采暖設(shè)計(jì)說明書

哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)課程設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書姓名：劉鑫民 院（系）：市政環(huán)境工程學(xué)院專業(yè)：建筑環(huán)境與設(shè)備工程 班號(hào)：0926103任務(wù)起至日期：年12月12日至年12月23日課程設(shè)計(jì)題目：供暖系統(tǒng)課程設(shè)計(jì)已知技術(shù)參數(shù)和設(shè)計(jì)要求：熱源：市政管網(wǎng)資用壓頭：1~1.5mH20設(shè)計(jì)供回水溫度：95/70℃建筑周圍環(huán)境：室內(nèi)五遮擋設(shè)計(jì)地點(diǎn)：呼和浩特工作量：供暖系統(tǒng)任務(wù)說明書圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)耗熱量計(jì)算散熱器計(jì)算表局部阻力表水力計(jì)算表系統(tǒng)計(jì)算簡(jiǎn)圖系統(tǒng)圖水壓圖工作計(jì)劃安排：12月12日——13日熱負(fù)荷計(jì)算12月14日——17日繪制系統(tǒng)圖12月18日——20日水力計(jì)算12月21日——22日繪制平面圖12月23日整理設(shè)計(jì)說明書同組設(shè)計(jì)者及分工：無指導(dǎo)教師簽字___________________年月日教研室主任意見：教研室主任簽字___________________年月日目錄一、設(shè)計(jì)題目 4二、原始資料 4三、熱負(fù)荷計(jì)算 4 1.關(guān)于氣象資料 4 2.計(jì)算熱負(fù)荷 4 3.建筑物供暖熱指標(biāo)計(jì)算 4四、系統(tǒng)布置及散熱器選擇 10五、水力計(jì)算 13六、選擇系統(tǒng)隸屬設(shè)備和器具 18七、附表及附圖 18八、參考書目及資料 18室內(nèi)采暖系統(tǒng)課程設(shè)計(jì)說明書一、設(shè)計(jì)題目多層居民樓采暖系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)二、原始資料2.1建筑修建地域：呼和浩特2.2土建資料：居民樓底層，頂層，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)層采暖（見藍(lán)圖）2.3其余資料：2.3.1熱源：獨(dú)立鍋爐房2.3.2資用壓頭：10000Pa(1-1.5mH20)2.3.3設(shè)計(jì)供回水溫度：95/70℃2.3.4建筑周圍環(huán)境：室內(nèi)，無遮擋三、熱負(fù)荷計(jì)算3.1關(guān)于氣象資料大氣壓力：90.09kpa室外計(jì)算（干球）溫度：-冬季主導(dǎo)風(fēng)向及其頻率：NW冬季主導(dǎo)風(fēng)向平均風(fēng)速：4.5m/s冬季室外平均風(fēng)速：1.9m/s最大凍土深度：143cm冬季日照率：69%朝向修正Xch方向南北東/西修正率%-238-23.2房間編號(hào)說明如圖1：符號(hào)說明：A房間所在單元,X房間所在樓層,后兩位數(shù)字為詳細(xì)編號(hào)，樓層方位面積相同后兩位數(shù)字編號(hào)相同。圖13.3計(jì)算或查出關(guān)于圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)傳熱系數(shù)K并計(jì)算其面積（見附表1）：外墻：普通磚四九墻（490mm）,雙面抹灰熱阻R0=0.801m2?℃/W,K0=1.25W/m2?℃外窗：平開或推拉鋁窗，傳熱系數(shù)K=3.26W/m2?℃，每米窗縫空氣滲透量L=0.1外門：M009金屬防盜門，傳熱系數(shù)K=6.40W/m2?℃，每米門縫空氣滲透量L=1.2地面：非保溫地面，采暖熱負(fù)荷主要按平均傳熱系數(shù)法給出。屋面：屋面保溫層選瀝青膨脹珍珠巖，保溫材料厚度δ=120mm,屋面?zhèn)鳠嵯禂?shù)K0=0.75W/m2?℃，熱阻R0=1.34m2?℃/W，3.4室內(nèi)采暖設(shè)計(jì)溫度：各房間設(shè)計(jì)溫度為tn=18℃3.5溫差修正系數(shù)：全部房屋都供暖α=13.6.校核圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)熱阻是否小于最小熱阻：對(duì)于所選外墻：普通磚四九墻（490mm）,雙面抹灰R0=0.801m2?℃/W,K0=1.25W/m2?℃,熱惰性指標(biāo)D=6.862,冬季類型I,依照最小傳熱熱阻計(jì)算公式：R0?min=α(tn-tw.e)?tyR0?min——圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)最小傳熱阻?ty——供暖室內(nèi)計(jì)算溫度tn與圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)表面溫度τn允許溫度差，查參[]tw.e——冬季圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)室外計(jì)算溫度已知tn=18℃,tw.e=tw'可知R0>對(duì)于所選屋面：已知tw為類型IIItw.etp?min已知tw'=-19℃，ttw.e=0.3tn=18℃，?ty=4.5℃代入公式（3-1）可得：R0?min=可知R0>圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)耗熱量計(jì)算圖2以AX14房間為例計(jì)算底層耗熱量，西外墻基本耗散量由公式Q1已知西外墻面積F=2.7×圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)傳熱系數(shù)K=1.25朝向修正Xt代入公式（3-3）可得西外墻耗熱量：Q無冷風(fēng)滲透和冷風(fēng)侵入耗熱量，故西外墻總耗熱量為463.67W南窗南外門選一體式LC009如圖：圖3南窗面積F=1.8×1.4=2.52南窗傳熱系數(shù)K=3.26朝向修正X1+t代入公式（3-3）南窗傳熱量：Q南門面積F=0.9×0.8=0.72南門傳熱系數(shù)K朝向修正1+代入公式（3-3）南門傳熱量Q南窗冷風(fēng)滲透量由下式計(jì)算：V=L?l?n（3-4）L——每米門窗縫隙滲透室內(nèi)空氣量ln——滲透空氣量朝向修正Q2‘=0.278VρV——經(jīng)門窗縫隙滲透室內(nèi)總空氣量ρwCp可查得呼和浩特冬季室外空氣密度南窗為平開鋁窗，冬季室外平均風(fēng)速取2m/s，查表1-6可知L=0.1；窗縫隙計(jì)算長(zhǎng)度l=2×1+3×1.4=6.2m;朝向修正查得呼和浩特南面n為0.23代入式（3-4）：V=0.1×6.2×0.23=0.1426將V代入（3-5）Q同理可得南門冷風(fēng)滲透量，對(duì)于門每米門窗縫隙滲透室內(nèi)空氣量統(tǒng)一取L=1.2V=1.2×Q對(duì)于地面?zhèn)鳠崃浚阂勒盏貛Х▽⒌孛娣譃槿鐖D兩個(gè)地帶：圖4地帶Ⅰ：由參[2]表1-5知地帶Ⅰ傳熱系數(shù)K=0.47W/地帶Ⅰ面積為：F=（將已知代入（3-3）Q地帶Ⅱ：同理由表1-5知地帶Ⅱ傳熱系數(shù)K=0.23W/地帶Ⅰ面積為F=Q可知地面總傳熱量為：Q對(duì)于屋面?zhèn)鳠崃浚何菝鎮(zhèn)鳠嵯禂?shù)K=0.75屋面面積F=3-0.12故屋面?zhèn)鳠崃繛椋篞綜合上述各圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)耗熱量可知：A114房間耗熱量Q=同理可得A614房間耗熱量Q=本設(shè)計(jì)中各房間耗熱量計(jì)算結(jié)果見圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)耗熱量計(jì)算表。3.建筑物供暖熱指標(biāo)計(jì)算A單元總熱負(fù)荷為Q式中QA1QA2Q同理可得B單元與C單元熱負(fù)荷為44423W與51533所以總熱負(fù)荷：Q=51533+44423+51533=147489W建筑總面積：A=6×412.83=2477本設(shè)計(jì)建筑熱指標(biāo)：q查得通常建筑物熱指標(biāo)范圍在46~70W/m四、系統(tǒng)布置及散熱器選擇4.1系統(tǒng)布置標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所給平面圖可知左右熱負(fù)荷大致對(duì)稱，供水引入管從中間單元即B單元樓梯間引入由供水總立管送至房屋頂層而后分為A與B兩環(huán)路，AB環(huán)路所負(fù)擔(dān)熱負(fù)荷大致相等。供水干管與各供水立管距離墻壁在100~200mm之間，本設(shè)計(jì)取100mm。各房間供水立管應(yīng)靠墻角布置且靠近窗臺(tái)，以方便將散熱器布置在窗臺(tái)以下。布置時(shí)管所占空間盡可能小，且不影響通行與家俱擺放。本設(shè)計(jì)采取同程式系統(tǒng)，全部立管回水在回水管末端匯合，由回水干管引出至室外。詳細(xì)布置情況見平面圖。4.2散熱器布置全部房間統(tǒng)一選取粗柱M132型散熱器且最大片數(shù)為20片。全部散熱器明裝，且全都布置在窗臺(tái)之下。平面位置不能與室內(nèi)衛(wèi)生設(shè)備，工藝設(shè)備，電器設(shè)備等相沖突。非置地式散熱器頂部離窗臺(tái)下高度應(yīng)大于50mm，離地面可為100~200毫米。考慮樓梯間熱流上升，散熱器布置在1~4層樓，1,2層各分配30%熱負(fù)荷，3,4層各分配20%熱負(fù)荷。散熱器詳細(xì)布置情況見散熱器計(jì)算表，采暖平面圖及系統(tǒng)圖。(3)散熱器計(jì)算采取單管順流上供下回式系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)以立管A1為例進(jìn)行散熱器計(jì)算說明立管A1以下列圖：立管總耗熱量：Q=1073+527×4+742=3923已知設(shè)計(jì)供水溫度tg=95℃串聯(lián)散熱器系統(tǒng)，流出第i組散熱器水溫ti由下式計(jì)算：ti=tg-將圖中數(shù)據(jù)代入公式（4-1）得：ttttt2=95-26上一樓層回水溫度即使下一樓層供水溫度由此可計(jì)算得散熱器內(nèi)熱媒平均溫度tpj與散熱器熱媒與室內(nèi)平均溫差?ttpj6=tpj5=tpj4=tpj3=tpj2=tpj1=由試驗(yàn)確定散熱器傳熱系數(shù)計(jì)算公式為：K=a(?t)b（查得對(duì)于M-132型散熱器a=2.426,b=0.268計(jì)算克得各層散熱器傳熱系數(shù)：K散熱器散熱面積按下式計(jì)算：F=QK(?t)ββ1——散熱器組裝片數(shù)修正系數(shù),片數(shù)<6-1011-20>β0.9511.051.1β2——散熱器連接形式修正系數(shù)本設(shè)計(jì)為M-132型同側(cè)上進(jìn)下出，查得β3——為散熱器安裝形式修正系數(shù)，本設(shè)計(jì)散熱器為明裝，敞開布置，查得散熱器片數(shù)n=F/f(4-4)f——每片散熱器散熱面積，對(duì)于M132f=0.24散熱器片數(shù)取整標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：對(duì)于高層散熱器片數(shù)小數(shù)位能夠舍去，對(duì)于底層散熱器片數(shù)小數(shù)位能夠入到整數(shù)位。代入數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算可得：散熱器面積F6=FFFFF取整后片數(shù)nnnnn對(duì)于其余立管上散熱器計(jì)算見附表五、水力計(jì)算5.1在系統(tǒng)圖上，對(duì)各管段，各立管進(jìn)行編號(hào)并注明各管段熱負(fù)荷與管長(zhǎng)5.2計(jì)算經(jīng)過最遠(yuǎn)立管A16環(huán)路。各管段中流量由下式計(jì)算G=0.86Q經(jīng)過算出流量G依照推薦比摩阻RPj=60~120Pa選取各管段管徑并用差值法得到實(shí)際比摩阻?py=R?L查出算出各管局部阻力系數(shù)ξ，依照流速v查出局部阻力系數(shù)ξ=1時(shí)局部阻力損失?pd繼而算出各管段局部阻力損失

?pj=?pd各管段總得阻力損失由下式計(jì)算?p=?pj+?p計(jì)算結(jié)果以下表所表示：管段號(hào)QGLdvR?ξ???p累計(jì)壓力損失Wkg/hmmmm/sPa/mpaPaPa經(jīng)過立管A16環(huán)路11468995053.3325.6700.3731.29801.09.567.30639.351440.371440.372759512612.713.3500.3831.86105.110.570.99745.40850.532290.913720282477.763.8400.56108.36411.81154.17154.17565.942856.854689942373.393.1400.5399.64308.91138.01138.01446.893303.745659602269.022.7400.5191.28246.51127.87127.87374.333678.076620372134.074400.4880.56322.21113.27113.27435.514113.587596822053.062.8400.4674.42208.41104.03104.03312.414425.988557751918.666.1400.4365.52399.7290.90181.80581.475007.459494661701.637.6320.60105.06798.52.5176.98442.451240.916248.3610453181558.943.5320.5588.5309.81148.72148.72458.476706.8311390081341.883320.4767.82203.51108.60108.60312.067018.8912353081214.602.5320.4355.78139.5190.9090.90230.357249.241327950961.483.1250.55148.36459.91148.72148.72608.647857.881424328836.880.9250.48115.17103.71113.27113.27216.928074.801517654607.307.1250.3561.89439.41148.72148.72588.148662.941610980377.710.8200.3485.0368.0156.8356.83124.858787.79177358253.1218.35200.2340.03734.627.526.01715.281449.8310263.6318-253.1212200.2340.03480.43626.01936.361416.7211680.3564759512612.710.5500.3831.8615.91170.99780.89796.8212477.17651468995053.3329.7700.3731.29929.3967.30605.701535.0114012.18l=140.45環(huán)路總阻力損失滿足在1~1.5米水柱之內(nèi)要求用一樣方法，計(jì)算經(jīng)過最近立管A1環(huán)路，從而確定出立管A1回水干管各管段管徑及其壓力損失。求并聯(lián)環(huán)路立管A1和立管A16壓力損失不平衡率，結(jié)果以下表：管段號(hào)QGLdvR?ξ???p累計(jì)壓力損失Wkg/hmmmm/sPa/mpaPaPa經(jīng)過立管A1環(huán)路473923134.951214.25150.2257.2815.123.523.79559.0651374.1651374951218150.2257.21029.65423.791284.662314.263688.43493923134.95123.8150.2257.2217.362.523.7959.475276.8353965.26506959239.38963.1150.3836.5113.15170.9970.99184.144149.40519995343.8282.7200.3170.9191.43147.2547.25238.684388.085213918478.77924200.43136.23544.92190.990.9635.825023.905316273559.79122.8250.3253.35149.38150.3450.34199.725223.62540694.1926.1250.4081.49497.089278.66157.32654.4095878.035526489911.22167.6250.52134.721023.8722132.94265.881289.7527167.7856306371053.9133.5320.3741.98146.93167.367.3214.237382.0157369471270.9773320.4561.22183.66199.5599.55283.217665.2258406471398.2572.5320.4972.82182.051118.04118.04300.097965.3159480051651.3723.1320.581003101165.38165.38475.388440.6960516271775.9690.9320.62117.38105.6421188.98188.98294.6228735.316158301.5547.1400.4571.52507.792199.5599.55607.3429342.6662649752235.140.8400.5089.8871.9041122.91122.91194.8149537.4763685972359.7373.1400.5397.6302.561138.01138.01440.579978.04管段3~18與管段47~63并聯(lián)??P47~63=9978Pa不平衡率=?P47~63-?依照以上水力計(jì)算結(jié)果，可求出系統(tǒng)各立管供，回水節(jié)點(diǎn)資用壓力值。以立管A2為例：立管A4供回水之間資用壓差?P=依照資用壓力選擇立管4，與散熱器支管管徑，從而算出立管A2壓降為：?不平衡率=3000.92-其余各立管資用壓力計(jì)算和管徑選取與以上方法相同，計(jì)算結(jié)果見下表;:管段號(hào)QGLdvR?ξ???p累計(jì)壓力損失Wkg/hmmmm/sPa/mpaPaPa立管A2資用壓力453034104.369614.15150.1735.82506.85326.514.21376.565883.418463034104.369618150.1735.82644.765414.21767.341412.12295.518?不平衡率=3399.3-2295.23399.3管段號(hào)QGLdvR?ξ???p累計(jì)壓力損失Wkg/hmmmm/sPa/mpaPaPa立管A3資用壓力433034104.369614.15150.1735.82506.85326.514.21376.565883.418443034104.369618150.1735.82644.765414.21767.341412.12295.52?不平衡率=3136.57-2295.23136.57立管413925135.0214.5200.1212.58182.4126.57.08187.62370.03423925135.0218150.2257.271030.865423.791284.662315.522685.55?不平衡率=立管39235581.01214.15150.1321.9309.88526.58.31220.215530.140235581.01218150.1321.9394.2548.31448.74842.941373.04?不平衡率=3201.23-1373.043201.23立管A6373907134.40086.3200.1212.4878.62420.57.08145.14223.76437‘3907134.40087.85150.2157.07447.9995621.68130.08578.0795383907134.400818150.2157.071027.265421.681170.722197.982999.82?不平衡率=3088.55-2999.82立管A7356309217.029614.15200.2030.58432.70719.519.66383.37816.07736'6309217.02963150.35141.52424.56960.22541.98966.54366309217.029615200.2030.58458.74519.66884.71343.43126.02?不平衡率=立管A8334148142.69127.85150.2362.72492.352626.01156.06648.41233'4148142.69126.3200.1313.8587.25520.58.31170.355257.61344148142.691218150.2362.721128.965426.011404.542533.53439.52?不平衡率=立管A9316310217.06414.15200.2030.58432.70719.519.66383.37816.07732'6310217.0643150.35141.52424.56960.22541.98966.54326310217.06415200.2030.58458.74519.66884.71343.43126.02?P31,32不平衡率=立管293700127.2814.15150.2052.35740.752526.519.66520.991261.743303700127.2818150.2052.35942.35419.661061.64.943265.68?不平衡率=3265.68立管277358253.115214.15200.2339.98565.71719.526.01507.1951072.912287358253.115218200.2339.98719.645426.011404.542124.183197.09?不平衡率=3006.58立管253622124.596814.15200.1110.83153.244526.55.95157.675310.9195263622124.596818150.2059.581072.445423.791284.662357.12668.02?不平衡率=2873.72立管236674229.585614.15150.3733.77477.845526.521.68574.521052.366246674229.585618150.3733.77607.865421.681170.721778.582830.95?不平衡率=立管216674229.5856