2023年高考模擬題

2023高考模擬題(五)1.―Mom，JacktoldmehewouldntprepareusanygiftsforthiscomingChristmas.

―.

A.ItsadateB.Whowants

C.ItsnotbigdealD.Hehasnosense

2.SuchsingersasLiJianwidelypopular，ofwhosesongs，however，somedifficulttosing.

A.are；areB.is；is

C.are；isD.is；are

3.Tothetraditionalengineofgrowth，wewillfocusonincreasingthesupplyofpublicgoodsandservices.

A.transportB.transmit

C.transformD.translate

4.ThecountrysPrimeMinistersOfficesaidonWednesdaythatPrimeMinisterLeeKuanYewremainsillintheICUandhishealthhasworsenedfurther.

A.consciouslyB.critically

C.cruciallyD.confidentially

5.Therisingtideoftradeisgoodnewsforpeoplewhoworkintradesensitivebusiness，especiallythosethatproducecommoditiesglobaldemandsetstheprice―agriculturalgoods，metals，oil.

A.whereB.that

C.onwhichD.forwhich

6.Toaccomplishourgoals，weaggressiveanddiligentintheirdailyworkoverthepastyear，theprincipalsaid.

A.hadbeenB.havebeen

C.wereD.are

7.ChinaandCanadajustreachedanagreementongrantingvisastoeachotherscitizens，withtheperiodofupto10years，F(xiàn)oreignMinisterWangYisaidhereSunday.

A.vacancyB.facility

C.facultyD.validity

8.Whilenotwishingtoappearimpolite，IaskyoutoleavesothatIcanmakeaprivatetelephonecall.

A.shouldB.must

C.couldD.might

9.Mostmenarentborngreat―theybecomegreat.，noteveryoneistheenthusiastictypethatfallsinlovewiththeirwork.

A.AdditionallyB.Admittedly

C.SimilarlyD.Generally

10.alongseveralcityblocksisarowoftrees，theirleavesturningabrilliantyellownowthatsummerisover.

A.ExtendingB.Beingextended

C.TobeextendedD.Extended

11.ThepressnotedthatChinahasentereda“newnormal”phasecharacterizedbymediumhighlevelgrowthbreakneckgrowthofpreviousyears.

A.morethanB.otherthan

C.betterthanD.ratherthan

12.PresidentXiJinpingexpressedhisgratitudetothepublicfortheirsupport，sayingthatwithoutit，“wecouldnothaveachievedanythingandImustgiveourgreatpeople”.

A.thebottomlineB.athumbsup

C.abigdealD.ringabell13.Ourmonitorcouldnthelpthinkinghewaswhentheheadteacheraskedhimforsomeadviceonhowtostrengthenclassmanagement.

A.somethingB.anything

C.anybodyD.everybody

14.Yoursistermaynottakeyouradviceseriouslyifyoudonotitwithawarning.

A.uniteB.concern

C.accompanyD.equip

15.Wedbetteralltheadvantagesanddisadvantagesbeforewecometothefinaldecision.

A.makeupB.putup

C.addupD.pickup

22bypopularsciencebooksthatIfoundinthelocallibrary.Iwas23tobooksbySirJamesJeans.Therewerenoparticular24whoinfluencedmychoiceof25andIespeciallyliketheareasinwhichIhaveworkedbecauseit26mathematicsandmanyscientificdisciplines，physics，chemistryandthelifescience.

16.A.luckB.surprise

C.fascinationD.interest

17.A.layB.placed

C.liedD.located

18.A.recognizeB.relate

C.recallD.retell

19.A.materialsB.exhibits

C.stuffD.displays

20.A.operateB.work

C.functionD.deal

21.A.featuresB.characters

C.dataD.application

22.A.StimulatedB.Raised

C.ArisenD.Taken23.A.absorbedB.addicted

C.possessedD.attracted

24.A.colleagueB.classmates

C.individualsD.partners

25.A.jobsB.profession

C.fieldsD.behaviors

26.A.containsB.fills

C.consistsD.includes

27.A.artisticB.famous

C.scientificD.romantic

28.A.goodB.fine

C.specialD.professional

29.A.seldomB.not

C.neverD.scarcely

30.A.subjectiveB.supportive

C.favorableD.agreeable

31.A.tooB.rather

C.stillD.also

32.A.supplyB.want

C.demandD.desire

33.A.setB.chosen

C.decidedD.given

34.A.affordedB.supported

C.givenD.accessed

35.A.appearedB.made

C.producedD.grew

A

Oneofthemanycrimesthatclimatescientistshavebeenaccusedoflatelyisthattheyclaimabsolutecertaintyinafieldofresearchfraughtwithuncertainty.Sure，theplanetiswarming，sayskeptics，butthatshappenedthroughoutEarthshistory，longbeforehumanswereburningfossilfuels.So，howcanwebesurethisisntjustanaturalphenomenon？

Yetasearchshowsthatabsolutecertaintyisnotablyabsent.Inthemostrecentdocument，forexample，publishedin2023，theauthorswrite：“Mostoftheobservedincreaseinglobalaveragetemperaturessincethemid20thcenturyisverylikelyduetotheobservedincreaseinanthropogenic（人為的）GHG（thatis，humangeneratedgreenhousegas）concentrations.”

Ifthatdoesntsounddefinitive，itsbecause，astheauthorsfreelyadmit，itisnt：climatesciencecontinuestoevolveasnewevidencecomesin.Indeed，backin2023，evenbeforethelatestIPCC（IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange）reportwascomplete，researchersinBritainwerealreadyplanningtolaunchanupdate.LedbytheU.K.sMetOffice，theupdate，publishedMarch5inthejournalWileyInterdisciplinaryReviews：ClimateChange，isbasedonmorethan100peerreviewedpostIPCCstudies.Thenewdatamayshifttheevidenceforclimatechange，butnoneofitweakenswhattheIPCCsaidthreeyearsago.

Bylookingatawiderangeofobservationsfromallovertheworld，theMetOfficestudyconcludesthatthefingerprintofhumaninfluenceonclimateisstrongerthanever.Plentyoftheseclimateeffectshadalreadybeenobservedatthetimeofthe2023IPCCreport，includingwarmingtemperatures，shiftsinrainfall（wetregionsgettingwetter，dryregionsgettingdrier）andtheincreaseinsummermeltbackofArcticseaice.Thosepatternshavecontinued，andinsomecasesgottenworse.Someentirelynewobservationshavebeenrecordedaswell.Inits2023report，theIPCCdidnotincludetheimpactofGreenlandsorAntarcticasmeltingglaciersinitsestimateoffuturesealevelrise，sayingitlackedsufficientdata.Butnowthespeedupofflowfromtheseglaciershasbeendocumented.AndwhiletheIPCCnotedin2023thateverycontinenthadwarmedthroughoutthe20thcenturyexceptAntarctica，thatcontinenthasnowbeenshowntobewarmingaswell―verylikelyduetomanmadeinfluences，saysaclimatescientist.

36.Bysaying“...theyclaimabsolutecertaintyinafieldofresearchfilledwithuncertainty（Line23，Para.1）”，theauthormeansthatsomepeoplemaythink.

A.climatescientistsshouldbeaccusedfortheirwrongtheory

B.theresearchonclimatechangecantanswerpeoplesquestion

C.thereasonforclimatechangecantbeexplainedwithcertainty

D.theclimatechangecausedbyglobalwarmingissuretohappen

37.Whatcanwelearnfromthemostrecentdocument？

A.Humanbehaviorsshouldberesponsibleforthetemperatureincrease.

B.Therisingtemperaturesaffecttheobservationofthegreenhousegas.

C.Itiscertainthatglobalwarmingwillhappeninthenearfuture.

D.Itissomewhatcomplicatedtoexplainthereasonsforglobalwarming.

38.TheupdatebeforethecompletionoftheIPCCreportmentionedinthispassageisto.

A.demonstratethatevidencealwayscomesupquickly

B.provethatclimatescienceisnotstatic

C.showthatitiseasiertocollectevidenceforglobalwarming

D.statethatnoclimatesciencecanbesaidtobecorrect

39.Wecaninferfromtheendofpassagethat.

A.nosufficientdatacansupportglobalwarming

B.thespeedofglobalwarmingisraisedgreatly

C.thereportofIPCCisnotasaccurateasclaimed

D.thereisnocontinentthathasntsufferedfromwarming

B

Supportersofexistingstatus，includingtheorganizationMothersAgainstDrunkDriving，saythatthelawhashelpedavoidthousandsofdeaths.Butdoubterspointoutthatothercountries，likeCanada，haveseensimilardeclines，eventhoughtheirdrinkingageis18.Theyalsoarguethatbarringyoungpeoplefromdrinkingdoesnotstopthemfromconsumingalcohol：itjustmakesthemdrinkmorequickly.

JohnMcCardell，formerpresidentofMiddleburyCollegeinVermont，ispartoftheAmethystInitiative，agroupofeducatorswhoarepushingfor18yearoldstobeallowedtodrink.“Thosewhohavegraduatedfromhighschool，haveacleanrecordandcompletedanalcoholeducationprogrammeshouldqualifyforadrinkinglicense，”hesays，“inthesamewaythatpeoplewhogotodrivingschoolreceivealicensetooperateavehicle.”

ThisisnotthefirsttimethatAmericanshavedesiredachangeinalcoholpolicyduringaperiodofeconomicdistress.FranklinRooseveltliftedprohibitionin1933amidthetroubleofadepression.

40.AlltheU.S.Stategovernmentsusedofollowthe“21law”because.

A.itspassagewassupervisedbyReaganpersonally

B.mostcitizensbelievedthatitwasreasonable

C.theycouldntaffordtotakethefinancialrisk

D.ittookmuchtimeandmoneytogetalawpassed

41.InCanada，wherethedrinkingageis18，.

A.youngpeoplewanttobegindrinkingatalowerage

B.peopleareincreasinglydoubtfulaboutthe“18law”

C.fewerandfewerpeoplesupportthe“18law”

D.feweryoungpeoplediefromdrunkdriving

42.JohnMcCardellsuggeststhat.

A.18yearoldsshouldlearnforalicensebeforetheycandrink

B.adrinkingschoolshouldbeopenedforhighschoolstudents

C.oneshouldgetalicensebeforetheycandrink

D.any18yearoldsshouldbequalifiedtodrink43.WhatdidFranklinRooseveltdoduringthe1933depression？

A.Heliftedthetroubleofadepression.

B.Hechangedthealcoholpolicy.

C.Hedecidedtobanalcohol.

D.Hedesiredachangeinalcoholpolicy.

C

Howdoesfoodaffectmoodandmind？Theanswermaylieinthechemistryofthebrainandnervoussystem.Moleculescalledneurotransmitters（神經(jīng)傳遞素）arechemicalmessengers.Theycarryanerveimpulseacrossthegapbetweennervecells.Thereleaseofneurotransmittermoleculesfromoneneuronandtheirattachmenttoreceptorsitesonanotherkeepanerveimpulsemoving.

Nerveimpulsescarrymessagesfromtheenvironmenttothebrain，forexample，thepainyoufeelwhenyoustub（踢碰）yourtoe.Theyalsocarrymessagesintheotherdirection，fromthebraintothemuscles.Thatswhyyoubackawayfromtheobstaclethatinitiatedthepainsignalandexclaim，“Ouch！”

“Manyneurotransmittersarebuiltfromthefoodsweeat，”saysneuroscientistEricChudleroftheUniversityofWashington.Toolittleortoomuchofaparticularnutrientinthedietcanaffecttheirproduction，Chudlersays.Forexample，tryptophanfromfoodssuchasyogurt，milk，bananas，andeggsisrequiredfortheproductionoftheneurotransmitterserotonin.Phenylalaninefrombeets，almonds，eggs，meat，andgrainsgoesintomakingtheneurotransmitterdopamine.

Dozensofneurotransmittersareknown；hundredsmayexist.Theireffectsdependontheiramountsandwheretheyworkinthebrain.Theneurotransmitterserotonin，forexample，isthoughttoproducefeelingsofcalmness，relaxation，andcontentment.Drugsthatpreventitfrombeingtakenagain（intotheneuronthatreleasedit）areprescribedtotreatdepression.Inatleastsomehealthy，nondepressedpeople，carbohydratefoodsseemtoenhanceserotoninproductionandproducesimilareffects.“Itisthebalancebetweendifferentneurotransmittersthathelpsregulatemood，”Chudlersays.

Propernutritionmayalsoenhancebrainpower.CholineisasubstancesimilartotheBvitamins.Itsfoundineggyolks，wholewheat，peanuts，milk，greenpeas，liver，beans，seafood，andsoybeans.Thebrainusesittomaketheneurotransmitteracetylcholine.Totesttheeffectsofcholineonmemoryandlearning，researchersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologygavememoryteststocollegestudentsbeforeincreasingtheamountofcholineintheirsubjectsdiets.Later，theyretested.Ontheaverage，memorieswerebetter，andthestudentslearnedalistofunrelatedwordsmoreeasily.44.Thefunctionofneurotransmitterscanbebestcomparedtothatof.

A.atransportvehicleB.aprotectiveshield

C.apowerplantD.afoodfactory

45.ResearchersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyintendedtofindout.

A.howcholineisproducedoutoffoods

B.howcholineisconvertedintoacetylcholine

C.iftheimprovementofbrainpowerisrelatedtocholine

D.iftheimprovementofbrainpowerisrelatedtoproperdiets

46.Whatisthemessagetheauthorintendstoconvey？

A.Thechemistryofthebrainannervoussystem.

B.Theinfluenceoffoodsonourfoodandmind.

C.Thefunctionsofneurotransmitters.

D.Theimportanceofabalanceddiet.

D

Carsandotherroadvehiclesarethesinglemainsourceofharmfulnitrogenoxides.

RoadtransportremainsthebiggestsourceofharmfulairpollutionintheEUdespiteeffortstoreduceemissionsoverthepastdecades.

AreportpublishedbytheEuropeanEnvironmentAgency（EE.）showsthatitisthesinglemainsourceofnitrogenoxides，carbonmonoxideandnonmethanevolatileorganiccompounds.

Aswellasroadtransport，manufacturingindustries，construction，theresidentialsectorandagriculturearethemainsourcesofairpollutioninEuropetoday，theagencysaid.

TheEEAsaid，“Particulatematterfromsourcessuchasvehicleexhaustsandresidentialheatingcanaffectthelungsandharmpeopleofallages，butitisknowntoposeanextrarisktothosewithexistingheartandrespiratoryproblems.”

“Airpollutantsarealsoresponsiblefortheacidificationofforestsandwaterecosystems，andeutrophicationofsoilsandwaters―leadingtoalimitedsupplyofoxygeninriversandlakes.”

AspokespersonforcampaigngroupT&E（theEuropeanFederationforTransportandEnvironment）toldEDIE，“OneofthekeyreasonsthattransportisstillsuchamajorcauseofairpollutioninEuropeisbecausetransportusersrarelyhavetopayforthepollutiontheycause.”

“CurrentlyMemberStatesareforbiddenfromincludingpollutionchargesinroadtolls.”

“Thecommissionjustlastmonthproposedtochangetherules，amovethatweurgetheParliamentandMinisterstosupport.”

Electricityandheatproductionremainsthemainsourceofsulphuroxidesemissions，followedbymanufacturingindustriesandconstructionsources.

Incontrast，agriculturalactivitieswereresponsibleforthevastmajorityofammoniaemissions―livestockmanureandfertilizersaccountedformorethan90%oftheemission.

47.Inordertocontrolairpollutioninthepastyears，theEUhastriedto.

A.imposestrictlawsonpollutioncontrol

B.cutdownonthenumberofvehicles

C.restrictthesourcesofnitrogenoxides

D.trimthedischargeofcarexhausts

A.Itisresultedfromairpollution.

B.Nitrogenoxide.

C.Roadtransport.

D.Organiccompounds.

49.ThecampaigngroupT&Eadvocatesthatairpollutionshouldbereducedby.

A.raisingpeoplesawareness

B.imposinganeconomicstimulus

C.increasinggovernmentfundings

D.callingforinternationalcooperation

50.ThereportpublishedbytheEEAisaimedatrevealing.

A.thetypesofairpollutants

B.theeffectsofroadtransport

C.themeasuresagainstairpollution

D.theprospectofenvironmentprotection

四、任務(wù)型閱讀（共10小題，每題1分，總分值10分）

請仔細(xì)閱讀以下短文，并依據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。留意：每個(gè)空格只填一個(gè)單詞。

Wetendtothinkappetiteistheequivalentofthe“empty”gauge（測量儀）onadashboard：Itletsyouknowyourelowonfuel，soyoustoptofillup.Inpractice，however，thatsabetterwayofdescribingthemechanismsofhunger，whicharedifferentfromthoseofappetite.Hungerisabiologicaldrivetomakesureyoueatenough，whileresearcherssayappetitehasmoretodowiththechoiceswemakebasedonlearneddesires.Appetiteisacomplexmixofbodychemistry，habit，socialbehavior，andpsychologythatsdifficulttomanage.Butthetaskisntimpossible，especiallyasresearchersdevotemoreattentiontounderstandingthepowerofappetiteandhowtocontrolit.Herearesomekeytipsformonitoringandcontrollingourappetite.

Formanypeople，mealsarentthereasonwegainweight―itsallthenibbling（咬）andsnackingwedoinbetween.Expertspointoutthatmuchofthiskindofeatinghasnothingtodowithhunger.Rather，itsboredom，orstress，oralearnedhabitindependentofappetite（3：30p.m.―timetogetasnackatthevendingmachine?。㏕heresasimpleantidote（解毒劑）：Askyourself，honestly，whyyouareputtingfoodinyourmouth.Ifyouarenothungry，thenstop.Soifsomucheatingisaboutboredom，stress，orhabit，whattodowhenyouarebored，stressed，orinneedofahabit？Easy：Takeawalk.Putonmusic.Doastretchroutine.Gooutside.Phoneafriend.Readafavoritemagazine.Whatevergivesyoupleasureandrelaxation.Ifyoucancreateanewroutinetodealwiththeeverydaychallengesthatdoesntinvolvefood，youwillmakemajorstridestowardlosingweight.

Whenyouwanderintothekitchenatnight，turnonallthelights.ResearchattheUniversityofCalifornia，Irvine，suggeststhatyouliterallyfellinthespotlightwhenyourebrightlyilluminated（照明）.Theaddedselfconsciousnessandsenseofbeingondisplaymakeyoulesslikelytodothingsyoushouldnt―likegoingonanicecreambender（狂吃）.

YouwontfindthisadviceintheNationalLibraryofMedicine，butwhenyoufeelweakwilledagainstyourappetite，trypinching（捏）thesmallareajustbelowtheears，whichsomeexpertsclaimisanappetitecontrolpoint.Holdforabouthalfaminute.

Toeatlessatmealsandsnacktime，choosefoodsthatstudiesfindhaveahighsatietyindex（飽足指數(shù)）―meaningtheyresignificantlymoresatisfyingthanotherfoods.Surprisingly，eventhoughfattyfoodsfillyouupandprovidepleasure，theyrenothighscorersonthesatietyscalebecausewetendtowantmoreofthem.Amongthemostsatisfyingfoods：popcorn，jellybeans，potatoes，brownpasta，bakedbeans，grapes，andoranges.

五、書面表達(dá)（總分值25分）

閱讀下面短文，然后按要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。

“Hewhobearsthegreatesthardshipbecomesthegreatestman.”ThisidiomshowsChinesepeoplestraditionalbeliefinthevitalrolethathardshipplaysinapersonslifeastheygrowup.Buttoday，asourliveshavegreatlyimproved，dowestillneedthissocalled“hardshipeducation”？

“Wedefinitelydo，”saidWangWeiqiong，motherofa15yearoldgirlinJiangxi.“Manychildrentakeeverythingforgranted，astheyveneverknownhowdifficultitistomakemoney.”

Wangisnotalone.Accordingtoarecentsurveyof2，017peopledonebyChinaYouthDaily，81.8percentoftheintervieweessupportedhardshipeduca