閱讀理解全攻略

閱讀理解全攻略1Whileenjoyingthemusic,whathaveyoupreparedforthecomingclass?Yourpapers?Yourattention?Yourconfidence?2閱讀理解全攻略3★《考試大綱》要求要求考生讀懂簡(jiǎn)易的英語(yǔ)文學(xué)作品、科普文章、公告、說(shuō)明、廣告以及書(shū)、報(bào)、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡(jiǎn)短文章并回答相關(guān)問(wèn)題。考生應(yīng)能：

１、理解主旨要義；２、理解文中具體信息；３、根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義；４、作出簡(jiǎn)單判斷和理解；５、理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；６、理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度；

7、根據(jù)所讀，用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~語(yǔ)補(bǔ)全文章提綱、概括關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容或作要詞詞語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換。

4★閱讀理解命題分類(lèi)主旨大意型事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型詞義猜測(cè)型推理判斷型命題類(lèi)5

試卷(江蘇)推理判斷主旨?xì)w納細(xì)節(jié)理解詞義猜測(cè)20084281200972512010年高考閱讀理解推理判斷題型中要求考生能把握文脈邏輯關(guān)系—句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系。6一、主旨大意型解題要領(lǐng)A、干擾項(xiàng)可能屬文中某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)。B、干擾項(xiàng)可能屬?gòu)奈闹心承?不完全的)事 實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。C、干擾項(xiàng)

可能屬非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷。D、正確項(xiàng)

是根據(jù)文章意思全面理解而歸納概括出來(lái)的；但不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過(guò)其實(shí)或以偏概全。7一、主旨大意型實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練1.Tellastoryandtellitwell,andyoumayopenwidetheeyesofachild,openuplinesofcommunicationinabusiness,orevenopenpeople’smindtoanothercultureorrace.…Peopleregardstorytellingnotonlyasausefultoolinchildeducation,butalsoasameaningfulactivitythathelpsadultsunderstandthemselvesaswellasthosewhoseculturemaybeverydifferentfromtheirown.…Weareallstorytellers.Weallhaveastorytotell.Wetelleverybody’sstory.8一、主旨大意型實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練Question:What’sthemainideaofthetext?Storytellingcaninfluencethewaypeoplethink.B.Storytellingisvitaltothegrowthofbusiness.C.Storytellingisthebestwaytoeducatechildreninschool.D.Storytellinghelpspeopleunderstandthemselvesandothers.從文中事實(shí)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論X文中的一個(gè)具體細(xì)節(jié)X非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷X9實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練2.[2009年重慶卷]SirStevenRedgrave,winnerof5OlympicGoldMedals,oncesaid,“In1997Iwasfoundtohavedevelopeddiabetes(糖尿病).Believingmycareer(職業(yè)生涯)wasover,Ifeltextremelylow.ThenoneofthespecialistssaidtherewasnoreasonwhyIshouldstoptrainingandcompeting.Thatwasit—theencouragementIneeded.IcouldstillbeawinnerifIbelievedinmyself.Iamnotsayingthatitisn’tdifficultsometimes.ButIwantedtoprovetomyselfthatIwasn’tfinishedyet.Nothingistostandinmyway.”10實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練61.WhatdoesSirStevenRedgravemainlytalkabout?A.Difficultiesinfluencedhiscareer.B.Specialistsofferedhimmedicaladvice.C.Traininghelpedhimdefeathisdisease.D.Heovercametheshadowofillnesstowin.本段沒(méi)有明顯的主題句，歸納全段可知正確選項(xiàng)為D。選項(xiàng)A是局部信息；選項(xiàng)B和C，文中沒(méi)有信息支持。11一、主旨大意型心得體會(huì)

尋找主題句是解題的關(guān)鍵，主題句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼應(yīng)，有時(shí)在句中，也有可能沒(méi)有主題句，這時(shí)需根據(jù)文章所述內(nèi)容進(jìn)行歸納。尋找主題句有以下四個(gè)小竅門(mén)：(1)段落中出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折時(shí)，該句很可能是主題句。(2)作者有意識(shí)地反復(fù)重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn)，通常是主旨；反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語(yǔ)，一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。(3)首段出現(xiàn)疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，對(duì)該問(wèn)題的回答很可能就是文章主旨。(4)提出文章主旨時(shí)常伴有文字提示有therefore,thus,but,however,infact,inshort等。因此，這些詞后的內(nèi)容很可能就是文章主旨。12二、事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型解題要領(lǐng)難度

該題型難度系數(shù)值最低并占閱讀題（除任務(wù)型閱讀）總數(shù)的50%左右。分析

文章中心是論點(diǎn)，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)是論據(jù)或

主要理由；有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的問(wèn)題常對(duì)文中某個(gè)詞語(yǔ)、某句子、某段落等細(xì)節(jié)及事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，所提問(wèn)題一般可直接

或間接在文章中找到答案。要領(lǐng)

忠實(shí)于原文上下文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。13二、事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)形式1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE(NotTrue)accordingtotheinformationinthepassage?2.Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassage?3.Theauthormentionsallthefollowingexcept______.4.Inthepassage,theauthorstatesthat____.5.以when,where,who,what,how,why,howmany/much等詞引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句。

14二、事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練

Oneday,ItoldmymotherI’dchangedmymind.Ididn'twanttomakeasuccessinthemagazinebusiness.“Ifyouthinkyoucanchangeyourmindlikethis,”shereplied,“youwillbecomeagood-for-nothing.”Sheinsistedthat,assoonasschoolwasover,Ishouldstartringingdoorbells,sellingmagazines.WheneverIsaidno,shewouldscoldme.……15二、事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練Question:Whatdidthemotherdowhentheboywantedtogiveup?A.Sheforcedhimtocontinue.B.Shepunishedhim.C.Shegavehimsomemoney.D.Shechangedherplan.Sheinsistedthat,assoonasschoolwasover,Ishouldstartringingdoorbells,sellingmagazines.WheneverIsaidno,shewouldscoldme.16二、事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型心得體會(huì)

此題型最普遍的特征是題干中的某些詞語(yǔ)和表達(dá)方式與原文的詞語(yǔ)和表達(dá)方式相吻合，因此一般采用尋讀法，即先讀題，然后帶著問(wèn)題快速閱讀短文，找出與問(wèn)題有關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)或句子，再對(duì)相關(guān)部分進(jìn)行分析對(duì)比，找出答案。17三、詞義猜測(cè)型解題要領(lǐng)

同義法常在詞或短語(yǔ)之間有并列連詞and或or，它們連接的兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的。反義法如hotandcold,giveandreceive等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定。詞與詞之間都起著互為線索的作用。釋義法對(duì)文章中的生詞用定語(yǔ)（從句）、表語(yǔ)甚至于用逗號(hào)、破折號(hào)等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)引出并加以解釋說(shuō)明。情景推斷法

根據(jù)上下文情景線索進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。18Thefollowingyear,hemetJohnRidgwayandwashiredasaninstructoratRidgway’sSchoolofAdventureinScotland,wherehelearnedaboutRidgway’scold-waterexploits.Greatlyinterested,SaundersreadallhecouldaboutNorthPoleexplorersandadventures,thendecidedthatthiswouldbehisfuture.同義法實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練Question:Theunderlinedword“exploits”isclosestinmeaningto______.A.journeysB.researchesC.adventuresD.operationsAdventureexplorersadventures19MostwomeninGhana——theeducatedand

illiterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandoldworktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.Theirreputationforeconomicindependence,self-reliance,andhardworkiswellknownandwelldeserved.反義法實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練Question:Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“illiterate”?A.repeatB.reiteratedC.uneducatedD.sicktheeducatedtheurbanandrural,theyoungandold20WhenAndreaPetersonlandedherfirstteachingjob,shefacedthedauntingtaskofcreatingamusicprogramwithalmostnomoneyforequipmentorsuppliesinaclimatewherestandard-basedlearningwasthefocusandmusicjustprovidedabreakforstudentsandteachers.

釋義法實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練Question:Theunderlinedword“daunting”mostprobablymeans_______.A.discouragingB.interestingC.creativeD.unbearable

ofcreatingamusicprogramwithalmostnomoneyforequipmentorsuppliesinaclimatewherestandard-basedlearningwasthefocusandmusicjustprovidedabreakforstudentsandteachers.21Onenightthewindhowledloudlyinfromoffshore.Herushednextdoortothehiredhand’ssleepingroomtowakehimup.Butthelittlemanrolledoverinbedandsaidfirmly,“Nosir.”Enragedbytheresponse,themanwantedtofirehimonthespot.情景推斷法實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練Question:Theunderlinedword“Enraged”mayprobablymean______.A.tobemadeangryB.tobemadesurprisedC.tobemadedepressedD.tobemadehappy22四、推理判斷型解題要領(lǐng)分析15題中常有5-6題。考查學(xué)生由文章的字面信息推出未知信息或隱含信息的能力，根據(jù)文章提供的事實(shí)和線索，進(jìn)行邏輯推理，推測(cè)作者未提到的事實(shí)或某事發(fā)生的可能性、作者的傾向或意圖、文章的論調(diào)等。要領(lǐng)透過(guò)現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，判斷有據(jù)，推論有理，忠實(shí)原文，切忌用自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的本意；全面分析所有相關(guān)信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面結(jié)論；善于揣摩作者思路，盡可能與作者的思路吻合。23四、推理判斷型常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)形式1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat___.2.Theparagraphfollowing(before)thepassagewillmostprobablybe____.3.Thewriter’sattitudeis______.4.Theauthorimplied(suggested)that___.5.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat__.6.Whatisthetoneoftheauthor?7.Thepassageisintendedto_____.8.Wecanlearnfromthetextthat______.24四、推理判斷型實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練

1.Peoplewhohavelosttheabilitytounderstandorusewordsduetobraindamagearecalledaphasics.Such

patientscanbeextremelygoodatsomethingelse.Fromthechangingexpressionsonspeaker’sfacesandthetonesoftheirvoices,theycantellliesfromtruths…….AccordingtoDr.Sacks,theyaremoregiftedthannormalpeople.Normalpeoplemaygetcarriedawaybywords.Aphasicsseemtounderstandhumanexpressionsbetter,thoughtheycannotunderstandwords.

25四、推理判斷型實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練Question:Whatdowelearnfromthistext?A.Whatonesaysreflectshowonefeels.B.Aphasicshavericherfeelingsthanothers.C.Normalpeopleoftentellliesintheirspeeches.D.Peoplepooratonethingcanbegoodatanother.26實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練2.（江西卷）Justascryingcanbehealthy,notcrying—holdingbacktearsofanger,painorsuffering—canbebadforphysical(身體的)health.Studieshaveshownthattoomuchcontrolofemotionscanleadtohighbloodpressure,heartproblemsandsomeotherillnesses.Ifyouhaveahealthproblem,doctorswillcertainlynotaskyoutocry.Butwhenyoufeellikecrying,don’tfightit.It’sanatural—andhealthy—emotionalresponse(反應(yīng)).（2分鐘）●Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Cryingisthebestwaytogethelpfromothers.B.Fightingbacktearsmaycausesomehealthproblems.C.Wewillneverknowourdeepfeelingsunlesswecry.D.Wemustcryifwewanttoreducepressure.27實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練3.“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.（1.5分鐘）●Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto______.A.testthereaders’knowledgeaboutwavesB.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylor’simportanceD.invitethereaderstoanswerthem281、快速讀題，帶著問(wèn)題讀文章。

有助于有的放矢地去讀，并確定正確的答案。★閱讀理解解題策略確定題干中的關(guān)鍵詞

反映題干的中心信息或能體現(xiàn)題干最大特征的詞時(shí)間、數(shù)字、專(zhuān)有名詞、實(shí)義名詞、抽象名詞、典型的形容詞和副詞以及主要的動(dòng)詞等。292、正確運(yùn)用閱讀策略，提高閱讀效率。

包含論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、結(jié)論三大要素，通過(guò)解釋、舉例來(lái)闡述觀點(diǎn)★閱讀理解解題策略運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀，搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句，捕捉時(shí)空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點(diǎn)，并且理清文章脈絡(luò)，把握語(yǔ)篇實(shí)質(zhì)和文章傳達(dá)的信息。

記敘文

以人物為中心，以時(shí)間或空間為線索，按事件的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、結(jié)局展開(kāi)故事

論述文體303、關(guān)注語(yǔ)篇的連接詞，正確理解篇章結(jié)構(gòu)。because,although,but,however,anyhow,onthecontrary,asaresult,inaddition,generallyspeaking,tosummarize,that’stosay,what’smore……在上下文中起著讓步、轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比、列舉、遞進(jìn)等作用，掌握這些詞匯對(duì)于篇章的理解有很大的幫助?！镩喿x理解解題策略連接詞

語(yǔ)篇的邏輯紐帶，在句子、段落之間起著承上啟下的作用，使句子、段落和篇章保持邏輯上的關(guān)系和語(yǔ)義上的連貫，它直接表明了句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系。

314、答題時(shí)注意正確項(xiàng)和干擾選項(xiàng)的特征，回原文找答案?！镩喿x理解解題策略正確項(xiàng)

正話反說(shuō)、肯定句變成雙重否定、同義詞替換、敘述角度轉(zhuǎn)換而中心意思不變等。干擾項(xiàng)①絕對(duì)化②偷換概念③片面化④串段現(xiàn)象⑤無(wú)中生有325、要十分重視第一印象。

第一感覺(jué)的正確率在80％以上，不要輕易改動(dòng)?！镩喿x理解解題策略心理學(xué)表明

考生在接觸試題時(shí)大腦皮層處于高度興奮狀態(tài)，對(duì)新事物的反應(yīng)靈敏，容易迅速做出決定。經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明

檢查時(shí)，不要按照第一次答題的角度去考慮，應(yīng)該從另外一個(gè)角度去思考，沒(méi)有充分、足夠的理由不要輕易推翻第一次的選擇。33

1.Whenearlyhumanshuntedandgatheredfood,theywerenotincontroloftheirenvironment.Theycouldonlyinteractwiththeirsurroundingsaslowerorganismsdid.Whenhumanslearnedtomakefire,however,theybecamecapableofalteringtheirenvironment.Toprovidethemselveswithfueltheystrippedbarkfromtrees,causingthetreestodie.Clearingswereburnedinforeststoincreasethegrowthofgrassandtoprovideagreatergrazingareaforthewildanimalsthathumansfedupon.Thisdevelopmentledtofarmingandthedomesticationofanimals.Firealsoprovidedthemeansforcookingplantswhichhadpreviouslybeeninedible.Onlywhentheprocessofmeetingthebasicneedforfoodreachedacertainlevelofsophisticationwasitpossibleforhumanstofollowotherpursuitssuchasthefoundingofcities.（3分鐘）●Theparagraphfollowingthispassagewouldmostlikelybeabout____________.A.fireB.huntingC.farmingD.urbanization（城市化）