EEC英語九年級下冊一單元Structure

EEC教材九年級下冊英語

UnitOne

ThePictureofPeace

Structure現(xiàn)在完成時

單位：哈爾濱市第156中學(xué)作者：安海燕學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)1.學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時的定義2.學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成3.學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時的用法4.學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時與過去時的區(qū)別5.現(xiàn)在完成時的注意事項(xiàng)春天還會遠(yuǎn)嗎?willitstillbefarinspring?冬天已經(jīng)來了,Winterhasalreadycome,

現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)Winter

hasalready

come.請同學(xué)們回憶自己曾經(jīng)做過的動作：Forexample:1.Ididmyhomeworklastnight.2.IboughtabooklastSunday.那么哪些動作對現(xiàn)在的情況造成了影響呢？請你說出來Forexample:1.Ihavefinishedmyhomeworknow.2.Ihavehadabookforaweek.now表示動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果,或動作持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，且可能繼續(xù)下去。Wow!Theclassroomissoclean.Whohascleanedit?意義：Wehaveknowneachotherforabouttenyears.意義：教室已經(jīng)打掃，對現(xiàn)在的情況產(chǎn)生了影響說明我們從十年前認(rèn)識一直到現(xiàn)在，且繼續(xù)延續(xù)。現(xiàn)在完成時的含義:1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果,常與一些時間狀語,如:already,yet,ever,never,just,before,once,twice等連用，也可以和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間狀語，如thesedays,today,thisyear,sofar等連用。

Theyhaveleft.--他們已經(jīng)離開了,也就是說現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@里Ihave

hadmylunch.--我已經(jīng)吃過午飯了,也就是說我現(xiàn)在不餓2.表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還將繼續(xù)下去，可以和表示從過去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時間的狀語連用，標(biāo)志性時間短語for+時間段，since+時間點(diǎn)/從句，inthelasttenyears等，謂語只可用延續(xù)性動詞。Hehas

learnedEnglishsince2001.從2001年開始學(xué)的,現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù)學(xué)著呢現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成形式

have

done

has助動詞過去分詞下面請同學(xué)們歸納出現(xiàn)在完成時的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：1、肯定句：2、否定句：3、一般疑問句：主語（I/we/you）+have

主語（they）+have+過去分詞

主語（It/he/she）+has

主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+……Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+……?Yes，主語+have/has；

No，主語+haven’t/hasn’t過去分詞的構(gòu)成

規(guī)則變化：

1.直接加-ed。如：play-played2.以字母e結(jié)尾的直接加d。如：name-named3.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，變y為i加ed。如：carry-carried4.重讀閉音節(jié)且末尾只有一個輔音字母，雙寫這個輔音字母再加-ed。如：stop-stopped不規(guī)則變化：

am/is-was-beenare-were-beenbegin-began-begunbreak-broke-brokendo-did-done

draw-drew-drawndrink-drank-drunkdrive-drove-driveneat-ate-eatenfall-fell-fallenfly-flew-flownforget-forgot-forgottengive-gave-givengo-went-gonegrow-grew-grownhide-hid-hiddenknow-knew-knownlie-lay-lainride-rode-riddenring-rang-rungshow-showed-shownsee-saw-seensing-sang-sungspeak-spoke-spokentake-took-takencome-came-comerun-ran–runbecome-became-become肯定句Ihaveeatenmylunch.Shehaseatenherlunch.Hehaseatenhislunch.Theyhaveeatentheirlunch.否定句Ihavenot(haven’t)seenthefilm.Shehasnot(hasn’t)seenthefilm.現(xiàn)在完成時的否定形式：havenot(haven’t)+過去分詞hasnot(hasn’t)+過去分詞

Ihaven’teatensupper.eat-eatenHehasn’tchangedhisidea.change-changedMymotherhasn’e-comenowpastfuture一般過去時現(xiàn)在完成時一般過去時表示的是純粹在過去發(fā)生的事情現(xiàn)在完成時表示的是在過去某個時間開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作/狀態(tài),或者發(fā)生在過去卻對現(xiàn)在造成的影響

現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的比較

1）一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作；

現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。Isawthisfilmyesterday.

（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.

（強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）2）一般過去時

常與具體的表示過去的時間狀語連用;

現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。一般過去時的時間狀語:

yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1990,inOctober,justnow,…--具體的時間狀語

現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語:

for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently,…--模糊的時間狀語句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如yesterday,last,week,in1960）時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時

（錯）Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.

（對）Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.3）現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.

一般過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。

ShejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.(加入的動作不是延續(xù)的)

ShehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))

ShehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).

(是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))

PutthefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.A:火車已經(jīng)開走了.B:什么時候開走的?A:半個小時之前開走的.A:這本書我已經(jīng)買了兩年了.B:你在哪兒買的?A:在我老家買的.A:你看過這部電影嗎?B:看過.A:什么時候看的.B:上周星期天看的.A:Thetrainhasleft.B:Whendiditleave.A:Itlefthalfanhourago.A:haveyouseenthefilm?B:Yes,Ihave.A:Whendidyouseeit?B:IsawitlastSunday.A:I`vehadthebookfortwoyears.B:Wheredidyoubuyit?A:Iboughtitinmyhometown.

延續(xù)動詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷；瞬間動詞表示行為的結(jié)果，不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。比較延續(xù)動詞與瞬間動詞

Hehasfinishedthework.他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。(表結(jié)果)

I’veknownhimsincethen.我從那時起就認(rèn)識他了。(表經(jīng)歷)borrowkeep營業(yè)時間：7:00am-8:00pmopenbeopen

英語中行為動詞根據(jù)詞義可分為兩種，一種是延續(xù)性的，如teach,study,learn,live等。一種是非延續(xù)性的，如open,close,die,buy,leave,come等，表示動作的發(fā)生與結(jié)束于一瞬間完成，不能再延續(xù)，所以它的現(xiàn)在完成時不能和表示延續(xù)的時間狀語連用，即不能與表示一段時間的狀語，for+時間段,since+時間點(diǎn)/從句連用，也不能用在howlong引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句中。常見瞬間動詞巧記：開始離去，借來還，（begin,leave,go,borrow,come,return）出生入死，買到家。(join,die,buy,arrive)常見非延續(xù)性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換：open-------2.die--------start/begin-------4.finish--------getup------6.become------join-----8.leave-----fallill/asleep----10.arrive/come/goto---11.borrow-----12.buy------beopenbein/atbeonhavekeepbeupbeill/asleepbeamember/beinbeawayfrombebeoverbedead請你來找茬兒：1.Thefilmhasbegunforfiveminutes.2.Hismotherhasdiedsincetwoyearsago.3.Ihaveboughtthecomputerforalongtime.4.HelenhasjoinedtheYouthLeaguesince2000.5.Howlonghaveyoufallenill?beenonbeendeadhadbeeninbeenill實(shí)力測驗(yàn)根據(jù)提示填空He____________(離開)foranhour.I________(到達(dá))atthestationforfiveminutes.--MayI______(借)yourdictionary?--Sorry,I_________(借)ittoMary.--when____she_____(借)it?--Twodaysago，she________itfortwodays.4.Thefactory____________(開業(yè))sincelastyear.5.We__________(參加)theYouthLeaguefortwoyears.6.Thedog____________(死)since3daysago.7.Thefilm___________(開始)forfiveminutes.8.Howlong_____you_________(待在)inLondon?hasbeenawayhavebeenborrowhasbeenopenhavebeeninhasbeendeadhasbeenonhavebeen/stayedhavelentborrowdidhaskept活動:

采訪身邊的同學(xué)NameHobbyHowlongforsinceinthepast…yearsforsinceHelencollectstampstenyearstenyearsagoWhat’syourhobby?Exercises

Hisfatherhasdied.(for2years)Thefootballmatchhasbegun.(since9:00a.m)Thetwinshavejoinedthearmy.(sincetheyare18yearsold)Myteacherhasjust

leftNanjing.(for3days)Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor2years.Thefootballmatchhasbeenonsince9:00a.m.Thetwinshavebeensoldiers/beeninthearmysincetheyare18yearsold.MyteacherhasbeenawayfromNanjingfor3daysTomfouryearsago.現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時Tomforfouryears.Tomsincehewasborn.nownownowwasbornhaslivedhaslivedHe____________(work)inourschoolforoneyear.He______(come)toourschoollastyear/in2002.They_______________(cook)thesupperalready.They___________(cook)thesupperhalfanhourago.hasworkedcamecookedhavecooked

since用來說明動作起始時間—“自從……”for用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度—“長達(dá)……”

Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.

IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.

Myaunthasworkedinacompanysince1949.

Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.比較since和for注意：并非有for作為時間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時

Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.

(我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)

Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.

(現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。)重點(diǎn)句型:

Itis/hasbeen+段時間+since從句

段時間+haspassed+since從句

eg.他死了兩年了：Hediedtwoyearsago.Hehasbeendeadfortwoyears/sincetwoyearsagoItis/hasbeentwoyearssincehedied.Twoyearshaspassedsincehedied.

1.這本書我借了一個月了。Iborrowedthisbookamonthago.Itis/hasbeenamonthsinceIborrowedthebook.Ihavekeptthebookforamonth./sinceamonthago.AmonthhaspassedsinceIborrowedthebook.HehasgonetoShanghai.他(已經(jīng))去上海了。HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾經(jīng))去過上海。比較have/hasbeentohave/hasgonetohave/hasgoneto…

have/hasbeenin…

have/hasbeento…

1.A:Where’sJim,LiLei?B:He____________theschoollibrary.2.TheGreens_____________Chinaforthreeyears.We_____________theGreatWalltwice.It’sverybeautiful.A

BAA

Bstay

BhasgonetohavebeeninhavebeentoHave/hasgoneto

have/hasbeento

have/hasbeeninhave/hasgoneto:已經(jīng)去了或在途中，還沒有返回；have/hasbeento:曾經(jīng)去過某地，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了,后面可接表示“次數(shù)”的狀語;have/hasbeenin:表示某人“已在某地停留一段時間，現(xiàn)仍在那里”，其后常帶表示一段時間的狀語。ExercisesTom在哪兒？他去書店買書了。我在北京待了5年了。Jack去過上海兩次了-WhereisTom?-Hehasgonetothebookshoptobuysomebooks.IhavebeeninBeijingfor5years.JackhasbeentoShanghaitwice.HewenttoShanghailastweek.

他(曾經(jīng))到/去過上海

[在他人生中曾經(jīng)有過這樣的經(jīng)歷,但他人現(xiàn)在肯定不是在上海而是回來了]他已經(jīng)去上海了

[也許剛動身出發(fā),也許已經(jīng)到了,也許還在路上,反正他人不在這里]上周他[做了一件事:那就是]去了上海HehasbeentoShanghai.HehasgonetoShanghai.HehasbeeninShanghaifor10years.他呆在上海迄今為止已經(jīng)10年了[現(xiàn)在還在上海沒有離開呢]HelivedinShanghaifor10years.以前他在上海住過10年

[現(xiàn)在不在上海了]辨析這些句子由時態(tài)導(dǎo)致的含義上的差別Correcting

1.Ihaveborrowedthebookfor3months.2.Mybotherhasjoinedthearmysincehewas18.3.JackandTomhavelivedheresince5years.4.ThefilmhasbeenonsinceIhavecometothecinema.5.WhenhasMr.Licaughtabadcold?

havekepthasbeenin/beenamemberofthearmysince5yearsago/for5yearscamedidcatch6.Tenyearshavepassedsincetheygotmarried.7.JimhasgonetoBeijingfor2years.8.Whattimehavethefactoryopened?9.IhavegonetoChunhuaMiddleSchooltwicehashasbeenindidopenbeentoHedied10yearsago.---He____________for10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.---He________thebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.---He________themotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.---He________heresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.---Thelight____________for2hours.6.Helefthere2yearsago.---He____________fromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.---Thefilm____________for30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.---Thedoor____________foranhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.---Thedoor____________foranhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.---He________a____forayear.---He____________thearmyforayear.---It____ayear____hejoinedthearmy.延續(xù)性動詞和瞬間性動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化Hedied10yearsago.---Hehasbeendeadfor10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.---Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.---Hehashadthemotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.---Hehasbeenheresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.---Thelighthasbeenonfor2hours.6.Helefthere2yearsago.---Hehasbeenawayfromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.---Thefilmhasbeenonfor30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.---Thedoorhasbeenopenforanhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.---Thedoorhasbeenclosedforanhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.---Hehasbeenasoldierforayear.---Hehasbeeninthearmyforayear.---Itisayearsincehejoinedthearmy.延續(xù)性動詞和瞬間性動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化(keys)Makeadialogue

A:Hidear,I’mhome.B:Hi,Mum.________________A:_______________________.Ihaveboughtmanybeautifulflowers.______________________?