無辜的“絕處逢生”-《一雙最藍(lán)的眼睛》中佩科拉的生存困境

WORD格式整理版/WORD格式整理版本科生畢業(yè)論文題目無辜的"絕處逢生"——《一雙最藍(lán)的眼睛》中佩科拉的生存困境姓名學(xué)號(hào)系班外本0901班專業(yè)英語指導(dǎo)教師職稱講師CONTENTS漢語提綱I中文摘要 ⅢAbstract 11.Introduction 12.Pecola’sLivingDilemma 32.1SocialFactors 32.1.1DifficultyfromtheGreatDepression 32.1.2LostintheInternalizedWhiteValues 42.1.3MiseryTransferredtoPecolabySomeMinority 42.2FamilyFactors 52.2.1Father’sRudeness 52.2.2Mother’sNeglect 62.2.3Brother’sHelplessness 62.3PersonalFactors 62.3.1DisplacementandLossofSelf-value 72.3.2PassiveEnduringtheMisery 72.3.3DesireforLoveandMisunderstandingaboutLove 83.Conclusion 9References 10Acknowledgements 12畢業(yè)論文〔設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書 13畢業(yè)論文〔設(shè)計(jì)開題報(bào)告 14畢業(yè)論文〔設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)記錄表······························································17畢業(yè)論文〔設(shè)計(jì)成績評(píng)定表〔指導(dǎo)教師用········································18畢業(yè)論文〔設(shè)計(jì)成績評(píng)定表〔評(píng)閱教師用········································19畢業(yè)論文〔設(shè)計(jì)成績評(píng)定表〔評(píng)閱教師用········································20WORD格式整理版無辜的"絕處逢生"〔提綱——《一雙最藍(lán)的眼睛》中佩科拉的生存困境1.引言文獻(xiàn)回顧《一雙最藍(lán)的眼睛》于1970年出版,是1993年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)獲得者托妮·莫里森〔1931-的第一部小說。國內(nèi)關(guān)于這部小說的研究也較多,主要集中于主題分析、創(chuàng)作手法和人物分析〔賀淑娟2007,但大多從文化角度整體闡述美國白人文化滲透下黑人的抗?fàn)幣c生存,如袁彬、黃馳的"文化沖突中的抗?fàn)幣c生存——論托妮·莫里森《最藍(lán)的眼睛》"〔《英美文學(xué)研究論叢》2004,4,虞建華主編的《美國文學(xué)辭典·作家與作品》〔2005以及王守仁主編的《新編美國文學(xué)史》〔第四卷,2002中對《最藍(lán)的眼睛》的分析介紹等。單獨(dú)對人物分析的較少,而對佩科拉的悲劇成因雖有涉及,也還是從成人視角去分析、探討,如高繼海的"佩科拉悲劇探源——評(píng)托尼·莫里森《最藍(lán)的眼睛》"〔XX大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2001,43,3中雖也提及佩科拉自身對其悲劇負(fù)有責(zé)任,但以成人的評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)"哀其不幸,怒其不爭"。與之不同的是,本文試以小說主人公佩科拉的立場和視角,從社會(huì)、家庭、佩科拉自身三方面探析佩科拉的生存困境,結(jié)合文本體會(huì)和分析佩科拉的心理變化,找出佩科拉的生存迷津。這一部分簡要介紹托妮·莫里森及其主要作品,主要介紹《一雙最藍(lán)的眼睛》這部小說的背景、情節(jié),結(jié)構(gòu)和敘述特點(diǎn)。2.佩科拉的生存困境2.1社會(huì)因素佩科拉作為一個(gè)社會(huì)個(gè)體,她的命運(yùn)與她生活的社會(huì)環(huán)境關(guān)系極大。佩科拉生存的周邊環(huán)境的冷漠讓她得不到群體的關(guān)愛,生活艱難。論文主要從以下三方面詳述：經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條影響下的困窘白人文化內(nèi)化的黑人迷失少數(shù)異族將所受委屈對弱轉(zhuǎn)嫁2.2家庭因素家本是溫馨的港灣,但對佩科拉而言,家讓她感受不到愛。取而代之的是父母無盡的爭吵和難以讀懂的復(fù)雜情感,他們不關(guān)心她甚至也像外人一樣認(rèn)為她丑；哥哥選擇離家出走或加入到父母的廝打中而不是幫她一起面對。她只能孤獨(dú)地忍受著父母成長陰影交織影響下的苦難生活。在這樣的家庭中,她的生存陷入困境。筆者分別從以下三個(gè)方面探討家庭對佩科拉的生存造成的困境：父親的粗暴母親的冷漠哥哥的漠然2,3佩科拉自身因素佩科拉只是一個(gè)小女孩,需要有人指引她成長；但冷漠的環(huán)境中,她只能自己摸索著生存。當(dāng)遭受社區(qū)人們冷遇時(shí),她只能憑借別人的審美標(biāo)準(zhǔn)去奢求自己有一雙最藍(lán)的眼睛。她渴望被愛,但沒人給她愛,也沒人告訴她什么是愛。她對愛的誤解讓她遭受致命的身心摧殘。絕望中的她選擇了瘋癲而非輕生,在她的世界里"絕處逢生"。生存的希望似乎并未泯滅。筆者分別從以下三個(gè)方面探討佩科拉的年齡和經(jīng)歷的局限對她的生存造成的困境和她做出的具有被動(dòng)和主動(dòng)雙重含義的選擇,她的生存迷津：自我價(jià)值錯(cuò)位和迷失被動(dòng)忍受慘痛遭遇對愛的渴求和誤解3.結(jié)語從成年人的視角來看,佩科拉的遭遇是悲劇。但承受這樣的悲劇卻是無辜的：經(jīng)濟(jì)的困窘和白人世界里黑人群體的自我迷失讓一個(gè)尚不具備獨(dú)立生存能力的小女孩得不到正常的生存環(huán)境而不能正常生活。從佩科拉的心理角度感悟,她的瘋癲成了無奈狀態(tài)下的主動(dòng)選擇。盡管她最終獨(dú)自探尋的愛之路失敗了,但單純的她依舊沒有喪失希望。這樣,無辜的佩科拉在悲慘的世界里"絕處逢生"了。而"希望"也是莫里森要傳達(dá)給讀者的。她以克勞蒂亞孩童的口吻說"解釋這些事太難",所以只呈現(xiàn)故事本身。作者以人文關(guān)懷講述著故事,但卻避免讀者"對小說人物追根究源"繼續(xù)傷害,重復(fù)錯(cuò)誤〔石琳2009：6。莫里森引導(dǎo)讀者思考如何在以白人為主要群體的環(huán)境里保持清醒,更好地生存。"愛",是最好的解決方法:自愛,他愛,團(tuán)體愛。無辜的"絕處逢生"——《一雙最藍(lán)的眼睛》中佩科拉的生存困境系班：外語系本0901班姓名：李海旭學(xué)號(hào)：200902111014指導(dǎo)教師：王良生摘要：《一雙最藍(lán)的眼睛》是1993年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)獲得者托妮·莫里森〔1931-的第一部小說,講述女主人公佩科拉11歲一年間經(jīng)歷一系列慘痛遭遇后墜入瘋癲狀態(tài)的故事。本文試圖以佩科拉的立場和視角,從社會(huì)、家庭、個(gè)人三方面探析她遭遇的生存困境和她自己的生存迷津,旨在探尋莫里森人文關(guān)懷下對以黑人為代表的弱勢群體的生存思考。關(guān)鍵詞：托妮·莫里森,《一雙最藍(lán)的眼睛》,佩科拉,生存困境WORD格式整理版WORD格式整理版InnocentHopeforLiving——Pecola’sLivingDilemmainTheBluestEye系班：外語系本0901班姓名：李海旭學(xué)號(hào)：200902111014指導(dǎo)教師：王良生Abstract：TheBluestEyeisthefirstnovelofToniMorrison<1931->,thewinnerofthe1993NobelPrizeforLiterature.ThisnoveldealswiththestoryofPecolaBreedlove,whohassufferedfromlivingdilemmatolosesanityatherageof11.ThisstudyattemptstoillustratePecola’slivingsituationandherpassiveandpositivechoicefromherstanceandperspective.AnditaimsatlearningMorrison’senlightenmentaboutourbetterlivingfromherhumanizedcareabouttheweakgrouprepresentedbytheblack.Keywords:ToniMorrison,TheBluestEye,Pecola,livingdilemma1.IntroductionToniMorrison<1931->,acontemporaryAmericanliteraturemaster<Elliott2005:520>,wasthewinnerofthePulitzerPrizein1988andtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1993,andthelatteronemadeherbecomethefirstAfricanAmericanwriter,andalso,thesecondAmericanwomanwriterafterPearlBuckin1938toenjoythegreathonor.HernovelsincludeSongofSolomon<1977>,Beloved<1987>,Love<2003>,AMercy<2008>,etc.TheBluestEye,publishedin1970,isthefirstnovelofToniMorrisonand"establishedherplaceinblackliterature"<Wu1998:192>.ItissetintheGreatDepression,theexistedracialdiscrimination,andtheBlackisBeautifulmovement<Shi2009:3>.Itillustratesan11-year-oldblackgirlgetsinsanitywithhopeforthebluesteyesaftersufferingaseriesofabusefromherfamilyandhercommunityanditpresentsthevictimofinternalizedracismand"dominantwhiteAmerican’saestheticvalues"<Millard2006:15>.Pecola,theprotagonistofthenovel,showsupasaboarderduetohisfather’shavingburneddownhisfamily’shouse.Sheoftengetsthehost’sdislike.However,aftershemovesbackhomewithherfamily,Pecola’slifeisstilldifficult.Herfatherdrinks,hermotherisdistantandtheyoftenbeateachother.Herbrotheroftenrunsaway.Unconsciously,Pecolafeelssheisuglyandwishesapairofthebluesteyessothatherlifecanbechangedandshecanbeloved.However,shecannot.Whenshebuyscandy,thegrocershowsbitter;whensheisonthestreet,boysmakefunofher;whenshemeetsanew"friend",shegetsinsulted.Onceagainandagain,Pecolareceivesconfirmationofherownsenseofugliness.Shedesperatelylooksforwardtolove.However,nobodygivesher.Nobodytellsher.Shetriestofindlovehardalone.Afterhervisittowhoreswholiveintheapartmentabovehers,Pecolaambiguouslyfeelsromanticorsexuallovemaybeajoy,whichseemswhatshewantssimply.However,afterbeingrapedbyherbiologicalfatherandgettingpregnantandwithoutpowerfulhelp,Pecolalosessanity.Inherfantasyworld,she,withapairofthebluesteyesasshewishes,talkswithanimaginaryfriend.Thisnovelisstructuredinalineoffourseasonsofoneyear,fromautumntothenextsummerwithanopeningstoryfromthestandardelementaryschoolDick-and-Janereadingprimerofthe1940s<thetimeoftheaction>,whichisrepeatedthreetimesindifferentstyles——onewiththenormallygrammaticalsentences,onewithverbatimwithoutpunctuationandathirdtimeevenwithoutspacesbetweenletters<Wang2002:305>——tosharpenthecontrastbetweentheidealexperienceofthewhiteworldandtheactualexperienceoftheblackportrayedandofferthesignalofPecola’spsychologicalchange.Ofthenovel,Morrisonusesamulti-narratedmethodtotellthestory.Amongthese,Claudia’sperspectiveskillfullydealswithherchildishviewpointaboutwhatPecolaexperiencesandheradultviewpoint,whichcancorrectthechildishonewhenitisincomplete.Inthisway,Morrisontellsthemiseryandconveyshope.IntheafterwordtoTheBluestEye,Morrisonexplainshergoalinwritingthenovel."Shewantstomakeastatementaboutthedamagethatinternalizedracismcandotothemostvulnerablememberofacommunity——ayounggirl.Atthesametime,shedoesnotwanttodehumanizethepeoplewhowoundthisgirl,becausethatwouldsimplyrepeattheirmistake"<citedfromShi2009:5>.2.Pecola’sLivingDilemma"Allmenarecreatedequal"isnotfitforPecola.Asan11-year-oldblackgirl,Pecolaevencannotliveherlifenormallyletalonelivesequallywithothers.Infact,herlivingdilemmaiscausedcomplicatedly.Thesocialfactors,herfamilyfactorsandalsosheherselfareinevitablyassociated.2.1SocialFactorsPecolalivesinthetimeoftheGreatDepression,whentheracialdiscriminationstillexists.Theeconomydifficultyandmarginalizedgroupcircumstancesmaketheblackcommunityindifferent.What’smore,theinternalizedwhitevaluesmaketheblacklosethemselves.Theyliveaterriblelifeandpassitontheweakerthanthemselves.AndeventhechildrenatthesameagewithPecolabullyheraccordingtothewhitevalues.Besides,someotherminoritylivingonthemarginofsocietyliketheblack,suchasalight-skinnedWestIndian,treatsPecolarough.Inaword,Pecolacannotgetlovefromhersurroundings.Herlifeisveryhard.DifficultyfromtheGreatDepressionTheGreatDepressionmakesaheavyeffectonAmericaneconomyandtheblackparticularlysuffer.Whensupportingtheirfamiliesbecomesabigthing,theblackaresotiredphysicallyandpsychologicallythattheyhavenoenergytocareothers.Eveninthenarratorofthenovel,Claudia’slovingandstablefamily,theysufferracistbeautystandardsandmaterialinsecurity."Herparentsaremoreconcernedwithmakingendsmeetthanlavishingattentionupontheirdaughters"<Shi2009:7>.Thesisters,ClaudiaandFriedaMacTeer,gathercoalthathasfallenoutoftherailroadcars.AndtheirmotherlosthertemperwhenClaudiaunfortunatelycaughtacoldduringonetriptogathercoal,eventhoughMrs.MacTeerisnotmadatClaudia,butatthesicknessunderthepressureoflife.Baseduponthis,itisnotdifficulttounderstandMrs.MacTeer’scomplaintaboutPecola’sdrinkingthreequartsofmilkoutoftheShirleyTemple<ahugelypopularchildactressoftheday>cupinherfamily.Afterall,Pecolaisatemporaryboarderduetothecounty’sarrangementaftershebecomesahomelesschild,theobjectofpity,becauseofherfather’sburningdownthefamily’shouse.ButthisindeedhurtsPecola."Pecolafingeredthescaronherknee,headingasidewiththesenseofshame."<Hu2008:8>Livinginsuchanembarrassinglivingcircumstances,alittleblackgirlcannotliveherlifenormallywhensheneedslotsofcare.LostintheInternalizedWhiteValuesInthewhiteworld,whiteAmerican’sdominantaestheticvaluesacknowledgeblackskinisuglywhiletheblueeye,lightskinandyellowhairbelongtobeauty.Theblackthinktheyareuglyincommon.Theybelieve"Youareugly."fromthemassculturesuchastheadvertisementsandthescreenandtheyreadexactinformationfromtheeyesofthemass<Hu2008:14>.Sotheyprefertobuytheblonde,blue-eyedbabydollasChristmaspresentfortheirchildrenevenifitmaynotbeacceptedbytheirchildren,suchasClaudia.Andalso,itiseasytounderstandwhyPecolaissoaddictedtotheShirleyTemplethatsheincurredMrs.MacTeer’scomplainingasaresultofherexcessivemilkdrinking.Inadditiontotheinfluenceofthemassculturalnormaboutbeauty,theracismreinforcestheblacklosingtheirself-esteem.Forexample,whenPaulinegivesbirthtoPecolainthehospital,"adoctortellsagroupofstudentsthatblackwomendonotfeelpainwhilegivingbirth;theyare‘justlikehorses’"<Shi2009:99>.Also,Pecolaiswronglyblamedforkillingaboy’scatandiscalleda"nastylittleblackbitch"byhismother.Thus,Pecolacannotfindherself-esteem.Shegetslost.MiseryTransferredtoPecolabySomeMinorityWiththesimilarlydifficultlivingsituations,someminoritystillwouldtransferhissufferingsandpaintootherweakerthanthemselves.InTheBluestEye,SoapheadChurch,alight-skinnedWestIndian,addsfueltoPecola’smiserablelife,whereshehasnotbeenabletosaveherself.HecheatsPecolathatifthedoghedislikesreactstohergivenpoisonedfood,herwishforthebluesteyeswillbegranted.Asaresult,thedogconvulsesanddiesinfrontofher,andPecolaisfrightenedandstimulated.Herspirithurts.2.2FamilyFactorsFamilyshouldbeawarmnest.However,itisanexceptiontoPecola,whereloveandaffectionareunfamiliartoher.EconomicandsocialpressuresputunbearablestrainsontheBreedlovefamily.Pecola’sparentspassthemiseryfrompastontoherbutPecola’selderbrotherchoosestorunawayfromhomeorjoinsthefightinsteadofhelpinghertosolvethedifficulty.Pecolaisanoutsider."Shewillsherselftodisappear.Shecanimagineeachbodypartdissolvingexceptforhereyes"<Shi2009:69>.Neithercanshedo.TheonlypracticalthingforPecolaistoendurealone.Livinginsuchalovelessfamily,Pecolaisinadilemma.Father’sRudenessCholly,Pecola’sfather,is"impulsiveandviolent-free,butinadangerousway"<Shi2009:11>.Heburneddownhisfamilyhousetoputthefamily"outdoor",whichleadstoPecola’sembarrassingboardingexperience.Hedrinksandfightswithhiswife,whichmakesPecolainnocentlyandincreasinglyblameherselffortheinharmoniousatmosphereinherfamily.Hedoesallthesewithextremeangerandaccumulatedrancor.Hedoesnotknowhowtorelatetohischildren.Allofthesehappentohimbecauseofhispainfulandunforgettableearlierlifeexperiences.Chollywasabandonedbyhismotherwhenhewas4daysold.Later,hewashumiliatedbytwowhitehunterswatchinghishavingsexforthefisttimeathisageof14,whichstimulateshimheavily.Sohedecidedtofindhisfatherforlove.Butmisfortunesnevercomesingly.Chollywasruthlesslydrivenawaybyhisfathermistakenlyafteralongvoyageofsearching.Evenifhegetsmarriedforhisownexpectedhappylife,Chollyfeelstrappedinhismarriageeventually.EverythingmakesChollydistorted."‘Havingnoideaofhowtoraisechildren,andhavingneverwatchedanyparentraisehimself,hecouldnotevencomprehendwhatsucharelationshipshouldbe’<126>"<citedfromMillard2006:12>.Finally,herapsPecola,hisdaughter,twiceandrunsaway.ChollycontributesdirectlytoPecola’sinsanity.Mother’sNeglectPauline,Pecola’smother,sufferedalamefootsincehertwoyearsoldandalwaysfeltlonelyandisolated.Evenaftershemovedtoabettercityformorejobopportunitywithherhusband,sheissurprisedbyhowunfriendlytheotherwomenare.Theyareamusedbyhercountryways.Herlifeisstilldifficult.Paulinegetsdepressed.Receivingsopoorlovefromherfamilyandthesociety,Paulineisindulgedintotheromanticmoviestochaselove.Gradually,shebeginstoneglectherownhouseandfamilyaftergettingasecuredjobforsupportinglife.Shedislikesstayinghomebecausesheandherhusbandalwaysargueaboutmoney;sheisalwaysdistantfromherdaughterbecauseshebelievesPecolaisugly.Paulineevenallowsthesmallwhitegirlofthewealthyfamilyshedoesthingsforcallingher"Polly"whilePecolacallsPauline"Mrs.Breedlove";shewouldshowtendertothewhitegirlbutscoldandbeatherdaughterregardlessoftheburningonPecolawhenPecolaoverturnedafreshlybakedberrycobbleroffthecounteraccidentally.Thiskindofrelationshipisnotonewhich"fostersPecola’sself-esteem"<Millard2006:10>.EvenafterPecola,herdaughter,israpedbyCholly,herhusband,Paulinedoesn’tbelieveorcomfortPecolabuttobeather.Inthisway,Paulineissympathy-worthilybutlargelyresponsibleforPecola’stragedy.Brother’sHelplessnessSammy,Pecola’selderbrother,iswrittenlittlebutispartlyresponsibleforPecola’sresult.Hehasrunawayfromhometwenty-seventimesbythetimeheis14."ButPecolaisyoungerandagirlandmuststaytoenduretheterribleinheritanceofherparents’violentmarriage"<Millard2006:11>.HedoesnotofferpowerfulhelptoPecolabuttoescapefromtheterriblereality.AfterPecolaiscrazy,Sammyisgoneforgood.2.3PersonalFactorsPecolaisjustayounggirlandneedsasuitableguidetohergrowingup.However,thecommunityandherfamilygivehernegativereflection.Shehastoliveherlifeblindlyintheindifferentsurroundings.Havingexperiencedabusefromthecommunity,Pecolaguessesthereasonforherdiminishmentshouldbeherblackskin,herugliness.Infact,Pecolacontinuallyreceivesconfirmationofherownsenseofugliness.Nothingcansaveherbuttohaveapairofthebluesteyes,shethinks,whichcanbesatisfiedtohercommunity’sappetite.Pecoladesperatelydesireslove.Noreflection.Pecolamisunderstandsloveissomethinglikearomanticloveorsexuallove,whichcanpromptherdesiredsimplelove.Unfortunately,afterherfatherraping,Pecolastillcannotreachherbelovedgoal.Sheisdeserted.Desperately,Pecolachoosesbeingcrazyratherthandyingbecauseshestillkeepsinnocenthopeforbeinglovedandshejustdoesnotfindaproperwaytoherloveway.Inherfantasyworld,livinghopedoesnotdieout.DisplacementandLossofSelf-valueWhenthecommunitythinktheblackskinisugly,Pecolathinksherselfuglyinthemirror;whenshebuyscandy,thestoreowner"seemstolookthroughher","speaksharshlytoher"and"doesnotwanttotouchherhandwhenshepassesoverhermoney",soPecolafirmlybelievessheisveryugly"whereasblonde,blue-eyedMaryJane,picturedonthecandywrapper,isbeautiful"<Shi2009:69>;andwhenPauline,Pecola’smother,knowsPecolaisbornuglyandneglectsher,Pecolafurtherdecidesherselfcannotgetothers’recognition.Wherehervaluelies?Pecolapuzzles.Whatsheknowsisshecannotgetdeservedloveandaffection.Buthowcansheachievethese?Pecolaonlypraysforthebluesteyestochangeherlifeandsituation.Thiswishisborrowingfromthewhitevalues."Thebluesteye"becomesasymbolofbeingadmittedandbeingacceptedbysocietyforPecolaratherthanaphysicalbodypart.Pecoladisplacesherselfandgetslostdeadly.2.3.2PassiveEnduringtheMiseryPecolaisjustan11-year-oldblackgirl,andthusherageandherexperiencesmakeherselflimited.Then,facedsoseriouslyilltreats,thisweakgirlisunclearhowtodealwiththeseproperly,andnobodyoffersherpowerfulhelpdespiteofClaudiaandFrieda’strying,fortheyarealsotooyoungtolivetheirlifebythemselves.TheyjusthelpPecolabyprayingandbygivingasacrificeinnocently:theygaveuptheirseedmoneyandburiedthemoneybyPecola’shouseandplantedtherestofthemarigoldseedsintheirownyardsothattheycouldtendthemandcouldsingandsaythemagicwords.Theyhopedtomakeamiracle.Buttheirtryingisfruitless.Theirmarigoldseedsdidnotsproutandnoneofthemarigoldsinthecommunitydid.Thetwosistersblamedeachotherforthisfailure.SoPecolahastoendurethepainaloneandoftenimaginesinnocentlylifeistransformedowingtoherbluesteyes.Ofcourse,Pecolathinksofaskinghelp,butwherecansheask?Theyareallcold.EvenMaureen,alight-skinnedgirl,whotemporarilybefriendsher,makesfunofher.PecolagoestoSoapheadChurch,ashammystic,andasksforblueeyes.Insteadofhelpingher,heuseshertokilladoghedislikes,whichfrightensandstimulatesPecola.Herwaytogettinghelpiscutoff.Pecola’swishdiespassively.Shestillhastosuffertheterriblelifewithoutdreamedblueeyes.DesireforLoveandMisunderstandingaboutLoveWhatislove？Pecoladoesnotknow.Nobodygivesher.Nobodytellsher.Pecolaiseagerforloveandaffectionbuthastofinditalone.Inthewholecommunity,onlyClaudiaandFriedatrytohelpher,buttheyaretooyoungandtheirhelpispowerless."Itispainfullydifficultforlittleblackgirlstogrowintohealthywomanhoodwithpositiveself-imagewhen‘a(chǎn)lltheworldhadagreedthatablue-eyed,yellow-haired,pink-skinneddollwaswhateverygirlchildtreasures’"<W.Bell2007:179>.Paulineasamother,shouldgivesherexplanationtodealwithmenstruateandtipsaboutthisgrowingperiod,butshedidnot.SoafterPecolavisitingherneighbors,threewhores,shedangerouslyfeelsromanticlovemaymakehergetsimplelove.Unfortunately,herignoranceandconfusionleadPecolabeingdesertedafterherfatherrapinghertwice.Thiskindofmisunderstandinghurtsherphysicallyandpsychologically.Pecolagetsinsanity.Inherimaginedworld,Pecolahasapairofthebluesteyesandtalkswithanimaginaryfriend."Pecolawandersthestreetjerkingherarmsasiftryingtofly"<Shi2009:125>.3.ConclusionFromtheadult’sperspective,Pecola’sresultisatragedy.However,tobearsuchatragedyisinnocentforPecola:povertyandvaluelossdeprivethenormallivingenvironmentofanunable-to-live-alonegirltolivenormally.Beingachild,beingblack,andbeingagirlareconditionsofpowerlessness.AccordingtoPecola’sfeeling,herinsanitycomesfromherpassiveandpositivechoice.Althoughherwaytofindingloveisprovedafailure,innocentPecoladoesnotlosehopeforliving."Hope"isMorrison’sintendinggoal.MorrisontellsusbyClaudia"indicatingthatitwouldbetoodifficulttoexplainwhyalloftheseeventshappened,sosheinsteadrelateshowtheyhappened."<Shi2009:47>Theauthortellsthestorywithhumanisticcarebutprotectsthisgirlfrom"theweightofthenovel’sinquiry"to"repeattheirmistake"<Shi2009:5>.Morrisonguidesreaderstothinkabouthowtoliveabetterlifekeepingaclearmindinthewhitedominantworld."Love"isthebestway.Loveourselves.Loveothers.Lovegroups.References[1]Bakerman,Jane.1978."TheSeamsCan’tShow:AnInterviewwithToniMorrison"inBlackAmericanLiteratureForum,12.[2]Chang,Yaoxin.2008.ASurveyofAmericanLiterature[M].Tianjin:NankaiUniversityPress.[3]Ding,Yan.2007.TheoriginofPecola’stragedyinTheBluestEye[J].JournalofLanguageandLiteratureStudies,<12>,45-47[4]Elliott,Emory.2005.TheColumbiaHistoryoftheAmericanNovel[M].Beijing:ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress,<1>.[5]Hume,Kathryn.2006.AmericanDream,AmericanNightmare:FictionSince1960[M].Beijing:ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress.[6]Millard,Kenneth.2006.TheContemporaryAmericanFiction:AnIntroductiontoAmericanFictionSince1970[M].Beijing:ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress&OxfordUniversityPress.[7]Morrison,Toni.1970.TheBluestEye[M].NewYork:Holt,Rinehart&Winston.[8]Shi,Lintranslated,Ward,Selenaguidedreading.2009.TheBluestEye[M].Tianjin:TianjinScience&TechnologyTranslation&PublishingCrop.[9]Tao,Jie.2011.SelectedReadingsinAmericanLiterature[M].Beijing:HigherEducationPress.[10]W.Bell,Bernard.2007.TheContemporaryAfricanAmericanNovel:ItsFolkRootsandModernLiteraryBranches[M].Beijing:ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress&UniversityofMassachusettsPress.[11]Wu,Dingbai.1998.AnOutlineofAmericanLiterature[M].Shanghai:ShanghaiForeignLanguageEducationPress.[12]Yang,Qisheng&Long,Wenpei.1996.SelectedReadingsinAmericanLiterature<book3>[M].Shanghai:ShanghaiTranslationPublishingHouse.[13]高繼海,2001,佩科拉悲劇探源——評(píng)托尼·莫里森《最藍(lán)的眼睛》[J],《XX大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)》〔社會(huì)科學(xué)版,41,〔3:79-81。[14]賀淑娟,2007,二十年來國內(nèi)莫里森研究綜述[J],《XX文學(xué)》,<10:217-220。[15]胡允桓譯,托妮·莫里森著,2008,《新名著主義叢書——最藍(lán)的眼睛》[M],XX：南海出版社。[16]劉海平、王守仁主編,王守仁主撰,2002,《新編美國文學(xué)史》〔第四卷[M],上海：上海外語教育出版社。[17]羅小云,2012,《超越后現(xiàn)代——美國新現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說研究》[M],北京：北京大學(xué)出版社。[18]虞建華,2005,《美國文學(xué)辭典·作家與作品》[M],上海：復(fù)旦大學(xué)出版社。[19]袁彬、黃馳,2004,文化沖突中的抗?fàn)幣c生存——論托妮·莫里森《最藍(lán)的眼睛》[A]?！队⒚牢膶W(xué)研究論叢》[C],〔4。[20]<RetrievedonNovember2,2012>[21]997650.html<RetrievedonNovember5,2012>[22]<RetrievedonNovember15,2012>AcknowledgmentsThispapercouldnotbeaccomplishedsuccessfullywithoutthehelpofmybelovedteachersandclassmates.SoIwishtoexpressmyhonestgratitudeandrespecttothem.First,Iwouldliketogivemysincerethankstomysupervisor,Mr.Wang,whohelpedmechoosethetopic,whorevisedmydraftpatiently,andwhoinstructedmanydetailscarefully.Withhisenthusiastichelpandvaluablecomments,thispapercouldbeaccomplishedattherighttimewithitspresentform.AndIalsowanttogivemygratefulnesstoalltheteachersandpartnersinourdepartment,whohavehelpedmetoomuchduringthepastyears'studyhereandmadeagreatdifferenceinmyalllife.WhenIfeelfrustrationinmylife,Iwillrecalltheirconstructivesuggestions.Sothanksthesehelpfulteachersandfriends.Fortheprocessofdoingmypaper,Ihavebenefitedagreatdealfromtheirhelpfulandusefuladvice.附件3畢業(yè)論文〔設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書學(xué)生姓名李海旭系別專業(yè)班級(jí)指導(dǎo)教師王良生職稱講師英語英語本0901論文題目無辜的"絕處逢生"——《一雙最藍(lán)的眼睛》中佩科拉的生存困境研究的目要求莫里森作為當(dāng)代主要的美國作家之一和當(dāng)代黑人婦女文學(xué)的領(lǐng)袖,她的作品從種族視角重構(gòu)歷史,重述過去引領(lǐng)讀者關(guān)注,從而為同儕們開辟了新路。莫里森的小說創(chuàng)作的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是不再直接去寫種族沖突,而是把白人和黑人的關(guān)系作為一種大背景去展現(xiàn)美國黑人內(nèi)部種種錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的關(guān)系,引領(lǐng)讀者去思考生存哲學(xué)。本文可在前人研究《一雙最藍(lán)的眼睛》的基礎(chǔ)上,換一種視角解讀小說,找出此次研究的可行處和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn),提升文學(xué)賞析能力和論文寫作能力?？傮w安排與進(jìn)度總體安排：20XX11中旬完成選題〔開題工作,20XX6月前完成論文撰寫,6月中旬進(jìn)行論文答辯。進(jìn)度：1．20XX12月確定選題,擬定提綱,完成開題報(bào)告；2.20XX1月中下旬至4月底,圍繞課題進(jìn)行資料收集和觀點(diǎn)提煉；3.20XX4月下旬寫出初稿；4．20XX5月底前定稿；5.20XX6月中旬做好答辯準(zhǔn)備。推薦參考文獻(xiàn)[1]ChangYaoxin.ASurveyofAmericanLiterature[M].NankaiUniversityPress,2008.[2]EmoryElliott.TheColumbiaHistoryoftheAmericanNovel[M].ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress,2005,<1>.[3]劉海平、王守仁主編,王守仁主撰.新編美國文學(xué)史第四卷[M].上海外語教育出版社,2002.注：此表由指導(dǎo)教師填好后交學(xué)生參考使用。論文答辯前,學(xué)生將此表交指導(dǎo)教師,按要求裝訂在論文文本內(nèi)。指導(dǎo)教師簽名：王良生20XX11月10日附件4畢業(yè)論文〔設(shè)計(jì)開題報(bào)告論文題目無辜的"絕處逢生"——《一雙最藍(lán)的眼睛》中佩科拉的生存困境學(xué)生姓名李海旭系別外語系專業(yè)英語班級(jí)本0901指導(dǎo)教師姓名王良生職稱講師所屬單位XX師范學(xué)院開題時(shí)間2012.12選題的目的和意義：托妮·莫里森<1931－>作為獲諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的第一位美國黑人作家和繼賽珍珠之后的又一位獲此殊榮的美國女性,對美國黑人文學(xué)的發(fā)展起著重要作用。她的寫作題材廣泛,文筆清新洗練,敘事技巧高超且富于變化,巧妙地將現(xiàn)實(shí)主義與寓言、神話、傳說結(jié)合形成一種極富特色的現(xiàn)實(shí)模式。研究莫里森不僅有利于我們更好地學(xué)習(xí)語言藝術(shù),了解美國社會(huì)尤其黑人生活,同時(shí)還可有效地探尋人類尤其女性及弱勢群體的生存之道?！兑浑p最藍(lán)的眼睛》作為莫里森的處女作,奠定了她的"當(dāng)代美國黑人社會(huì)文學(xué)觀察家"的地位。這部小說講述了一個(gè)年僅11歲的黑人小女孩在經(jīng)歷過一系列慘痛遭遇后渴望有一雙最藍(lán)的眼睛以便人們能夠接受她,但最終陷入瘋癲狀態(tài)的故事。探究故事主人公佩科拉的生存困境能引我們?nèi)ニ伎己谌思芭缘纳鎲栴}和迷津。二、本課題的研究現(xiàn)狀：據(jù)查相關(guān)資料,國內(nèi)文學(xué)界對莫里森及其作品的研究主要從80年代后期近20年發(fā)展起來,至1993年莫里森獲諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)之后大幅發(fā)展。我國學(xué)者對莫里森思想和創(chuàng)作的總體研究主要集中在其人其作、創(chuàng)作特色、母愛主題,還有從心理角度、性別種族文化角度的研究。而國外,莫里森的作品也大批開進(jìn)美國大學(xué)課堂。但對《一雙最藍(lán)的眼睛》的研究集中于主題分析、創(chuàng)作手法和人物分析,對佩科拉的悲劇成因雖有涉及,但還沒有找到更為合理的、全面的解構(gòu)導(dǎo)致佩科拉人生悲劇的具體、系統(tǒng)的分析成因及與之相關(guān)的生存之道的探尋,對此有待進(jìn)一步研究。三、