新版大學(xué)英語四級(jí)模擬真題

12月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)真題完整版（第3套）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart，youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthechallengesofstudyingabroad.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartⅡListeningComprehension(25minutes)PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce．Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Haveyoueverusedemailtoapologizetoacolleague?Delivereda26toasubordinate(下屬)withavoice-mailmessage?Flownbyplaneacrossthecountryjusttodeliverimportantnewsinperson?Thevariouscommunicationoptionsatourfingertipstodaycanbegoodfor27andproductivity---andatthesametimeverytroublesome.Withsomanywaystocommunicate,howshouldamanagerchoosetheonethat’sbest---28whenthemessagetobedeliveredisbadorunwelcomenewsfortherecipient?We’ve29businesscommunicationconsultantsandetiquette(禮儀)expertstocomeupwiththefollowingguidelinesfor30usingthealterativewaysofdeliveringdifficultmessages.Firstofall,choosehowpersonalyouwanttobe.Aface-to-facecommunicationisthemost31.Otherchoices,indescendingorderofpersonalization,are:areal-timephonecall,avoice-mailmessage,ahandwrittennote,atypewrittenletter,andthemost32isemail.Someofthesemaychangeorderaccordingtothe33situationoryourownpreferences;forexample,ahandwrittennotemightseemmorepersonalthanvoicemail.Howdoyoudecideonthebestchoiceforthedifficultmessageyou’vegottodeliver?“My34concernis:HowcanIsoftenorcivilizethismessage?”saysetiquetteexpertDanaCasperson.“SowhenIapologize,Iusuallychoosein-personfirst,oraphoneconversationasmytopalternative,andmaybeahandwrittennotenext.ApologizingbyemailissomethingInowtotally35.”A)avoidE)intimateI)rewardM)unfriendlyB)convenienceF)particularlyJ)silentN)warningC)effectivelyG)primaryK)specificO)witnessedD)escapeH)promptL)surveyedSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoeachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.HowaPoor,AbandonedParisianBoyBecameaTopChef?[A]ThebusystreetsinPariswereunevenandcakedinthickmud,buttherewasalwaysabreathtakingsighttoseeintheshopwindowsofPatisseriedelaRuedelaPaix.By1814,peoplecrowdedoutsidethebakery,strainingforaglimpseofthelatestsweetfoodcreatedbytheyoungchefwhoworkedinside.[B]HisnamewasMarie-AntoineCareme,andhehadappeared,oneday,almostoutofnowhere.Butinhisshortlifetime,whichendedexactly181yearsagotoday,hewouldforeverrevolutionizeFrenchgourmetfood(美食)writebest-sellingcookbooksandthinkupmagicaldishesforroyalsandotherimportantpeople.[C]Careme’schildhoodwasoneparttragedy,equalpartmystery.Bornthe16thchildtopoorparentsinParisineither1783or1784,ayoungCaremewassuddenlyabandonedattheheightoftheFrenchRevolution.At8yearsold,heworkedasakitchenboyforarestaurantinParisinexchangeforroomandboard.Byage15,hehadbecomeanapprentice(學(xué)徒)toSylvainBailly,awell-knowndessertchefwithasuccessfulbakeryinoneofParis’smostfashionableneighborhoods.[D]Caremewasquickatlearninginthekitchen.Baillyencouragedhisyoungapprenticetolearntoreadandwrite.CaremewouldoftenspendhisfreeafternoonsatthenearbyNationalLibraryreadingbooksonartandarchitecture.Inthebackroomofthelittlebakery,hisinterestindesignandhisbakingtalentcombinedtoworkwondersheshapeddeliciousmasterpiecesoutofflour,butterandsugar.[E]Inhisteenageyears,Caremefashionedeatablecopiesofthelate18thcentury’smostfamousbuildings---cookiesintheshapeofruinsofancientAthensandpiesintheshapeofancientChinesepalacesandtemples.SylvainBailly,hismaster,displayedtheseluxuriantcreations---oftenaslargeas4feettall---inhisbakerywindows.[F]CaremecreationssooncapturedthediscriminatingeyeofaFrenchdiplomat,CharlesMauricedeTalleyrand-Perigord.Around1804,TalleyrandchallengedCaremetoproduceafullmenuforhisPersonalcastle,instatingeyoungbakertouselocalseasonfruitsandvegetablesandtoavoidrepeatingmaindishesoverthecourseofanentireyear.TheexperimentwasagrandsuccessandTalleyrand’sassociationwithFrenchnobilitywouldproveaprofitableconnectionforCareme.[G]FrenchEmperorNapoleonBonapartewasknowntobeunimpressedbythedecliningtasteofearly18thcenturycooking,butunderpressuretoentertainParis’shighsociety,hetoocalledCaremetohiskitchenatTuileriesPalace.In1810,CaremedesignedtheextraordinarycakefortheweddingofNapoleonandhissecondbride,Marie-luiseofAustria.Hebecameoneofthefirstmodernchefstofocusontheappearanceofhistable,notjusttheflavorofhisdishes.“Iwantorderandtaste,Awell-displayedmealisenhancedonehundredpercentinmyeyes,”helaterwroteinoneofhiscookbooks[H]In1816,Caremebeginaculinary(烹飪)journeywhichwouldforevermarkhisplaceashistory’sfirsttopchef.HevoyagedtoEnglandtocookinthemodernGreatKitchenoftheprinceregent(攝政王)GeorgeIV,andcrossedcontinentstopreparegrandbanquetsforthetablesofTsarAlexanderIofRussia.Neverafraidtotalkuphisownaccomplishments,boastfulCarememadeafortuneaswealthyfamilieswithsocialambitionsinvitedhimtotheirkitchens.Later,inhiscookbooks,hewouldoftenincludeasketchofhimself,sothatpeopleonthestreetwouldbeabletorecognize---andadmire---him.[I]Careme’scookingdisplaysbecamethesymboloffineFrenchdining;theywereplentiful,beautifulandimposing.GuestswouldfallsilentinwonderasservantscarriedCareme’sfancycreationsintothedininghall.ForabanquetcelebratingtheGrandDukeNicholasofRussia’svisittoGeorgeIV’sBrightonPaviliononJan.18,1817,themenufeatured120differentdishes,highlightingeightdifferentsoups40maincourses,and32desserts[J]Ashetraveledthroughthehomesofearly19thcenturynobility,CaremeforgedthenewartofFrenchgourmetfood.Lockedinhotkitchens,Caremecreatedhisfour“mothersauces.”Thesesauces---bechamel,veloute,espagnoleandallemande---formedthecentralbuildingblocksformanyFrenchmaincourses.Healsoperfectedthesoufflé---abakedeggdish,andintroducedthestandardchef’suniform---thesamedouble-breastedwhitecoatandtallwhitehatstillwornbymanychefstoday.Thewhiteclothingconveyedanimageofcleanliness,accordingtoCareme---andinhisrealm,appearancewaseverything.[K]Betweenmeals,CaremewrotecookbooksthatwouldbeusedinEuropeankitchensforthenextcentury.HismanualsincludingTheRoyalParisianBakerandthemassivefive-volumeArtofFrenchCookingSeries(1833-1847completedafterhisdeath)firstsystematizedmanybasicprinciplesofcooking,completewithdrawingsandstep-by-stepdirections.Longbeforetelevisioncookingshows,Caremewalkedreadersthroughcommonkitchentasks,instructingthemto“trythisforyourself,athome”asfamousAmericanChefJulliaChildmightdo,manyyearslater,[L]Intheend,however,itwasthekitchenthatdidCaremein.Decadesofworkingovercoalfiresintight,closedspaceswithlittlefreshair(toensurehisdisheswouldnotgetcold)hadfatallydamagedhislungs.OnJan.12,1833,Caremediedjustbeforeheturned50.[M]Butinhislifetime,Careme,everconfident,couldseebeyondhisshortdominationinthekitchen.Hewantedto“setthestandardforbeautyinclassicalandmoderncooking,andprovetothedistantfuturethattheFrenchchefsofthe19thcenturywerethemostfamousintheworld,”ashewroteinhispapers36.Caremewasamongthefirstchefswhostressedboththeappearanceandflavorofdishes.37.CaremewantedtoshowtolatergenerationsthatFrenchchefsofhistimeweremostoutstandingintheworld.38.CaremebenefitedgreatlyfromservingaFrenchdiplomatandhisconnections.39.CaremelearnedhistradefromafamousdessertchefinParis.40.Careme’screativeworkswereexhibitedintheshopwindowsbyhismaster..41.Careme’sknowledgeofartandarchitecturehelpedhimcreateextraordinarydessertsoutofordinaryingredient.42.ManypeopleinPariswereeagertohavealookatthelatestsweetfoodmadebyCareme.43.Caremebecomeextremelywealthybycookingforrichandsociallyambitiousfamilies.44.Careme’swritingdealtwithfundamentalcookingprinciplesinasystematicway.45.Careme’scontributiontoFrenchcookingwasrevolutionary.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Roughlythesizeofasodacansittingonabookshelf,arelativelyharmlessgadgetmaybeturningfriendsawayfromyourhome.TheelephantinyourlivingroomisyourInternet-connectedsecuritycamera,adevicepeopleareincreasinglyusingforpeaceofmindintheirhomes.Butfewstoptothinkabouttheeffectthesedevicesmayhaveonhouseguests.Shouldyoutellyourfriends,forinstance,thatthey’rebeingrecordedwhileyouallwatchthebiggametogether?“It’scertainlynewterritory,especiallyashomesecuritycamerasbecomeeasiertoinstall,”saysLizziePost,presidentoftheEmilyPostInstitute,America’sforemostmannersadvisors.“Ithinkitwillbeveryinterestingtoseewhatetiquette(禮儀)emergesintermsofwhetheryoutellpeopleyouhaveacameraornot,andwhetherguestshavearighttoaskthatitbeturnedoff,ifit'snotasecurityissue.”Postwantstomakeclearthatshesnottalkingaboutlegalrights,butratherpersonalpreferences.Shealsowantstoexplainthattherearenorightorwronganswersregardingmannersonthisfrontyet,becausethetechnologyisjustnowbecomingmainstream.Besides,theEmilyPostInstitutedoesn’tdictatemanners.Whenitcomestosecuritycameras,Postsaysit’sahost’sresponsibilitytomakesureguestsfeelcomfortablewithintheirhome.“I’malwaysafanofbeingopenandhonest.”Forinstance,ifthehostcasuallyacknowledgesthatthereisacameraintheroombytellingastoryaboutit,thatmaybeenoughtoprovideanopeningforaguesttosayiftheyareuncomfortable.However,ifacontractorisworkinginyourhome,youdon’tneedtotellthemthattherearecameraswatching.Thenagain,theairofaccountabilitythatthecamerageneratescanalsoworkincontractors’favor,“Ifanythingdoesgowrongwhilethey’reinthehouse,theydon’twanttobeblamedforit,”shesays.“Infact,thecameracouldbethethingthatprovesthattheydidn’tstealthe$20,orknockthevaseoffthetable.”46.Forwhatreasonmayyourfriendsfeelreluctanttovisityourhome?A)Thesecuritycamerainstalledmayintrudeintotheirprivacy.B)Theydon’twanttheirphotostobecirculatedontheInternet.C)Thesecuritycameramayturnouttobeharmfultotheirhealth.D)Theymaynotbewillingtointeractwithyourfamilymembers47.WhatdoesLizziePostsayisnewterritory?A)TheeffectofmannersadviceB)CostofapplyingnewtechnologiesathomeC)TheincreasinguseofhomesecuritydevicesD)Etiquettearoundhomesecuritycameras.48.WhatisLizziePostmainlydiscussingwithregardtotheuseofhomesecuritycameras?A)LegalrightsB)MoralissuesC)Likesanddislikesofindividuals.D)Thepossibleimpactonmanners.49.Whatisahost’sresponsibilityregardingsecuritycameras,accordingtoLizziePost?A)MakingtheirguestsfeelateaseB)IndicatingwheretheyareC)Turningthemoffintime.D)Ensuringtheirguests’privacy.50.Inwhatwaycanthehomesecuritycamerabenefitvisitorstoyourhome?A)Itcansatisfytheircuriosity.B)Itcanprovetheirinnocence.C)Itcanhelpthemlearnnewtechnology.D)Itcanmaketheirvisitmoreenjoyable.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.PepsiCoistospendbillionsofdollarstodevelopdrinksandsnacksandreformulateexistingoneswithlowersugar,saltandfat,asconsumersdemandhealthieroptionsandregulatorypressureintensifiesamidanobesityepidemic（流行病）.ThemakerofMountainDewandGatoradehasbeenoneoftheearliermoversintheindustrytoofferproductswithreducedlevelsofunhealthyingredients---PepsiCoclaimsapacketofitschipsnowcontainslesssaltthanasliceofwhitebread.However,itsnew10-yearplanmakesclearitbelievesitstillhasalongwaytogo.Shiftingeatinghabits,includingasharpdropinconsumptionofsparklingdrinks,haveforcedradicalchangeontheindustry.Butthoseshiftshaveyettobereflectedinrecordobesitylevels,whichstandat%overallintheUS.IndraNooyi,PepsiCochairman,saidtheplantomakeitsproductshealthierwasimportantforthecompany’sgrowth.Butonthesubjectofobesity,shepointedoutthatconsumers’lifestyleshavechangedsignificantly,withmanypeoplebeingmoresedentary（久坐不動(dòng)）notleastbecausemoretimeisspentinfrontofcomputers.ShesaidPepsiCo’scontributionwastoproducehealthiersnacksthatstilltastedgood.Societyhastochangeitshabits,sheadded.“Wecan’tdomuchtoaltersedentarylifestyles,butwecanprovideconsumerswithgreat-tastingproducts,lowinsalt,sugarandfat.Inthepastwehadtohaveatastetrade-off.Butwerebreakingthattrade-off.”PepsiCo’splanforitsfoodsanddrinksisbasedonguidelinesfromtheWorldHealthOrganization,whichlastweekbackedusingtaxesonsparklingdrinkstoreducesugarconsumption.Initiativesalsoincludeeffortstoreduceitsenvironmentalimpact,waterconsumptionandmaterialsusedinpackagingby2025.PepsiCodidnotsayexactlyhowmuchitplannedtoinvesttoreachitsgoals.However,Dr.MehmoodKhan,chiefscientificofficer,saidthecompanyhaddoubledresearchanddevelopmentspendingi