高一上期末沖刺基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)部分人教版

基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)（人教版）目錄語(yǔ)法詞匯語(yǔ)法

動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)目錄ContentsAB定語(yǔ)從句Howmanykindsoftensesdoyouknow?語(yǔ)法--時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)共計(jì)16種，常用的有12種方式/時(shí)間現(xiàn)在將來(lái)過去過去將來(lái)一般worksshall/willworkworkedshould/wouldwork進(jìn)行am/is/areworkingshall/willbeworkingwas/wereworkingshould/wouldbeworking完成have/hasworkedshall/willhaveworkedhadworkedshould/wouldhaveworked完成進(jìn)行體have/hasbeenworkingshall/willhavebeenworkinghadbeenworkingshould/wouldhavebeenworking語(yǔ)法--時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)法--時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作日常行為永久的狀態(tài)一般真理不可改變的事件或既定習(xí)慣，如：列車時(shí)刻表主將從現(xiàn)1、IwillgiveJimtheschedulefortomorrow’sconferencewhenhe_____back.Heistochairtheconference.A.willcomeB.cameesD.iscoming2、Hurryup,thetrain______Beijingatsix.A.leavesB.leavedC.willbeleftD.isleaving語(yǔ)法--時(shí)態(tài)3、Ourteachertoldusthattheearth

aroundthesun.A.circlesB.circledC.willcircleD.iscircling現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（暫時(shí)的習(xí)慣）表示將來(lái)表示某種情緒，如贊揚(yáng)或厭惡等語(yǔ)法--時(shí)態(tài)2023/6/3對(duì)比下面兩個(gè)句子He

alwaysfinisheshishomeworkontime.Heisalwaysfinishinghishomeworkontime.語(yǔ)法--時(shí)態(tài)She’smakingafilmthesedays.---DoyouhaveanyplansforthisSunday?---Yes.IamvisitingmycousinwhohasjustreturnedfromAmerica.Sheisalwayscomplaining.(一般都會(huì)用always)語(yǔ)法--時(shí)態(tài)2023/6/31.I’vewonaholidayfortwodaystoFlorida.I_______mymum.A.havetaken B.amtaking C.take D.willhavetaken2.Ladiesandgentlemen,pleasefastenyourseatbelt.Theplane_______.A.takesoff

B.istakingoffC.hastakenoff

D.tookoff3.SinceIwonthebigprize,mytelephonehasn’tstoppedringing.People_______toaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney.A.phone

B.willphoneC.werephoning

D.arephoning語(yǔ)法--時(shí)態(tài)一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shalldo將來(lái)安排要做或發(fā)生的事begoingtodo有跡象（天氣）...,打算....bedoing現(xiàn)進(jìn)表將來(lái)

go,come,stay,leave,do,take,have等，

表示“馬上就，逐漸地，反復(fù)的”be(about)todo表示很短時(shí)間內(nèi)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作

后面一般不加具體時(shí)間does表示不可改變的時(shí)間表語(yǔ)法--時(shí)態(tài)betodo打算計(jì)劃做

Mr.Black______Shanghaiinafewdays.Doyouknowwhentheearliestplane_____onSunday?A.leaves;takesoff

B.isleaving;takesoffC.isleaving;istakingoffD.leaves;istakingoff學(xué)以致用：語(yǔ)法--時(shí)態(tài)一般過去時(shí)過去完成的動(dòng)作過去的狀態(tài)與習(xí)慣情景對(duì)話中語(yǔ)法--時(shí)態(tài)---Youknowquitealotabouttheplan．---Well．Lucy

(introduce)

ittomeduringtheweekend．（12-13朝陽(yáng)第一學(xué)年30題）introduced過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)的動(dòng)作描述故事發(fā)生的背景或狀態(tài)when/while引導(dǎo)的過去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中語(yǔ)法--時(shí)態(tài)Onedayhewaslookinginasecond-handfurnitureshopwhenhesawanamazingobject.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)動(dòng)作過去發(fā)生并對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響（過發(fā)現(xiàn)影）發(fā)生在過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作（過發(fā)持續(xù)；動(dòng)詞必須可持續(xù)）It/Thisisthe+序數(shù)詞/最高級(jí)+名詞+that從句語(yǔ)法--時(shí)態(tài)注意時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)！---Whereismycar?Ijustparkeditbehindyourhouse.---Ithasdisappearednow.（13-14第一學(xué)年?yáng)|城期末13題）TheWilliamsmovedtoasaferareaandsincethentheyhaven’tlookedbackontheirpastlife.---Doyouknowourtownatall?---No,thisisthefirsttimeIhavecomehere.語(yǔ)法--時(shí)態(tài)2023/6/3語(yǔ)法--時(shí)態(tài)過去完成時(shí)過去的過去Theoldmanwonderedwhohadtakenawayhishatbymistake.時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)amisare+doneamisare+beingdonewas/were+donehave/hasbeen+donewillbe+done語(yǔ)法—被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)was/were+beingdone定語(yǔ)3412

先行詞定語(yǔ)從句類型關(guān)系詞定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系副詞：語(yǔ)法—定語(yǔ)從句2023/6/3關(guān)系副詞：關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系詞作用：連接作用——橋梁在從句中作成分that,which,who,whom,whose,aswhen,where,why語(yǔ)法—定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)詞例先行詞充當(dāng)成分例句who人主語(yǔ)Thisisthedoctorwho

savedmylife.whom人賓語(yǔ)Sheisthenewstudent(whom)Iwanttotelltoyou.that人&物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)（指人相當(dāng)于which物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)Pleasepassmethebookwhichislyingonthetable.2.Thenovel(which)Tomboughtisveryinteresting.as物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)Theearth,asisknowntoall,isround.whose=ofwhom\ofwhich人定語(yǔ)TheprofessorwhosedaughterteachesyouEnglishisDr.Williams語(yǔ)法—定語(yǔ)從句注意1：只能用that不用which或者who的情況：先行詞前有下列詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)只能用that序數(shù)詞(thefirst等)特指(theonly/thevery)先行詞同時(shí)有人和物在who/which問句中形容詞最高級(jí)(thebest等)不定代詞(something/nothing/anything/all等表不確定數(shù)量)

注意2：只能用which或者who不用that的情況：1）有介詞時(shí)，介詞+which(介詞只能與which/whom連用)2）在非限定定語(yǔ)從句（有逗號(hào)的定語(yǔ)從句）3）先行詞為that/those時(shí)：What’sthatwhichisfloatingontheriver?語(yǔ)法—定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)when=at\in\on\duringwhich時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)We’llneverforgetthedaywhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.where=at\in\towhich地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)Thisisthehousewherehelived.why=forwhich原因狀語(yǔ)Iknowthereasonwhysheworkssowell.語(yǔ)法—定語(yǔ)從句2023/6/3語(yǔ)法—定語(yǔ)從句從句類型

說明

例句限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞不可缺少的成分，去掉它主句意思往往不完整。譯為“…的”，作前置定語(yǔ)Adoctorisapersonwhocurespatients.醫(yī)生就是治療病人的人。

非限制性定語(yǔ)從句(考點(diǎn))是先行詞的附加說明，去掉它不會(huì)影響主句的意思，與主句用逗號(hào)隔開。翻譯時(shí)一般將主句和從句譯成并列形式。Sallysaidshewouldsolvealltheproblemallbyherself,whichIdoubtverymuch.（13-14東城第一學(xué)年期末22題）課堂練習(xí)請(qǐng)看講義第6頁(yè)詞匯---核心詞匯轉(zhuǎn)到短語(yǔ)核心單詞cultureentrancereceptionfancyrarevaluablesurvivedecorateremovedoubtselectsink2023/6/3核心單詞explodedesignvolunteerpainresponsibilityathletecompetitorbasisregularancientmagicalcompete2023/6/3核心單詞admitadvertisedeservebargainchargereplacehostfinetechnologyapplicationcharactergoal2023/6/3核心單詞appearancefinanceintelligentartificialelectronicsolveexplorecalculateariseprotectionincidentloss2023/6/3核心單詞harmextinctionreserveendangeredsecuredistantcertainunexpectedfaithfuldecreasecontaininspect2023/6/3核心單詞huntsucceedemploybiteappreciateaffectresponddisappearfamedevotioncashhumorous