2015年太奇?？荚嚲砣珖?guó)入學(xué)統(tǒng)一

管理類(lèi)專(zhuān)業(yè)聯(lián)考2B鉛筆填涂在答題卡上，其它筆填涂的或做在試卷或其它類(lèi)型答 SectionIUseofDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ForeachnumberedblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET.(10HumansareuniqueintheextenttowhichtheycanreflectonthemselvesandHumansareable ,tothink terms,toreflectonthefuture.A2worldisaninsecureworldwedonotlike.Whenit3tohumanbehavior,weinfermeaningand4tomakethebehaviorunderstandable.5allthismeansisthatpeopledevelop“quasi-theories”ofhumanbehavior,thatis,theoriesthatarenotdevelopedin6,scientificmanner.Whenngso,peoplebelievetheyknow7humansdothethingstheyLet’sconsideranexample.IntheUnitedStatespeoplehavebeen withtheincreasingamountofcrimeforseveralyears.Theextentofcrimebothersusbecauseweourselvescouldbevictims.Butit bothersusthatpeoplebehaveinsuchways.Whycansuchthingshappen?Wedevelopquasi-theories.We concernedaboutthehighcrimerate,butwenowbelieve it:ourcriminaljusticesystemis ;peoplehavegrownselfishandinconsiderateasourmoralvaluesweaken theinfluenceofliberalideas;toomanypeopleareondrugs.Theseexnationssuggestpossiblesolutions-14thecourtsandputmorepeopleinjailasexamplestootherlawbreakers.Thereisnowhope15theproblemofcrimecanbesolvedifonlywe16thesesolutions.Again,theworldisnolongermeaninglessnor17sothreatening.Thesequasi-theories18serveaveryimportantfunctionforus.ButhowaccurateareHow19willthesuggestedsolutionsbe?Thesequestionsmustbeanswered20tohowpeoplenormallygoaboutdeveloorattainingtheirquasi-theoriesofhuman.6.[A]an[B]a[C]a[D]a7.8.9.[B]10.11.[A]5.16.[A]act[B]work[C]see[D]set0.SectionPartDirections:Readthefollowingpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)Droughtisaslowemergency.Itdoesnotswoopdownoutoftheskieslikeatornadoorpulltheearthapartlikeanearthquake.AdroughtofthekindtheEasternseaboardintheUnitedStatesissufferingnow,theworstofthiscenturyinatleastfourstates,istheproductnotofonesummer’sfailedrainsbutofchronicdrynessoverseveralseasons－compoundedbyroutinerecklessnessinouruseofwater.Itistheresultofwhatwehaveallbeentaughttocallgoodweather-hot,itistrue,butblueskiesdayafterday,mildwinters,littlesnow.Itisalsotheresultofwhatwehavecometocallnormalwateruse.Thedroughtof1999has esevereenoughtobringaboutaflurryofadministrative.OnFriday, Clintonorderedtoorganizetimelydroughtrelief.NewJersey’sernorChristineToddWhitman,andtheernorsofMaryland,DelawareandWestVirginiahaveallimposedmandatoryrestrictionsonwateruse.SecretaryofAgricultureDanGlickmanhasdeclaredWestVirginiaand33countiesin5surroundingstatesadisasterarea.Meanwhile,theSenateapproved$7.4billioninaidtofarmers,towhichadroughtanddisasterreliefpackagewillneedtobeadded.Thisisalltothegood,anditmayalsoreconcentrateforamomentourattentiononthisnation’spatternofwaterusage.Droughtisnothingnew,anddealingwithitdoesnotrequireradicallynewideas.Manyorganizationshavebeensetupinrecentyearsinordertomonitordroughtconditionsandrespondtothemasthelong-termeventstheyare.AccordingtotheNationalDroughtMitigationCenternearlyeveryencounterwithwatersacristyleadstoasetofmendations-essentiallytheonesinvokedinadroughtemergency-meanttodiscourageconsumptionandencourageButoncetherainsbeginagainandcontrolsarelifted,waterusetendstoreboundtopreviouslevels.Droughtdramatizesanepistemologicalproblemthathasreal,practicaleffects.Thereissomethingalmostintangibleaboutthecausesofdrought,somethingas andasfulasfate.Itishardtotieanysingledroughtunequivocallytothesolidevidenceofglobalwarming,butthattoolurksinmanypeople’smindsastheultimatecauseofthisAgainstsuchagrandarrayofs,itcanbehardtoimaginehowtakingashortershowerorwateringthelawnlessfrequentlymakesadifference.Butindividualaction-conservingwater-isthebasisforcollectivelyaction,theresidentsofdrought-strickenstatescanmakeanenormousdifferencelows,andinthefuture,bothnow,whenstreamlevelsareatrecordlows,andinthefuture,whenrainreturns.Farmers,ofcourse,aredtotaketheweatherasitcomes.Farms,likemanyotherformsofindustry,requirewaterforeconomicsurvival,whichisexactlywhatisatriskagainthisyear.Thereservesofwaterinreservoirshavebeensteadilydiminishing.SohavetheeconomicreservesofAmericanfarmers,whofindthemselvesbringingtheirproductstomarket,iftheysurvivethisdryseasonatall,atdepressedprices.Neitheroftheseproblems,droughtorecanbesolvedwithasuddenflurryofIntheviewoftheauthor,thisyear’sdroughtiscaused thelackofexcessivewaterlittlesnowinapoliticalWhichisNOTamongthemeasurestakentocombattheDeclaringsomestatesadisasterReleasingfundstosupportImposinglimitsonwaterOrderingtorestrictdroughtAccordingtotheparagraph3,anothergoodthingaboutthedrought bringaboutpublicconcernsonthecallforactionstobetakenbyfederalWhichofthefollowingistrueaboutparagraphWaterusetendstoreboundaftertheThecausesofdroughtarepredeterminedbyourGlobalwarmingisthesinglecausetotheDroughtisadestinedfateofhumanFarmerstaketheweatherasitcomesmainly waterinreservoirshasbeentheycansurvivethisdryseasonwaterisessentialforfarmingtomaketheylikemanyotherformsofThattitlealwayshadgrandeurtoit.“MissAmerica.”Ah,thesimple,arrogantbrilliance!Itsuggestsapromqueenwhowantsto etheStatueofLiberty.Nowshe’s75anddarnedifsheisn’tfreshasaHardCopyheadline.WhentheAtlanticCitypageant(選美表演)airsthisSaturdayintheU.S.ontheNBCnetwork,someambitiousyoungwoman--oneofthe50,000whotryouteachyear--willrealizethegossamerdreamthatlastyearenvelopedHeatberWhitestone,thefirstdeafMissAmerica.Butinthemonthsleadingtothatnightthepageanthasbeenslappedwithunseemlycontroversy.AMissMarylandcontestantchargesthatshewasdeniedherstatetitlebecauseofvoterigging.OtherstatecontestantsarevexedbecauseawomanwhohadlosttheMissNewJerseycompetitionfourtimesdecampedtoDelawareandwonthetitlethere.AndthroughoutAmericatheanguisheddebateroilson.Shouldtheswimsuitcompetitionbedropped?Scandalisthecoinofcontemporarycelebrity;itkeepsthepublicinterested.Funnyhowpeoplehavereallycaredaboutthepageant’spolitic:in1945thenamingofthefirstJewishMissAmerica,BessMyerson;in1979thedumofBertParks,theshow’semceefor25years;in1984thedethroningofVanessaWilliams,thefirstwinnerofcolor,afteruallyprovocativephotossurfaced.Race,beliefandage,allhavecloudedtheshow.Butlikethewinneratthemomentofcoronation--brandishinga-widesasshesobsontheedgeofboththerunwayandhysteria--thepageantprovesthatprettycanbemessy.Itservesasamicrocosmofedcountry.MissAmericaisThisyearAmericanscanbeapartofthepageant,andnotjustbyguessingthewinnerandtrashingthelosers.Inaplebiscite,theI-can’t-believe-it’s-a-beautyant,pageantislettingviewersdecidewhethertheswimsuitcompetitionwillberetained.Beforeeverycommercialduringthefirsthalfofthethree-hourshow,twophonenumberswillappear-oneforyesvotes,oneforno.Thetallywillbeup-datedthroughouttheprogram.Normallytheswimsuitcompetitionisthefirsteventoftheevening;thisyearitwillbethelast-unlessitiseliminated,whichitwon’tbe.Strawpollsindicatewidesupport,and42ofthe50contestantsateforit.SaysEmilyOrton,MissOregon:“Themediacanmakeyoufeelalotmorenakedthanaswimsuit.Soifyoucan’tbecomfortablecompetinginthis,youwon’tfeelcomfortablebeingMissAmerica.”TheMissMarylandcontestantwasdeniedherstatetitle shegotquiteafewofshehadlostthecompetitionmanypeopleheldacontroversialpointofviewofAccordingtothefirstsentenceofParagraph3,the areverycasualaboutareinterestedinoutstandingarewillingtoshareshowgreatconcernsonFromtheParagraph3,welearnthatthe issupportedbymostisdeterminedbyrace,beliefandprovestheblessingnatureofItcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheswimsuit haslostitshasgainedpublictendtocontinuetocanbeabolishedIntheviewofMiss themediacanrevealmoreofoneselfthantheswimsuitwehavereasonstoretainthisthemediaissometimeslessannoyingthantheswimsuittheswimsuitcompetitionismuchmorehideousthantheThetraditionalproductsthatsatisfyneedsandthosethatsatisfywantsisnolongeradequatetodescribeclassesofproducts.Intoday’sprosperoussocietiesthedistinctionhas blurredbecausesomanywantshavebeenturnedintoneeds.Awriter,forinstance,canworkwithawordprocessor.Thusacomputerissoonviewedasaneedratherthanawant.Inthefieldofmarketing,consumergoodsareclassedaccordingtothewayinwhichtheyarepurchased.Thetwomaincategoriesareconveniencegoodsandsopgoods.Twolessertypesatespecialtygoodsandunsoughtgoods.Itmustbeemphasizedthatallofthesetypesarebasedonthewayshoppersthinkaboutproducts,notonthenatureoftheproductsthemselves.WhatisregardedasaconvenienceiteminFrance(wine,forexample)maybeaspecialtygoodintheUnitedStates.Peopledonotspendagreatdealoftimeshopforsuchconvenienceitemsasgroceries,newspapers,toothpaste,razorblades,aspirin,andcandy.Thebuyingofconveniencegoodsmaybedoneroutinely,assomefamiliesbuygroceriesonceaweek.Suchregularlypurchaseditemsarecalledstaples.Sometimesconvenienceproductsareboughtonimpulse:someonehasasuddendesireforanicecreamsundaeonahotday.Ortheymaybepurchasedasemergencyitems.Shopgoodsareitemsforwhichcustomerssearch.Theycompareprices,quality,andstyles,andmayvisitanumberofstoresbeforemakingadecision.Buyinganauto isoftendonethisway.Shopgoodsfallintotwoclasses:thosethatareperceivedasbasicallythesameandthosethatareregardedasdifferentItemsthatarelookeduponasbasicallythesameincludesuchthingsashomeappliances,evisionsets,andauto s.Havingdecidedonthemodeldesired,thecustomerisprimarilyinterestedingettingtheitematthemostfavorableprice.Itemsregardedasinherentlydifferentincludeclothing,furniture,anddishes.Quality,style,andfashionwilleithertakeprecedenceoverprice,ortheywillnotmatteratall.Specialtygoodshavecharacteristicsthatimpelcustomerstomakespecialeffortstofindthem.Pricemaybenoconsiderationatall.Specialtygoodscanincludealmostanykindofproduct.Normally,specialtygoodshaveabrandnameorotherdistinguishingcharacteristics.Unsoughtgoodsareitemsaconsumerdoesnotnecessarilywantorneedormaynotevenknowabout.Promotionoradvertisingbringssuchgoodstotheconsumer’sattention.TheproductcouldbesomethingnewonthemarketastheSonyWalkmanoncewasoritmaybefairlystandardservice,suchaslifeinsurance,forwhichmostpeoplewillusuallynotbothershop.Awriter’sexampleinparagraph1isusedtoillustrate traditionalproductscansatisfyourmodernsocietyconvertwantsintolegitimateneedscanbemetwordprocessorisviewedasanefficient“Staples”(para.3)referstocommodities peopleareinroutineneedpeoplespendmuchtimepeoplecanbuypeoplewantbutdon’tWhenbuyingitemsregardedbasicallythesame, keepinterestsindecidingthetendtodopurchaseatareasonablearekeenontheirfavoritecanevenaffordtoofferahighAccordingtothelastparagraph,wecanlearnthatunsoughtgoods poorinnewonthehighlystandardnecessarytoThetextismainly thedefinitionoftheexnationoftheclassificationofthepromotionofTheemergenceofpublicresearchorganization–“think-”–hasoccurredrelativerelativelyrecently.Morethan90%ofallthink-werecreatedin1951and58%injustthelast20years.Formostofthe20thcentury,think- wereanorganizationalphenomenonfoundprimarilyintheUnitedStates,Canada,WesternEuropeandJapan.Today,therearemorethan3,000think- worldwideinalmosteverycountrythathasmorethanafewmillioninhabitantsandatleastamodicumofinlectualdom.Tofulfilltheirmissionofimprovingpublic,think-mustcompeteintwodistinctmarkets:onetoobtainfundingandonetoselladvice.Sometimesthesemarketsoverlap,forexample,whenaernmentagencyresponsibleforasectorhiresathink-toadviseitonaspecificproblem.Butmoreoftenthosefundingadviceandthosereceivingitaredifferent,forexample,whenaninternationaldevelopmentagencyfundsastudytohelpanationalernmentmakemore-informeddecisions.Evenwithanexpandingmarketforideas,think-stillrequiremoneytooperate.Manyofthemdosoonashoestring,withminusculestaffswhoderivemostoftheir efromotheremployment(mostoftenasuniversityteacher).Butifathink-istoobtainmorethanminimalsizeandvisibility,increasedfundingisrequired.Muchoftheimpetusforthegrowthinthink-inless-developedcountrieshasbeentheflowofmoneyfromtheindustrializedcountries.Thisassistancehascomefromseveralsourcesintheindustrializedworld.FoundationslikeSoros,Ford,andTinkergivemuchsupport,asdonationalandinternationaldevelopmentorganizationsuchastheUSAgencyforInternationalDevelopment,theWorldBank,andtheInternationalMonetaryFund.Oneproblemwithforeignfunding,however,isthatitcanraisequestionsaboutthecredibilityofathink-’sresearchandmendations:ifforeigndonorsareprovidingmoneyforathink-,mighttheynotalsobedictatingitsconclusion?Butformanythink-inpoorcountriesthe ingsofforeignfinancingareout-weightedbyitsbenefits.Internationalfundinghasdramaticallyincreasedtheresourcesavailabletothink-inthedeveloandtransitionalTheglobalflowoffundstothink-hasalsoprovokedcontroversyintheolderindustrializedcountries.SomecriticshaveexpressedconcernsthattheflowofforeignmoneytosupportresearchatUSthink-mayhavecomewithstringsattached,orataminimumcauseinstitutionsthatacceptmoneyfromforeigncorporationandfoundationstomuteanycriticismofthedonorcountries’foreignordomesticpolicies.Accordingtothetext, werecreatedjustinthelast20arefoundonlyindevelopedprimarilyengageinpublichavespreadtoeverycountryintheItcanbeinferredfromthetext obtainfundingbyselling domisanecessaryconditiontobuildupthink-InParagraph6,“thisassistance”refers impetusforthegrowthindevelotheflowofmoneyinindustrializedinvestmentmadebybigcorporationstoInthelastparagraph,thephrase“comewithstringsattached”mostprobably foreignfundingisforeignfundingisforeignfundingbringsforeignfundingislimitedtosomeThemainideaofthetextis havespread aregoingon arefacedwithfundingforeignfundingputs inPartDirections:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatext.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).therearetwoextrasubtitleswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)PhysicalEmergingIndependenceandSearchforInterestinthePeerPressureandDangerousThetransitiontoadulthoodisdifficult.Rapidphysicalgrowthbeginsinearlyadolescence—typicallybetweentheagesof9and13—andthoughtprocessesstarttotakeonadultcharacteristics.Manyyoungstersfindthesechangesdistressingbecausetheydonotfullyunderstandwhatishappeningtothem.Fearsandanxietiescanbeputtorestbysimplykeeanopenlineofcommunicationandpreparingforchangebeforeitoccurs.Themainissuesthatariseduringadolescenceare:Achild’sself-worthisparticularlyfragileduringadolescence.Teenagersoftenstrugglewithanoverwhelmingsensethatnobodylikesthem,thatthey’renotasgoodasotherpeople,thattheyarefailures,losers,uglyoruninligent.Someformofbodilydissatisfactioniscommonamongpre-teens.Ifdissatisfactionisgreat,itmaycausethemto eshyorveryeasilyembarrassed.Inothercases,teensmayacttheoppositeloudandangryinanefforttocompensateforfeelingsofself-consciousnessandinferiority.Asalarmingasthesebodilychangescanbe,adolescentsmayfinditequallydistressingtonotexperiencethechangesatthesametimeastheirpeers.Latematurationcancausefeelingsofinferiorityandawkwardness.Youngpeoplefeelmorestronglyabouteverythingduringadolescence. efrightening,pleasures emoreexciting,irritations emoredistressingandfrustrationsemoreintolerable.Everyexperienceappearsking-sizedduringadolescence.Youngstershavingadifficultadolescencemay eseriouslydepressedand/orengageinself-destructivebehavior.Often,thefirstcluethatateenagerneedsprofessionalhelpisadeep-rootedshiftinattitudeandbehavior.Parentsshouldbealerttothewarningsignsofalitychangeindicatingthatateenagerneedshelp.Theyincluderepeatedschoolabsences,slumgrades,useofalcoholorillegalsubstances,hostileordangerousbehaviorandextremewithdrawalThereistremendouspressureonadolescentstoconformtothestandardsoftheirpeers.Thispressuretowardconformitycanbedangerousinthatitappliesnotonlytoclothingandhairstyles;itmayleadthemtodothingsthattheyknowarewrong.Adolescencemarksaperiodofincreasingindependencethatoftenleadsto teenagersandparents.Thistensionisanormalpartofgrowingup—andforparents,anormalpartoftheletting-goprocess.Anothernormalpartofadolescenceisconfusionovervaluesandbeliefs.Thistimeofquestioningisimportantasyoungpeopleexaminethevaluestheyhavebeentaughtandbegintoembracetheirownbeliefs.