2022屆廣東省四校第一次聯考英語試題【教師版超詳細解析】

2022屆廣東省四校第一次聯考英語【教師版】考試時間120分鐘，總分120分注意事項：1.答題前，先將自己的姓名、準考證號等相關信息填寫在試卷和答題卡上的指定位置。2.選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑，寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。3.非選擇題的作答：用黑色字跡的簽字筆或鋼筆直接答在答題卡上對應的答題區(qū)域內，寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔。考試結束后，請將本試卷和答題卡一并上交。第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題每題2.5分滿分37.5分）ABrooklynChildren'sMuseumFoundedin1899asthecountry'sfirstmuseumspecificallymadeforchildren,todayBCMiscomprehensive,withapermanentcollectionof30,000objects,includingmusicalinstruments,masksanddolls.KidslovetheinteractiveWorldBrooklyn,asmallcityscape（城市風光）linedbystoreswherechildrencanpretendtobeworkinggrown-ups.Children'sMuseumofManhattanLookingforinteractiveartthatwelcomescuriousminds?ThenheadtoInsideArt,thecurrentshowupatCMOM,whichletsyourlittleonesclimbinandoverandallaroundtheexhibits.It'sideaslikethisthatmakethe40,000-square-footsospecial.Learningaboutculture,historyandscienceisaprideforkidsagedsixandunder.CMOMalsohostsclasses—likeGrossBiologyforkidswhoareinterestedininsects-alldesignedwiththelatestchild-developmentresearchinmind.DiMennaChildren'sHistoryMuseumThehands-ondisplaysatthiskid-focusedarmoftheNewYorkHistoricalSocietytransportchildrenbackthrough350yearsofUShistory,withaspecialfocusonNYC．Childrenareencouragedtoclimbaroundandinteractwithexhibitsthathighlightthelivesofkidswhogrewuptobecomefamousdoctors,athletesandpoliticalfigures!LittleNewYorkerscangetinonsing-alongsandcrafts.Otherfamilyprogramsincludecookingsclasses,gamesandstoryhours.StatenIslandChildren'sMuseumStatenIslandChildren'sMuseumnurtures（培養(yǎng)）creativity.Itoffershands-onexperiencesliketheBlockHarbor（plentyofblockstoplaywith!）,larger-than-lifegameslikeConnectFourandDominoes,andeventheopportunitytoclimbthroughahuman-sizedanthillorplayfirefighteratLadder11,soyou'llfindimmersive（沉浸式的）funaroundeverycorner.Don'tforgettostopbyGreenLivingRoompoweredbythewindenergywherethekidscanlearnaboutwaystoreduceourcarbonfootprint.1．Whichmuseumprovidesbiologyclassesforkids?A．BrooklynChildren'sMuseum. B．StatenIslandChildren'sMuseum.C．Children'sMuseumofManhattan. D．DiMennaChildren'sHistoryMuseum.2．WhatcankidsdoinDiMennaChildren'sHistoryMuseum?A．Playinterestinggameswithgreatfirefighters. B．Knowaboutfamouspeople'schildhoodlives.C．Runstoreslikeadultsindifferentsmallstreets. D．Cookdeliciouslocalfoodwithforeignathletes.3．Wherecankidslearnhowtoprotecttheenvironment?A．AtLadder11. B．AttheBlockHarbor.C．Onahuman-sizedanthill.D．InGreenLivingRoom.【答案】CBD這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了四個適合孩子參觀的博物館。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據Children'sMuseumofManhattan中“CMOMalsohostsclasses—likeGrossBiologyforkidswhoareinterestedininsects-alldesignedwiththelatestchild-developmentresearchinmind.(CMOM也主持一些課程，比如給那些對昆蟲感興趣的孩子們講生物課，這些昆蟲的設計都考慮到了最新的兒童發(fā)展研究)”可知，Children'sMuseumofManhattan會為孩子們提供生物課。故選C。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據DiMennaChildren'sHistoryMuseum中“Childrenareencouragedtoclimbaroundandinteractwithexhibitsthathighlightthelivesofkidswhogrewuptobecomefamousdoctors，athletesandpoliticalfigures!(孩子們被鼓勵到處攀爬，與突出了那些長大后成為著名醫(yī)生，運動員，政治家的孩子們的生活的展品互動)”可知，孩子們在DiMennaChildren'sHistoryMuseum可以了解著名人物的童年生活。故選B。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據StatenIslandChildren'sMuseum中“Don'tforgettostopbyGreenLivingRoompoweredbythewindenergy，wherethekidscanlearnaboutwaystoreduceourcarbonfootprint.(別忘了去綠色客廳，那里有風能供電，在這里孩子們可以了解減少低碳排放的方法)”可知，孩子們在GreenLivingRoom可以學習保護環(huán)境的方法。故選D。BIn1990,HalDonaldsonwas23yearsold,freshoutofcollegeandfoundhimselfinCalcutta,India,wherehewasaskedtointerviewMotherTeresa.Donaldsonsaysaboutthegreatwomanfamedforfeedingthehungry,“Shewasn'twearingshoesandherankleswereswollen.Shesatdownwithmeandwasverypolite.”Aftertheinterview,MotherTeresaaskedhim,“Whatareyoudoingtohelpthepoor?”Donaldsonadmittedthathewasyoungandwasn'tfocusedonhelpingothers.Withasmileonherface,MotherTeresasaid,“Everyonecandosomething.”ThosewordsdeeplystruckDonaldsonandforcedhimtofacesomehardtruthsabouthimself.HalDonaldsongrewupintheSanFranciscoBayarea.Whenhewas12yearsold,hisparentswerehitbyadrunkdriver;hisfatherdied,andhismotherwasseriouslyinjured.Tomakeendsmeet,theywentonwelfare.Donaldsonsays,“Ihadholesinmyshoesandclothes.Whenyou'reteasedatschoolforthat,youjustwanttoescape.”Hemanagedtodojustthat.DonaldsongotintocollegeandturnedhisfocustomakingmoneyforhimselfHesays,“Iwasjusttryingtofindmywayoutofinsignificance.However,it'seasytooverlookothersalongtheway.Iwastheguythatwouldseeahomelesspersonandcrossthestreet,soIdidn'thavetoconfront(面對)him.Myfocuswasonclimbingtothetopinsteadofhelpingthosetryingtoclimbwithme.”DonaldsonreturnedhomefromIndiawithadifferentthought.HetraveledtoeightcitiesinAmericaandstayedonthestreetsandlistenedtostoriesofthehomeless.“Myheartbroke,”hesays.“IknewIcouldnolongerjustliveformyself.”InspiredbyMotherTeresa'swordsandthestorieshe'dheardacrossAmerica.Donaldsonloadedapick-uptruckwith$300worthofgroceriesandhandedthemouttoanyonewhoneededhelp.In1994,Donaldsoncreatedthenonprofitorganization,ConvoyforHope,whichworkswithcommunitiesacrossAmericaandaroundtheworld.Theirworkfocusesonfeedingchildren,women'sempowerment,helpingfarmersanddisasterservices.4．Whatdid23-year-oldHalDonaldsondoinIndia?A．HeinterviewedMotherTeresa. B．HefedthehungrywithMotherTeresa.C．Heattendedaninterviewforacollege. D．Hedidsomethingtohelpthepoor.5．WhatcanwelearnaboutHalDonaldsonfromparagraph4?A．Hewasbornwithdisability. B．Heledahardlifeasachild.C．Hewaswelltreatedatschool. D．Hesurvivedasaparentlessboy.6．HowdoesHalDonaldsondescribehimselfincollege?A．Self-centered. B．Sympathetic. C．Popular. D．Casual.7．HowdidHalDonaldsonchangeafterhereturnedhomefromIndia?A．Hepreferredtravelingtovolunteering. B．Hesuddenlyfellinlovewithjournalism.C．Heturnedhisfocustolivingforhimself. D．Hegraduallydevotedhimselftohelpingothers.【答案】ABAD這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了從小生活艱苦的HalDonaldson在努力改善生活條件的時候忽視了身邊的人，而他與MotherTeresa的一次交流觸動了他，他開始關注那些需要幫助的人并逐漸致力于幫助他人。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段“In1990,HalDonaldsonwas23yearsold,freshoutofcollegeandfoundhimselfinCalcutta,India,wherehewasaskedtointerviewMotherTeresa.(1990年，23歲的HalDonaldson，剛從大學畢業(yè)，來到印度加爾各答，在那里他被要求采訪MotherTeresa)”可知，23歲的HalDonaldson在印度采訪了MotherTeresa。故選A。5．推理判斷題。根據第四段中的“Whenhewas12yearsold,hisparentswerehitbyadrunkdriver;hisfatherdied,andhismotherwasseriouslyinjured.Tomakeendsmeet,theywentonwelfare.(12歲時，他的父母被酒后駕車的司機撞了；他的父親去世了，他的母親受了重傷。為了收支相抵，他們靠救濟生活)”可推斷，童年時期的HalDonaldson過著艱難的生活。故選B。6．推理判斷題。根據第五段中的“Iwasjusttryingtofindmywayoutofinsignificance.However,it'seasytooverlookothersalongtheway.Iwastheguythatwouldseeahomelesspersonandcrossthestreet,soIdidn'thavetoconfront(面對)him.Myfocuswasonclimbingtothetopinsteadofhelpingthosetryingtoclimbwithme.(我只是想擺脫自己的卑微。然而，在這個過程中很容易忽略其他人。我是那種看到無家可歸的人就會過馬路的人，所以我不用去面對他。我的注意力集中在攀登頂峰上，而不是幫助那些試圖和我一起攀登的人)”可推斷，大學時期的HalDonaldson只關注如何改善自己的生活，是一個以自我為中心的人。故選A。7．推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段中的“DonaldsonreturnedhomefromIndiawithadifferentthought.HetraveledtoeightcitiesinAmericaandstayedonthestreetsandlistenedtostoriesofthehomeless.(Donaldson從印度回到家后，想法轉變了。他在美國去八個城市旅行了，待在街道上，傾聽那些無家可歸人們的故事)”和最后一段“InspiredbyMotherTeresa'swordsandthestorieshe'dheardacrossAmerica.Donaldsonloadedapick-uptruckwith$300worthofgroceriesandhandedthemouttoanyonewhoneededhelp.In1994,Donaldsoncreatedthenonprofitorganization,ConvoyforHope,whichworkswithcommunitiesacrossAmericaandaroundtheworld.(MotherTeresa的話語和他在美國各地聽到的故事激勵了他。Donaldson把價值300美元的食品雜貨裝上一輛小貨車，分發(fā)給任何需要幫助的人。1994年，Donaldson創(chuàng)立了非營利組織“希望車隊”，與美國和世界各地的社區(qū)合作)”可推斷，HalDonaldson從印度回家以后開始關注別人的生活并逐漸致力于幫助別人。故選D。CIfyourfingersgetchillyallyearround—eveninthepeakofsummer—you’renotalone.Manypeoplegetcoldhandsduringalloftheseasons,duetoanumberofcauses,fromgenetictochronicillnesses.Commonreasonsincludebeingelderlyandthin.Ifyourhandsareregularlycoldornumb,however,it’sagoodideatoseeadoctortoruleoutmoreseriouscauses.Coldhandsareoneofthesymptomsofbothanemia(貧血癥)andhypothyroidism(甲狀腺機能減退).Diabetes,whichreducesbloodcirculation,canalsotriggerit.Andifyourheartisweakfromheartdisease,yourbodymayprioritizesendingbloodtoyourcoreoveryourlimbs.Formanyothers,coldhandsareasigntheyhavealargelyharmlessconditioncalledRaynaud’sdisease.Whenanyofusgoesoutinthecold,ourbodiesactivatethemusclesinoursmallestbloodvesselstomakethemevensmaller—asurvivalmechanismtokeepblood,andthuswarmertemperatures,inourcore.ForpeoplewithRaynaud’s,thisreactionistoostrong,andinsteadofjustabitlessbloodgoingtotheirfingers,fartoolittlegetsthere.Raynaud’sismorecommoninwomen,anditmostoftendevelopsbeforetheageof30.Infact,ifyoudevelopRaynaud’swhenyou’reolder—usuallyafter40—itcanbeasignofanotherunderlyingissue.Thatcouldbeasmallerproblem—apreviousincidentoffrostbite(凍傷)orasignofamoreseriousautoimmunecondition,likelupus(狼瘡).ForthemajorityofpeoplelivingwithRaynaud’s,medicationwon’tbenecessary.However,arare,moresevereformofRaynaud’saffectslessthanonein1,000people.Inthesecases,bloodcanbecomecompletelyblocked,causingsoresonthehands.Iftheygountreated,itcanleadtogangrene(壞疽)and,veryrarely,amputation(截肢).8．What’sthepurposeofparagraph1?A．introduceatopic B．presentanargumentC．describethecharacters D．clarifyhiswritingpurpose9．Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisnotthecauseofcoldhands?A．Diabetes B．Heartdisease C．ObesityD．Aging 10．WhatdoweknowaboutRaynaud’sdisease?A．Itappearswhenbloodvesselsinyourbodyoverreacttohightemperatures.B．Insomecases,itcanbeasignofsomehealthissues.C．Malesneversufferfromitbeforetheageof30.D．Formostpeople,itisaserioushealthproblem.11．Whatwilltheauthortalkaboutinthefollowingparagraph?A．ThereasonswhypeoplehavecoldhandsB．DisadvantagesofcoldhandsC．MedicalresearchonRaynaud’sDiseaseD．WaystotreatRaynaud’sdiseaseandpreventcoldhands【答案】ACBD這是一篇說明文。文章講述了，如果你的手指一年四季都在發(fā)冷，可能是得了雷諾氏病，解釋了它的原因、癥狀、發(fā)病群體。8．推理判斷題。由第一段“Ifyourfingersgetchillyallyearround—eveninthepeakofsummer—you’renotalone.Manypeoplegetcoldhandsduringalloftheseasons,duetoanumberofcauses,fromgenetictochronicillnesses.”（如果你的手指一年四季都在發(fā)冷，即使是在盛夏時節(jié)，你也不孤單。許多人在整個季節(jié)都會手感冰冷，原因有很多，從遺傳病到慢性病。），可推斷出第一段的內容是為下文做鋪墊，為了介紹一個疾病話題。故選A項。9．細節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“Commonreasonsincludebeingelderlyandthin.”（常見的原因包括年老體瘦。）和“Coldhandsareoneofthesymptomsofbothanemia(貧血癥)andhypothyroidism(甲狀腺機能減退).Diabetes,whichreducesbloodcirculation,canalsotriggerit.Andifyourheartisweakfromheartdisease,yourbodymayprioritizesendingbloodtoyourcoreoveryourlimbs.”（手冰冷是貧血和甲狀腺功能減退的癥狀之一。糖尿病會減少血液循環(huán)，也會引發(fā)手冰冷。如果你的心臟因為心臟病而虛弱，你的身體可能會優(yōu)先把血液輸送到你的心臟而不是四肢。），可知年紀大、偏瘦、糖尿病和心臟病是導致雙手冰冷的原因，文章并未提及肥胖導致雙手冰冷。故選C項。10．細節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“Raynaud’sismorecommoninwomen,anditmostoftendevelopsbeforetheageof30.Infact,ifyoudevelopRaynaud’swhenyou’reolder—usuallyafter40—itcanbeasignofanotherunderlyingissue.”（雷諾氏病在女性中更為常見，最常在30歲之前發(fā)病。事實上，如果你在40歲以后得雷諾氏病的話，這可能是另一個潛在問題的征兆。），可知在某些情況下，雷諾氏病可能是一些健康問題的征兆。故選B項。11．推理判斷題。由最后一段“ForthemajorityofpeoplelivingwithRaynaud’s,medicationwon’tbenecessary.However,arare,moresevereformofRaynaud’saffectslessthanonein1,000people.Inthesecases,bloodcanbecomecompletelyblocked,causingsoresonthehands.Iftheygountreated,itcanleadtogangrene(壞疽)and,veryrarely,amputation(截肢).”（對于大多數雷諾氏病患者來說，藥物治療是不必要的。然而，一種罕見的，更嚴重的雷諾氏病影響不到千分之一的人。在這種情況下，血液會完全阻塞，導致手部疼痛。如果他們得不到治療，可能會導致壞疽和截肢。），可知本段主要講不同雷諾氏病患者，有的不需要治療，有的不治療，后果嚴重，可推斷出在下一段中，作者可能會談論雷諾氏病的治療及預防手部冰冷的方法。故選D項。DSix"sacrificialpits(祭祀坑)",datingback3,200to4,000years,werenewlydiscoveredinSanxingduiRuinssiteinGuanghan,SouthwestChina'sSichuanprovince.Over500artifacts,includinggoldmasks,bronzewares,ivories,jades,andtextiles,wereunearthedfromthesite.Sanxingduisite,firstfoundin1929,isgenerallyconsideredasoneofthemostimportantarchaeologicalsitesalongtheupperreachesoftheYangtzeRiver.However,large-scaleexcavationonthesiteonlybeganin1986,whentwopits—widelybelievedforsacrificialceremonies—wereaccidentallydiscovered.InvestigationintheareaaroundNo1and2pitswasrelaunchedinOctober2019,andNo3pitwasfoundinDecember2019,accordingtoLeiYu,aresearcherofSichuanProvincialCulturalRelicsandArchaeologyResearchInstitutewhoheadstheongoingexcavation.Thirty-fourresearchuniversitiesandresearchinstituteshavecooperatedinthisproject.Hesaidthenewdiscoverieswillhelptobetterunderstandmanyunexplainedfindingsin1986.MoreexcavationfollowedinMarch2020,andfivemorepitswerefoundlastyear.AnddetailedresearchbeganinOctober.Excavationcapsuleswithhi-techequipmentweresetupinthepitstobetterconservethesite.Sanxingduisitecoversanareaof12squarekilometers,anditscorezoneofanancientcitycoversnearly4squarekilometers.AccordingtotheNationalCulturalHeritageAdministration,studiesofSanxingduisitewillbecomeacrucialprojectinanongoingprogramArchaeologyChina,whichtriestoexplaintheoriginsofChinesecivilizationandhowdiverseculturescommunicateandcometogether.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“excavation”inparagraph2probablymean?A．Discovery B．DigC．Exploration D．Expansion13．HowdidarchaeologistspreservetheSanxingduisite?A．Bydividingthetaskofexcavationintoseveralparts.B．Bycooperatingwithresearchuniversitiesandinstitutes.C．Byusingexcavationcapsulearmedwithhi-techequipment.D．Byconductingmoreinvestigationsaroundthesite.14．Whatcanweinferaboutthepitsfromthetext?A．Allsacrificialsiteswerediscoveredinthemeantime.B．TheexcavationofSanxingduisiteonlybeganin1986.C．TherewerealtogethersixsacrificialpitsdiscoveredinSanxingduisiteD．Thesizeofthecorezoneisapproximately1/3timesthatofSanxingduisite.15．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．SacrificialpitswereunearthedinSanxingduiSite.B．SanxingduiSiteneededtobeconserved.C．SanxingduidiscoveriescastlightonancientChina.D．Hi-techhelpedtoexcavateSanxingduiSite.【答案】BCDA本文是說明文。文章按照時間順序著重介紹了三星堆遺址中祭祀坑的發(fā)現、發(fā)掘工作及意義。12.猜測詞義題。該詞所在句子“However,large-scaleexcavationonthesiteonlybeganin1986,whentwopits—widelybelievedforsacrificialceremonies—wereaccidentallydiscovered”（當兩個祭祀坑被意外發(fā)現，三星堆大規(guī)模的挖掘工作1986年才真正開始。）再結合第一自然段最后一句話里的unearth可推測該劃線詞的意思是“挖掘、發(fā)掘”。A選項“發(fā)現”；B選項“挖掘；發(fā)掘”；C選項“探索；發(fā)現”；D選項“擴大；擴張”。故選B。13.細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段最后一句話“Excavationcapsuleswithhi-techequipmentweresetupinthepitstobetterconservethesite.”（在坑內設置了裝有高科技設備的挖掘膠囊，以更好地保存該址）可知，考古學家采用配備高科技設備的挖掘膠囊保護了三星堆遺址。故選C。14.推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Sanxingduisitecoversanareaof12squarekilometers,anditscorezoneofanancientcitycovers3.6squarekilometers.”（三星堆面積12平方公里，核心區(qū)域占地大約4平方公里，大約三分之一。）可知，核心區(qū)面積約為三星堆遺址的1/3。故選D。15.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，全文按照時間順序著重介紹了三星堆遺址中祭祀坑的發(fā)現、發(fā)掘工作，可以確定全文關鍵信息為Sarificialpits,discovered,SangxingduiSite.A選項關鍵詞為Sacrificialpits+unearthed;B選項關鍵詞為SanxingduiSite+neededtobeconserved;C選項為discoveries+castlighton;D選項為Hi-tech+helpedtoexcavate….。綜上所述，A選項能高度概括全文，故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題每題2.5分滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，選項中有兩項多余。Whengerms,suchasbacteriaorviruses,invadethebody,theyattackandmultiply.16Theimmunesystemusesseveraltoolstofightinfection（感染）.Bloodcontainsredbloodcells,forcarryingoxygentotissuesandorgans,andwhiteorimmunecells,forfightinginfection.Thesewhitecellsconsistprimarilyofmacrophages（巨噬細胞）,BcellsandTcells.Macrophagesswallowupanddigestgerms,plusdeadanddyingcells.Theyleavebehindpartsoftheinvadinggermscalledantigens（抗原）.17Bcellsaredefensivewhitebloodcellswhichproduceantibodies.Tcellsarealsodefensivewhitebloodcells.Theyattackcellsinthebodythathavealreadybeeninfected.Thefirsttimethebodycomesacrossagerm,itcantakeseveraldaystomakeanduseallthegermfightingtoolsneededtogetovertheinfection.Aftertheinfection,theimmunesystemrememberswhatislearnedabouthowtoprotectthebodyagainstthatdisease.18Theyhelpdevelopimmunitybyimitatinganinfection.Thistypeofinfection,however,almostnevercausesillness,butitdoescausetheimmunesystemtoproduceTcellsandantibodies.Sometimes,aftergettingavaccine（疫苗）,theimitationinfectioncancauseminorsymptoms.Forinstance,afever.19Oncetheimitationinfectiongoesaway,thebodyisleftwithasupplyofdefensivecellsthatwillrememberhowtofindthatdiseaseinthefuture.20Therefore,itispossiblethatapersoninfectedwiththediseasejustbeforeorjustaftervaccinationcoulddevelopsymptomsandgetadisease,becausethevaccinehasnothadenoughtimetoprovideprotection.A．Vaccinesbasicallyworkthesameway.B．Thisinvasion,calledaninfection,iswhatcausesillness.C．Vaccinespreventdiseasesthatcanbedangerous,orevendeadlyD．Scientiststakemanydifferentapproachestodevelopingvaccines.E.Thebodyidentifiesthemasdangersandexcitesantibodiestoattackthem.F.Suchminorsymptomsarenormalandshouldbeexpectedasthebodybuildsimmunity.G.However,ittypicallytakesafewweeksforthebodytoproducethosedefensivecellsaftervaccination.【答案】BEAFG本文是說明文。介紹了人體免疫系統(tǒng)和疫苗是如何工作的。16．根據前一句“Whengerms,suchasbacteriaorviruses,invadethebody,theyattackandmultiply.（當細菌或病毒等細菌侵入人體時，它們就會攻擊并繁殖。）”和空后“Theimmunesystemusesseveraltoolstofightinfection（感染）（免疫系統(tǒng)使用幾種工具來對抗感染。）”可知，空處承接上一句講述細菌的入侵；根據選項可知，選項B.Thisinvasion,calledaninfection,iswhatcausesillness.(這種入侵被稱為感染，是導致疾病的原因。)承上啟下，符合題意，此處infection與下文“fightinfection”呼應。故選B。17．根據空前“Macrophagesswallowupanddigestgerms,plusdeadanddyingcells.Theyleavebehindpartsoftheinvadinggermscalledantigens（抗原）.（巨噬細胞吞噬和消化細菌，以及死亡和垂死的細胞。它們留下了被稱為抗原的入侵細菌的部分。）和后文描述可知，本段介紹巨噬細胞、B細胞和T細胞的作用，前三句介紹的是巨噬細胞。E選項Thebodyidentifiesthemasdangersandexcitesantibodiestoattackthem.(身體將它們視為危險，并激發(fā)抗體來攻擊它們。)中的them指的是上文提到的antigens抗原，符合題意。故選E。18．根據文章結構可知，上文講的是免疫系統(tǒng)如何工作，下文講疫苗工作原理，故A選項為此處的最佳銜接。“Theyhelpdevelopimmunitybyimitatinganinfection.（它們通過模仿感染來幫助培養(yǎng)免疫力。）”中的“They”指的是Vaccines疫苗。故選A。19．根據空前“Sometimes,aftergettingavaccine（疫苗）,theimitationinfectioncancauseminorsymptoms.（有時，接種疫苗后，模仿感染會引起輕微的癥狀。）“可知，空處進一步闡述疫苗可能引發(fā)的輕微癥狀，結合選項可知，選項F.Suchminorsymptomsarenormalandshouldbeexpectedasthebodybuildsimmunity.(這種輕微的癥狀是正常的，應該在身體建立免疫力的時候出現。)承接前一句，符合題意。minorsymptoms.對應Suchminorsymptoms。故選F。20．根據空后“Therefore,itispossiblethatapersoninfectedwiththediseasejustbeforeorjustaftervaccinationcoulddevelopsymptomsandgetadisease,becausethevaccinehasnothadenoughtimetoprovideprotection.（因此，由于疫苗沒有足夠的時間提供保護，在接種疫苗之前或之后感染疾病的人可能會出現癥狀并患病。）“可知，空處與后文形成因果關系，結合選項可知，選項G.However,ittypicallytakesafewweeksforthebodytoproducethosedefensivecellsaftervaccination.(然而，接種疫苗后，身體通常需要幾周的時間才能產生這些防御細胞。)符合題意。故選G。第二部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題每題1分滿分15分）Bingley,aSayreSchoolstudentfromAmerica,decidedthathewoulddevotehimselftostudyingtheenvironmenttohaveabroadinfluenceonthecommunity.Toreducethecarbonfootprint,Bingleyplannedto6enoughsolarenergytopowertheschool'ssciencelabs.Nowhisplanissettohappen.Tofix30solarpanelsis7forlateNovember,Ashebeganhisresearch8solarenergy,hediscoveredausefulphoneapp.Byenteringanaddress,hecouldfindouthowmuchsunlightthe9receiveseachday.Basedonthedata,hefoundthathisschoolbuildingwasthebestposition.Atthesuggestionofhisscienceteacher,DebbieWheeler,hefirstperformedanenergy10ofthesciencelabtoseehowmuchenergyatypicallabusesperday.Then,hestartedhisresearch,11alocalcompanyofsolarpanelstodothejob.Helackedmoneyforstartingtheproject,sohe12Sayre'sheadtosupporthimafterexplainingthe13ofsolarpowerfortheschoolandcommunity.SinceSayreprovidedthe14seedmoneytoprovideinfrastructureandthepurchaseofonepanel,theprojecthas15toincludeatotalof30panels.Theyareexpectedtoproduceenoughenergyto16allthesciencelabsoncampus.“ItfeelslikeadreamtothinkthatanideaIhadfrommyAPEnvironmentalclasswouldhavethiskindof17,”saidBingley,expressinggratitudeforWheeler'shelp.WheelersaidthesuccesswasduetoBingley'seffortsand18tofollowthroughontheprojectfromstarttofinish.“I'vehadotherstudentstalkabout19initiatives(倡議)oncampus,butBingleyhadthepersistenceandcouragetomakeithappen,"shesaid.Bingleysaidthathewould20liketostudyenvironmentalengineeringatuniversity.21．A．explore B．invest C．produce D．switch22．A．defined B．identified C．output D．scheduled23．A．beyond B．on C．with D．through24．A．location B．destination C．transmission D．occasion25．A．surplus B．allowance C．budget D．calculation26．A．employing B．contacting C．protecting D．urging27．A．convinced B．demanded C．refreshed D．submitted28．A．causes B．plots C．benefits D．origins29．A．initial B．flexible C．optional D．sustainable30．A．accumulated B．grown C．rewarded D．sponsored31．A．decorate B．furnish C．run D．equip32．A．influence B．criterion C．experience D．management33．A．caution B．fraternity C．inspiration D．willingness34．A．cultural B．environmental C．practical D．theoretical35．A．casually B．deliberately C．eventually D．gradually【答案】CDBADBACABCADBC這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了學生Bingley為了減少碳足跡，進行科學研究，在學校的資助下聯系太陽能板公司安裝太陽能給學?？茖W實驗室提供能量。21．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：為了減少碳足跡，Bingley計劃生產足夠的太陽能來給學校的科學實驗室提供能量。A.explore探索；B.invest投資；C.produce生產；D.switch轉變。由下文“topowertheschool'ssciencelabs”(給學校的科學實驗室提供能量)可知，空處是生產足夠的太陽能，故選C。22．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：要固定30個太陽能板被安排在11月底。A.defined定義；B.identified辨認出；C.output輸出；D.scheduled安排。由上文“hisplan”(他的計劃)可知，此處是表示計劃，安排，故選D。23．考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：當他開始關于太陽能的研究時，他發(fā)現了一個有用的手機應用軟件。A.beyond超過；B.on關于；在......上；C.with和；隨著；D.through通過。由上下文“research________solarenergy”可知，此處表示關于太陽能的研究，故選B。24．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：通過進入一個地址，他能發(fā)現這個地方一天能照到多少太陽。A.location位置；地點；B.destination目的地；C.transmission傳遞；發(fā)送；D.occasion場合。由上文“enteringanaddress,”(進入一個地址)可知，空處表示地方，故選A。25．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在他科學老師DebbieWheeler的建議下，他第一次計算了科學實驗室的能量來看一下一個典型的實驗室每天能用多少太陽能。A.surplus剩余；B.allowance津貼；C.budget預算；D.calculation計算。由下文“toseehowmuchenergyatypicallabusesperday.”(來看一下一個典型的實驗室每天能用多少太陽能)可知，為了看實驗室要用多少能量，他是需要計算的，故選D。26．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，他開始他的研究，他聯系當地一個太陽能板公司來做這項工作。A.employing雇傭；B.contacting聯系；C.protecting保護；D.urging力勸；催促。由下文“Helackedmoneyforstartingtheproject”(他缺錢來啟動這個項目)可知，他沒有錢啟動項目，所以是聯系太陽能板公司來做這項工作，故選B。27．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他缺錢來啟動這個項目，因此他解釋了太陽能對于學校和社區(qū)有好處以此來說服Sayre的上司來支持他。A.convinced說服；使確信；B.demanded命令；要求；C.refreshed更新；使......恢復；D.submitted上交。由下文“Sayre'sheadtosupporthim”(Sayre的上司來支持他)可知，他是說服Sayre的上司來支持他，故選A。28．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他缺錢來啟動這個項目，因此他解釋了太陽能對于學校和社區(qū)有好處以此來說服Sayre的上司來支持他。A.causes原因；B.plots情節(jié)；C.benefits好處；D.origins起源。由上下文“sohe___7_____Sayre'sheadtosupporthimafterexplainingthe___8___ofsolarpowerfortheschoolandcommunity.”可知，他通過解釋太陽能對學校和社區(qū)的好處，以此來說服別人支持他，故選C。29．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：自從Sayre提供給他第一筆種子基金來提供基礎設施和購買一個太陽能板，這個項目已經擴大，總共包括30個太陽能板。A.initial最初的；B.flexible靈活的；C.optional選擇的；D.sustainable持續(xù)的。由下文“seedmoney”(種子基金)可知，這是第一筆錢，故選A。30．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：自從Sayre提供給他第一筆種子基金來提供基礎設施和購買一個太陽能板，這個項目已經擴大，總共包括30個太陽能板。A.accumulated積累；B.grown成長；C.rewarded酬謝；獎賞；D.sponsored贊助。由下文“includeatotalof30panels”(總共包括30個太陽能板)可知，該項目已經擴大，故選B。31．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：它們預計生產足夠的能量來使學校的所有的實驗室運行。A.decorate裝飾；B.furnish提供；供應；C.run跑步；（使）運行；經營；管理；D.equip裝備；配備。由上文“Theyareexpectedtoproduceenoughenergy”(它們預計生產足夠的能量)可知，太陽能板生產足夠的能量，是要使學校實驗室能夠運行下去。故選C。32．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Bingley表達了對Wheeler的感謝，他說，我從AP環(huán)境課上想出的主意有這種影響，這就像一個夢。A.influence影響；B.criterion標準；C.experience經驗；經歷；D.management管理。由上文“produceenoughenergyto________allthesciencelabsoncampus.”(生產足夠的能量來學校的實驗室。)可知，Bingley的主意產生了影響，故選A。33．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Wheeler說成功是由于Bingley在進行這項項目時，從始至終都是努力的且樂于堅持做這個項目。A.caution小心；謹慎；B.fraternity友愛；C.inspiration靈感；鼓舞；D.willingness樂意。由下文“tofollowthroughontheprojectfromstarttofinish.”(自始至終都堅持做這個項目。)可知，Bingley是樂意自始至終堅持做這個項目，故選D。34．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我已經讓其他學生在校園談論環(huán)境倡議，但是Bingley用堅持和勇氣來使這件事發(fā)生。A.cultural文化的；B.environmental環(huán)境的；C.practical實際的；實用的；D.theoretical理論的。由第一段“hewoulddevotehimselftostudyingtheenvironmenttohaveabroadinfluenceonthecommunity”(他會致力于他自己來學習環(huán)境以此來對社區(qū)產生廣泛影響。)可知，Bingley進行的項目是有關環(huán)境的，所以此處表示“環(huán)境倡議”，故選B。35．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：Bingley說他最終會想要在大學學習環(huán)境工程。A.casually隨便地；B.deliberately故意的；C.eventually最后；D.gradually逐漸。由上下文“hewould________liketostudyenvironmentalengineeringatuniversity”(他想要在大學學習環(huán)境工程）可知，環(huán)境工程是他最終想要學習的，故選C。第二節(jié)（共15小題每題1分滿分15分）FifteenelephantsareapproachingtheChinesecityofKunming.Altogethertheanimals36．(cover)500kmfromtheirhabitatinanaturereserveneartheborderswithMyanmarandLaos.Andtheyarenownear37．cityof6.6millionpeople.Theyhavetravelledalonghighways38．throughfarmsoverthepastfewmonths.AndtheirjourneyhasbeenattractingtheattentionoftheChinesepublic.Expertsarenowdoingalltheycan39．(keep)theelephantsawayfromKunmingcity.Theyaresettingupbarriersalongtheway,40．(hope)togetthemtogobacktowardsthenaturereserve.Nooneknows41．theanimalshavewalkedsofarawayfrom42．(they)originalhabitat.Onereasoncouldbeadeclineintheamountofedible(可食用的)plantsintheirreserve,especially43．(supply)oftheirfavouritefoods.Anotherreasoncouldbeariseinnumbersinthewildelephantpopulationinthearea,from193inthe1980s44．around300today.Afurther45．(possible)isthattheelephants,leadercouldhaveledthemastray(迷路).【答案】36．havecovered37．the38．and39．tokeep40．hoping41．why42．their43．supplies44．to45．possibility本文是一篇新聞報道。主要說明了十五只大象正在接近中國城市昆明。在過去的幾個月里，它們沿著公路和農場旅行。它們的旅程吸引了中國公眾的注意。36．考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：在緬甸和老撾邊境附近的一個自然保護區(qū)，這些動物的棲息地距離它們總共有500公里。表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現在產生的影響，應用現在完成時，主語為animals，助動詞用have。故填havecovered。37．考查冠詞。句意：