Chaucer教學(xué)講解課件

HomeworkforthissemesterClassicalWorks:1.Hamlet/KingLear--------WilliamShakespeare2.Gulliver’sTravels--------JonathanSwift3.PrideandPrejudice-----JaneAusten4.ATaleofTwoCities-----CharlesDickens5.JaneEyre-------CharlotteBronte6.WutheringHeights------EmilyBronteChapter6GeoffreyChaucer

Outline

I.Chaucer’sLifeII.Chaucer’sLiteraryCareerIII.TheCanterburyTalesIV.Chaucer’sContributionTheCanterburyCathedralI.Chaucer’sLife

Chaucer’sactivecareerascourtier,soldier,diplomat,andcivilservantprovidedhimnotonlywithknowledgebutalsoexperienceswhichaccountedforthewiderangeofhiswritings.Chaucer’slifeexperience1.HewasbornintoawinemerchantfamilyinLondon.2.At19,hewenttoFrancewiththeEnglisharmyandwasimprisoned.3.Hewasmarriedtoamaidofhonortothequeenat26.4.At27heenteredtheserviceoftheking.5.From1372-1373hewenttoItalyondiplomaticmissions.6.In1374,hewasmadecontrollerofcustomsinLondon.7.HewasburiedinWestminsterAbbey—thePoets’Corner.II.LiteraryCareer1.ThefirstortheFrenchperiod(1360-1372)

1)TheRomauntoftheRose

《玫瑰傳奇》

atranslation,popularinMiddleages

2)TheBookoftheDuchess

《悼公爵夫人》

thebestworkofthetime2.ThesecondortheItalianperiod(1372-1386)

TroilusandCriseyde《特羅伊洛斯和克瑞西德》

apoemofalovestory3.ThethirdortheEnglishperiod,hisbestperiod(1387-1400)TheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷故事集》

HismasterpieceandarepresentativeworksoftheMiddleAges.III.TheCanterburyTales1.Ithas24stories.2.Itisthedescriptionofthepilgrimswhotellstories.3.Itisaboutthelifeofordinarypeople.4.Itgivesvividcharacters,withhumorandsatire.CanterburyTalesWoodcut5.TheOutlineandthePrologueTabard(泰巴客店)30pilgrims,toCanterbury24storieswrittenAllmajortypesofmedievalliteratureOutlineoftheStoryThePrologue

aframeworkforthetalesvividsketchesoftypicalfiguresfromallwalksoflifeTheProloguesuppliesaminiature(小畫(huà)像)oftheEnglishsocietyofthetimeVariousMedievalCharacters6.TheTales

Thefamousonesarethestoryof:1)thewifeofBath（巴斯夫人）

2)theKnight（騎士）

3)thePardoner（賣(mài)贖罪符者）

4)theNun’sPriest（尼姑的教士）7.TheWifeofBath（巴斯城的婦女）ThewifeofBathshowsChaucer’skeenobservationandhisunsurpassedtalentforcharacterization.Sheistheownerofaclothfactory,light-hearted,merry,somewhatvulgar,andexceedinglytalkative.

Itisavividsketchofawomanofthemiddleclass,andacolorfulpictureofthedomesticlifeofthatclassinChaucer’sday.ThePrologueoftheWifeofBath’sTale

ThewifeofBathspeaking

“Experience--andnomatterwhattheysay

Inbooks--isgoodenoughauthority

Formetospeakoftroubleinmarriage.

ForeversinceIwastwelveyearsofage,

ThanksbetoGod,I’vehadnolessthanfive

Husbandsatchurchdoor--ifonemaybelieve

Icouldbewedsooftenlegally!”8.Theme

ChaucerisinfluencedbytheearlyItalianRenaissance,andhebelievesinman’srighttopursueearthlyhappiness.Heisanxioustoseemanfreedfromsuperstitionsandablindbeliefinfate.Heisalwayskeentopraisesman’senergy,intellect,quickwitandloveoflife.Heexposesandsatirizesthesocialevils,esp.thereligiousabuses.

9.ThesignificanceofTheCanterburyTales1).ItgivesacomprehensivepictureofChaucer’stime.Thegentleclass---theburgher----theprofessionals2).Thedramaticstructureofthepoem:thestoriesarewellwovenby“l(fā)inks”.3).Chaucer’shumor-----characteristicsfeatureofEnglishliterature----gentlesatireandmildirony.IV.Chaucer’sContribution1.HeintroducedfromItalyandFrancetherhymedstanzaofvarioustypes,especiallytherhymedcoupletof5accentsiniambicmeter(heroiccouplet)toEnglishpoetry,insteadoftheoldAnglo-Saxonalliterativeverse.

IambicPentameter:isthemostcommonEnglishmeter,inwhicheachfootcontainsanunaccentedsyllableandanaccentedsyllable.(五音步抑揚(yáng)格)HeroicCouplet:therhymedcoupletofiambicpentameter.(英雄雙韻體)

音步(Foot)：英詩(shī)中重讀與非重讀音節(jié)的特殊性組合叫作音步。一個(gè)音步的音節(jié)數(shù)量可能為兩個(gè)或三個(gè)音節(jié)，但不能少于兩個(gè)或多于三個(gè)音節(jié)，而且其中只有一個(gè)必須重讀。

Fro-mfai*re-st

crea*ture-swe*de-sire*i-ncrea*se

上面“-”表示它前面是輕讀音節(jié)，而“*”則表示它前面是重讀音節(jié)。我們于是看出：上面的句子共有五個(gè)音步，每個(gè)音步都是由前輕讀后重讀的兩個(gè)音節(jié)組成，這樣的音節(jié)被稱(chēng)為“抑揚(yáng)格”。頗有點(diǎn)唐詩(shī)的“平仄”的味道，但又有本質(zhì)上的不同。我們還看出：一個(gè)音步不必等于一個(gè)單詞。2.HewasthefirstgreatpoetwhowroteinEnglishlanguage(MiddleEnglish),thusestablishingEnglishastheliterarylanguage.3.HedidmuchinmakingtheLondondialectthefoundationformodernEnglishlanguage.

HereisapassagefromAlexanderPope:(“OftheCharactersofWomen”)Seehowtheworlditsveteransrewards!Ayouthoffrolics,anoldageofcards;Fairtonopurpose,artfultonoend,Youngwithoutlovers,oldwithoutafriend.

2)TheBallad

Literatureforthelowerclass.Aballad

isastorytoldinsong,usuallyin4-linestanzas,withthesecondandfourthlinesrhymed.(term)Thesubjectsofballadsarevariousinkind,asthestruggleofyoungloversagainsttheirfeudal-mindedfamilies,theconflictbetween