animalcloningisnotworththeeffortatallB.animalcloningisabsolutelyimpracticalC.humancloningshouldbedoneselectivelyD.humancloningisafoolishundertaking問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.Itssuccessisalreadyinsight.B.Itsoutcomeremainsuncertain.C.Itisdoomedtoutterfailure.D.Itisprogressingsmoothly.問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.studythepossibilityofcloninghumansB.searchforwaystomodifyitstemperamentC.examinethereproductivesystemofthedogspeciesD.findoutthedifferencesbetweenMissyanditsclones問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.abadtemperB.immunedeficiencyC.defectiveorgansD.anabnormalshape問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.stillhavealongwaytogobeforereachingmaturityB.havebeenwidelyusedinsavingendangeredspeciesC.provideinsightintothequestionofnaturevs.nurtureD.haveprovedquiteadequateforthecloningofhumans12.單選題Therearesomeearthphenomenayoucancounton,butthemagneticfield,somedayisnotofthem.Itfluctuatesinstrength,driftsfromitsaxis,andeveryfew100,000yearsundergo,dramaticpolarityreversal—aperiodwhennorthpolebecomessouthpoleandsouthpolebecomesnorthpole.Buthowisthefieldgenerated,andwhyisitsounstable?GroundbreakingresearchbytwoFrenchgeophysicistspromisestoshedsomelightonthemystery.Using80metersofdeepseasediment(沉淀物)core,theyhaveobtainedmeasurementsofmagnetic-fieldintensitythatspan11polarityreversalsandfourmillionyears.Theanalysisrevealsthatintensityappearstofluctuatewithaclear,well-definedrhythm.Althoughthestrengthofthemagneticfieldvariesirregularlyduringtheshortterm,thereseemstobeaninevitablelongtermdeclineprecedingeachpolarityreversal.Whenthepolesflip—aprocessthattakesseveralhundredthousandyears—themagneticfieldrapidlyregainsitsstrengthandthecycleisrepeated.Theresultshavecausedastiramonggeophysicists.Themagneticfieldisthoughttooriginatefrommolten(熔化的)ironintheoutercore,3,000kilometersbeneaththeearth’ssurface.Bystudyingmineralgrainsfoundinmaterialrangingfromrockstoclayarticles,previousresearchershavealreadybeenabletoidentifyreversalsdatingback170millionyears,includingthemostrecentswitch730,000yearsago.Howandwhytheyoccur,however,hasbeenwidelydebated.Severaltheorieslinkpolarityflipstoexternaldisasterssuchasmeteorimpacts.ButPeterOlson,ageophysicistattheJohnsHopkinsUniversityinBaltimore,saysthisisunlikelyiftheFrenchresearchersareright.Infact,Olsonsaysintensitythatpredictablydeclinesfromonereversaltothenextcontradicts90percentofthemodelscurrentlyunderstudy.Iftheresultsprovetobevalid,geophysicistswillhaveanewtheorytoguidethemintheirquesttounderstandtheearth’sinnerphysics.Itcertainlypointsthedirectionforfutureresearch.1.Whichofthefollowingtitlesismostappropriatetothepassage?2.Theword“flip”(Para.2)mostprobablymeans____.3.WhathavethetwoFrenchgeophysicistsdiscoveredintheirresearch?4.TheFrenchgeophysicists’studyisdifferentfromcurrentlyprevailingtheoriesin____.5.InPeterOlson’sopiniontheFrenchexperiment____.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.PolarityReversal:AFantasticPhenomenonofNatureB.MeasurementoftheEarth’sMagnetic-FieldIntensityC.FormationoftheTwoPolesoftheEarthD.ANewApproachtothestudyofGeophysics問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.declineB.intensifyC.fluctuateD.reverse問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.Someregularityinthechangesoftheearth’smagneticfield.B.Somecausesofthefluctuationoftheearth’smagneticfield.C.Theoriginoftheearth’smagneticfield.D.Thefrequencyofpolarityreversals.問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.itsidentificationoftheoriginoftheearth’smagneticfieldB.thewaytheearth’smagneticintensityismeasuredC.itsexplanationoftheshiftintheearth’spolarityD.thewaytheearth’sfluctuationrhythmisdefined問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.islikelytodirectfurtherresearchintheinnerphysicsoftheearthB.hassuccessfullysolvedthemysteryofpolarityreversalsC.iscertaintohelppredictexternaldisastersD.hascausedgreatconfusionamongtheworld’sgeophysicists13.翻譯題美國(guó)人民非常欽佩中國(guó)幾千年來(lái)在人類文化、宗教、哲學(xué)、藝術(shù)、科學(xué)和技術(shù)等領(lǐng)域做出的貢獻(xiàn)。我們銘記著第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間兩國(guó)的牢固伙伴關(guān)系?，F(xiàn)在我們看到中國(guó)處在這樣一個(gè)歷史時(shí)刻：你們目前氣勢(shì)磅礴的改革和更加美好的未來(lái)是可以和輝煌的往昔相提并論的。僅僅三十年前，中國(guó)基本上與世隔絕，現(xiàn)在中國(guó)參加了從航空領(lǐng)域到農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的一千多個(gè)國(guó)際組織，影響遍及國(guó)家的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。你們已經(jīng)較大地開放了貿(mào)易和投資領(lǐng)域。今天有四萬(wàn)年輕的中國(guó)學(xué)生在美國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)，另外還有幾十萬(wàn)人在亞洲、非洲、歐洲和拉丁美洲學(xué)習(xí)。你們?cè)诮?jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的改變過(guò)程中表現(xiàn)十分突出，你們從封閉的、指令性的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制過(guò)渡到蓬勃發(fā)展的、依靠市場(chǎng)力量的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制。近20年來(lái)，這種經(jīng)濟(jì)取得前所未有的增長(zhǎng)。人們有更多的自由在國(guó)內(nèi)外旅行；人們可以選舉自己的村長(zhǎng)；可以擁有自己的房子；可以選擇自己的職業(yè)和上更好的學(xué)校。這樣，你們使上億人民脫貧，人均收入在過(guò)去十年里翻了一番多，今天中國(guó)人民所過(guò)的生活是他們過(guò)去二十年來(lái)根本想象不到的。當(dāng)然這些變化也打亂了一成不變的生活工作方式，也給環(huán)境造成極大的負(fù)擔(dān)。過(guò)去，每一個(gè)城市公民都保證在國(guó)有企業(yè)有份工作，現(xiàn)在必須競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。過(guò)去，工人只需要滿足中央計(jì)劃安排的要求?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)入全球經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代，這意味著你們必須和全世界的質(zhì)量和創(chuàng)造性相競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。在短期內(nèi)，那些有能力的勤勞的人，至少有一部分也將會(huì)失業(yè)。正如你們所看到的，過(guò)去的20年的發(fā)展模式和能源使用模式，使中國(guó)在環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)、保健方面付出了巨大的代價(jià)：空氣污染、樹木減少、酸雨、水資源短缺。面對(duì)這些挑戰(zhàn)，必須制定新的培訓(xùn)和社會(huì)保障制度體系。引進(jìn)新的環(huán)保政策和技術(shù)，一方面使經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，另一方面改善環(huán)境。14.單選題Iamfeelingtootiredtodriveanymore,willyou____?問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.turnoverB.takeoverC.handoverD.goover15.翻譯題Nowzoomforwardtoourpresenttimeandthinkofourpre-Internetcommunicationsystemsassortsofprotozoa(原生動(dòng)物).Whatwe’rewitnessingtodayintherealmofcyberspace—theonlinereformulationofeverythingfromthewayweplayandlearntohowweshopandtradestocksmayrepresentnolessaworldtransformingchangethanthespectacularburstofcreationsolongago.Onenotabledifference:theprimevalorganismsdidnothaveaguidebooktoinformthemaboutwhattoexpectandhowtodealwithsomeofthefabulousthingstocome.Wedo,intherecentlyreleasedNewRulesfortheNewEconomybyKevinKelly,afoundingeditorofWiredmagazine.“Thekeypremiseofthisbookisthattheprinciplesgoverningtheworldofthesoft—theworldofintangibles,ofmedia,ofsoftware,andofservices—willsooncommandtheworldofthehard—theworldofreality,ofatoms,ofobjects,ofsteelandoil,andthehardworkdonebythesweatofbrows.”Kellywrites.“Drivingthiseconomictransformationisthecombinationofshrinkingcomputersandexpandingcommunications,”hesays,“Wehaveseenonlythebeginningsoftheanxiety,loss,excitement,andgainsthatmanypeoplewillexperienceasourworldshiftstoanewhighlytechnicalplanetaryeconomy.”Doesthatsoundliketechnohype?It’sbarelyatasteoftheradicalandoftencounterintuitive“rules”thatKellydishesout.Heemploysanaphoristic(格言的)and,well,wiredstylethatwilleasilyappealtogeeksandshouldalsoturnonanymainstreamreaderswhoarealittlemorethancuriousaboutwherethedigitallyrenderedworldisheaded.Whereit’slikelyheaded,inKelly’swords,is“upsidedown”.Chew,forexample,ontheideathat“thesurestwaytosmartnessisthroughmassivedumbness”.Whatthatmeansinessenceisthattinycomputerchips,thoughrelatively“dumb”ontheirown,canbeaddedtobillionsofmundaneobjectsand,thereby,yieldsubstantialeconomicbenefits.Suchasrealtimebuyingpatternsoneverythingfromshirtstosodacans.Intheconventionalworldofsupplyanddemandwhereweallgrewup,valuecamefromscarcity.Asin,diamonds,goldandoil.Inaworldofdigitalimperatives,asKellycorrectlypointsout,“powercomesfromabundance.”ThatwasaprinciplethatAppletragicallyfailedtounderstandwhenitbackedofffromlicensingitsgraphiccomputerinterface,assuringthatitsmarketsharewouldbesavagedbyMicrosoft’smoreopenWindowsoperatingsystem,whichleadsustoanotherofKelly’shardwiredlaws:followthefree.Intheuniverseofatoms,asaresourceisconsumeditbecomesmoreexpensivetoproduce.Asgoldismined,nuggets(天然金塊)atfirstmaybeeasy,andthereforecheap,tofind.Butwhenparticlesoforemustbesqueezedoutoftonsofrock,thepriceofgoldbecomesmoredear.ButinwhatKellyterms“theneworder”,thelawofplentitudekicksin,leadingasavvycompanysuchasNetscapetodistributeitsWebbrowserforfreeinordertosellauxiliaryservicesorproducts.Similarly,expensivecellphonesareofferedasfreebies(免費(fèi)的東西)togaincontractsforphoneservices.Finally,Kellytellsustolookaroundandseehowmuchtheworldhasalreadychangedunderourveryfeet.AnAmericanfarmertoday,forinstance,maystillgetsomedirtunderhisfingernails,butmuchofhislaborisperformedundertheumbrellaoftheelectronicnetwork.ThecabinhistractorhasawirelessphoneandasatellitelinkedGPSlocationdevice;hishomecomputerisconnectedtoaneverendingstreamofweatherdata,grainmarketreportsandmoisturedetectorsinthesoil.NewRulesfortheNewEconomysuggeststhatwemightevenlearnsomethingfromthosepluckylifeformsthatexplodedonthesceneahalfbillionyearsago.“Thequalitiesneededtosucceedinthenetworkeconomycanbereducedtothis:afacilityforchargingintotheunknown.”16.翻譯題即使在麥哲倫號(hào)航天器（Magellan）還未看穿金星（Venus）的云層覆蓋之前，天文學(xué)家（astronomer）便很有把握地相信金星上沒(méi)有水。金星的表面很熱，至少有450攝氏度。它的溫度超過(guò)了水星（Mercury），你也許認(rèn)為水星會(huì)比金星熱，因?yàn)樗x太陽(yáng)更近。然而，水星沒(méi)有保溫的大氣層。金星大氣層中的二氧化碳（Carbondioxide）把太陽(yáng)的熱量保留了下來(lái)。這和溫室能夠保存太陽(yáng)的熱量好讓植物生長(zhǎng)類似。太陽(yáng)的光線能夠穿過(guò)云層到達(dá)金星表面，但其熱量卻無(wú)法逃逸。天文學(xué)家們懂得,水在如此熾熱的環(huán)境下是無(wú)法以液體的形式存在的。然而，它附近的兩顆行星——地球和火星（Mars）——卻存在著水或冰。金星過(guò)去是否也曾有過(guò)水？麥哲倫號(hào)航天器發(fā)回的照片沒(méi)有提供曾有水存在的跡象。金星的表面有很多像河一樣的長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的紋路，有些長(zhǎng)達(dá)數(shù)百公里。但這些紋路似乎是熔巖（meltedrock）造成的，而不是水造成的。金星上沒(méi)有古海洋的跡象，也沒(méi)有山巒被水沖刷的痕跡。一位天文學(xué)家說(shuō)，金星太熱，水星太冷，而地球恰好適合水的存在。?17.單選題Onlyonemoreweekandthecontractwill____.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.runoutB.bringaboutC.putthroughD.carryon18.單選題JoyceCarolOatespublishedherfirstcollectionofshortstoriesByTheNorthGates,in1963,twoyearsaftershehadreceivedherMaster’sdegreefromtheUniversityofWisconsinandbecomeaninstructorofEnglishattheUniversityofDetroit.Herlineproductivitysincethenhasbeenprodigious,accumulatinginlessthantwodecadestonearlythirtytitles,includingnovels,collectionsofshortstoriesandverse,plays,andliterarycriticism.Inthemeantime,shehascontinuedtoteach,movingin1967fromtheUniversityofDetroittotheUniversityofWindsor,inOntario,andin1978toPrincetonUniversity.Reviewershaveadmiredherenormousenergy,butfindaproductivityofsuchmagnitudedifficulttoassess.InaperiodcharacterizedbytheabandonmentofsomuchoftherealistictraditionbyauthorssuchasJohnBarth,DonaldBarthelme,andThomasPynchon,JoyceCarolOateshasseemedattimesdeterminedlyold-fashionedinherinsistenceontheessentiallymimeticqualityofherfiction.Hersisaworldofviolence,insanity,fracturedlove,andhopelessloneliness.Althoughsomeofitappearstocomefromherowndirectobservations,herdreams,andherfears,muchmoreisclearlyformtheexperienceofothers.Herfirstnovel,WithShudderingFall(1964),dealtwithstockcarracing,thoughshehadneverseenarace.InThem(1969)shefocusedonDetroitfromtheDepressionthroughtheriotsof1967,drawingmuchofhermaterialfromtheDepressionmadeonherbytheproblemsofoneofherstudents.Whateverthesourceandhowevershockingtheeventsorthemotivations,however,herfictiveworldremainsstrikinglyakintothatrealonereflectedinthedailynewspapers,thetelevisionnewsandtalkshows,andthepopularmagazinesofourday.1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?2.WhichofthefollowingdoesthepassageindicateaboutJoyceCarolOates’sfirstpublication?3.WhichofthefollowingdoesthepassagesuggestaboutJoyceCarolOatesintermsofherwritingcareer?4.WhatwasthesubjectofJoyceCarolOates’sfirstnovel?5.WhichofthefollowingwouldJoyceCarolOatesbemostlikelytowrite?問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.ToreviewOates’sBytheNorthGate.B.Tocomparesomemodernwriters.C.TodescribeOates’schildhood.D.TooutlineOates’scareer.問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.Itwaspartofhermaster’sthesis.B.Itwasavolumeofshortfiction.C.Itwasnotsuccessful.D.ItwasaboutanEnglishinstructorinDetroit.問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.Shehasexperiencedlongnonproductiveperiodsinherwriting.B.Herstyleisimitativeofothercontemporaryauthors.C.Shehasproducedasurprisingamountoffictionsinarelativeshorttime.D.Mostofherworkisbasedonpersonalexperience.問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.Loneliness.B.Insanity.C.Teaching.D.Racing.問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.Astorywithanunhappyending.B.Aromancenovelsetinthenineteenthcentury.C.Asciencefictionnovel.D.Adialogueforatalkshow.19.單選題

Hisremarksfinally____methatIhadmadetherightdecision.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.assuredB.ensuredC.reassuredD.insured20.單選題

Dr.Johnsonwasgrantedanhonoredtitlein____ofhisvaluableworkforthecollege.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.advancementB.acquisitionC.announcementD.acknowledgement21.翻譯題這是一只如此靈敏的（sensitive）安培表（ammeter）以至于它能測(cè)出電流的微弱變化。22.單選題Isuggestweputtheschemeintoeffect,foritisquite____.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.eligibleB.sustainableC.probableD.feasible23.單選題Eachboyandeachgirl____orderedtoleavetheclassroom.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.wasB.wereC.hasD.have24.單選題Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion—aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,neitheranxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbondsamongmembersorgroups.Society’seconomicunderpinnings(支柱)wouldbedestroyed:sincetherewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.True,weconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsare“good”andothersare“bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife—fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyexploitsouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyalty,morality,pride,shame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself,itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievementssuchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalandpenal(刑法的)systemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat____.2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey____.3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton____.4.Emotionsaresignificantforman’ssurvivalandadaptationbecause____.5.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey____.問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjectsB.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothemC.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutloveD.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)A.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayaliveB.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanotherC.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthingD.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)A.theabilitytomakemoneyB.thewilltoworkforpleasureC.thecapacitytoenjoyincentivesD.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjectsB.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintainedC.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievementsD.theygeneratemorelovethanhateamongpeople問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofitB.encourageustoperformimportanttasksC.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystemD.helpusadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingus25.翻譯題香港坐落在中國(guó)南端的一個(gè)彈丸小島上，在日趨全球化的經(jīng)濟(jì)中，香港正起著一個(gè)非常重要的角色。第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)汽車制造商出售的導(dǎo)航電腦價(jià)值都在2000美元或以上，因此它們大多用于一些豪華車內(nèi)，如雷克薩斯，寶馬和奧迪，也是不足為奇的事。但它是一種發(fā)展中的技術(shù)——這意味著價(jià)格最終將下降——市場(chǎng)看來(lái)定將擴(kuò)大。即使就當(dāng)前的價(jià)格而言，導(dǎo)航電腦也足以令人動(dòng)心。它通過(guò)建議路線規(guī)劃提示指引你在大多數(shù)重要城市里由此地去彼地。這些指示可以模擬清晰的真人發(fā)音，并書寫在駕駛者面前的屏幕上。該電腦通過(guò)一根天線工作。這根天線至少能夠接收到24家全球定位衛(wèi)星中的3家。通過(guò)計(jì)算衛(wèi)星與天線之間信號(hào)傳播所需的時(shí)間，汽車的位置可被確定在100米的誤差范圍之內(nèi)。衛(wèi)星信號(hào)，連同車速傳感器提供的車速數(shù)據(jù)和定向儀提供的方向一起確定出車子的位置，哪怕它處于移動(dòng)當(dāng)中。這些信息同一個(gè)地圖數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)相結(jié)合，街道、路標(biāo)或名勝之地都被包括在該數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)之中。大多數(shù)導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)基本都是相同的。區(qū)別之處在于硬件的不同，即電腦接受駕駛者詢問(wèn)方向的指令和它提供指示的方式不同。在多數(shù)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)，駕駛者通過(guò)觸摸屏或光盤輸入某個(gè)目的地地址，高速公路的交匯口，或名勝之處。但是雷克薩斯車的屏幕則更勝一籌：你能夠指向屏幕地圖的任何一點(diǎn)并獲得到達(dá)該地點(diǎn)的指示。根據(jù)德國(guó)寶馬的系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)，地圖上有一個(gè)可以移動(dòng)的瞄準(zhǔn)十字紋（有幾種地圖比例供選擇）。你想去哪里，就可以選定哪里。而奧迪車的屏幕可以轉(zhuǎn)換為電視接受器。像寶馬和雷克薩斯這樣的車，其更為出色的定位系統(tǒng)所儲(chǔ)存的詞匯量更大，甚至其復(fù)述指令的聲音也可以不同。這些指令除可以英語(yǔ)發(fā)音外，還可以使用法語(yǔ)、德語(yǔ)、西班牙語(yǔ)、荷蘭語(yǔ)和意大利語(yǔ)發(fā)音。駕駛者還可以通過(guò)設(shè)置參數(shù)來(lái)決定路線，比如說(shuō)最快、最短、或不走高速公路的路線。2.【答案】A【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】A.attributedto歸因于；被認(rèn)為是……所為B.adjustedto調(diào)節(jié)；調(diào)整以適應(yīng)C.adaptedto適合；適應(yīng)于D.accustomedto習(xí)慣于【答案】A【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析?！窘忸}思路】句意：心臟病死亡人數(shù)的下降通常……飲食的改善。根據(jù)邏輯，因?yàn)轱嬍车母纳?，所以心臟病的死亡人數(shù)會(huì)下降。由此可知，心臟病死亡人數(shù)下降是由于飲食的改善也就是歸因于飲食的改善。因此選A?！靖蓴_項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均無(wú)法與空格前后構(gòu)成相應(yīng)邏輯關(guān)系。【句意】心臟病死亡人數(shù)的下降通常歸因于飲食的改善。3.【答案】Robot4.【答案】C【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】A.contraction收縮；縮小B.collision碰撞；沖突C.corrosion腐蝕；侵蝕D.corruption腐??；墮落【答案】C【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析?！窘忸}思路】句意：塑料比金屬更輕，更耐……，但它們通常不堅(jiān)固。由常識(shí)可知大部分塑料的抗腐蝕能力強(qiáng)，因此選C選項(xiàng)?！靖蓴_項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)contraction“收縮；縮小”，根據(jù)常識(shí)可知塑料遇熱易收縮，不符合句意。B選項(xiàng)collision“碰撞；沖突”，主要指碰撞（或相撞）事故，不符合句意。D選項(xiàng)corruption“腐敗；墮落”不符合句意?！揪湟狻克芰媳冉饘俑p，更耐腐蝕，但通常不堅(jiān)固。5.【答案】B【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】A.replace取代B.substitute代替C.displace取代；替代D.misplace隨意擱置；亂放【答案】B【考查點(diǎn)】固定搭配?！窘忸}思路】substitutefor意為“代替；取代”。由句意“如果你不能參加會(huì)議，請(qǐng)找人……你。”可知該搭配符合句意，意為“如果你不能參加會(huì)議，請(qǐng)找人代替你。”因此選A?！靖蓴_項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)replace“取代”，replacefor意為“將……取代成……”，不符合語(yǔ)境；C選項(xiàng)displace“取代；替代”，不與for搭配；D選項(xiàng)misplace“隨意擱置；亂放”不符合語(yǔ)境?！揪湟狻咳绻悴荒軈⒓訒?huì)議，請(qǐng)找人代替你。6.【答案】TheareaofChinaisseveraltimesthesizeofthatofFrance.7.【答案】D【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】A.Consecutive連續(xù)不斷的B.Condensed濃縮的C.Perpetual長(zhǎng)久的；終身的D.Persistent執(zhí)著的；不屈不撓的；堅(jiān)持不懈的【答案】D【考查點(diǎn)】形容詞辨析。【解題思路】句意：為了完成重要但不愉快的任務(wù)，需要……努力。這里強(qiáng)調(diào)不愉快但是重要的任務(wù)，因此需要一種堅(jiān)持的努力。D選項(xiàng)指不顧困難執(zhí)意做某事，在這里符合語(yǔ)境。因此選D?！靖蓴_項(xiàng)排除】A選項(xiàng)Consecutive“連續(xù)不斷的”，指一個(gè)接一個(gè)，連續(xù)不斷，沒(méi)有中斷。而句中強(qiáng)調(diào)的是堅(jiān)持做不愉快但重要的事情，該選項(xiàng)不是最佳選項(xiàng)；B選項(xiàng)Condensed“濃縮的”，該選項(xiàng)不符合句意；D選項(xiàng)Perpetual“長(zhǎng)久的；終身的”，該選項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)境。【句意】為了完成重要但不愉快的任務(wù)，需要堅(jiān)持不懈的努力。8.【答案】A【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】A.infants嬰兒；幼兒B.hoses（滅火、澆花等用的）橡皮管C.handkerchiefs手帕D.fences柵欄；籬笆【答案】A【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析?！窘忸}思路】句意：80%的母親把……抱在左胳膊里，抱在身體的左側(cè)。根據(jù)句意，主語(yǔ)是母親，且是母親把……抱在左胳膊里，由此可知應(yīng)該是把她們的孩子抱在左胳膊里。因此選A。【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合句意?！揪湟狻?0%的母親用左臂抱著嬰兒，讓他們靠在自己身體的左側(cè)。9.【答案】D【解