sonnet18賞析教學(xué)講解課件

WilliamShakespeare

1564-1616dramatist,manoftheatre,andpoetHewasbornon23April1564anddiedon23April1616.154sonnets2longpoems37playsTragediesComediesHistoryplaysRomanplaysShakespeare’sWorksShakespeare’sFourTragediesHamlet《哈姆雷特》KingLear《李爾王》“OthelloMacbeth《麥克白》Theseareoftenconsideredhisgreatestplays.Hamlet,PrinceofDenmarkThesummitofShakespeare’sartHamlet:PrinceofDenmarkClaudius:thenewkingGertrude:QueenofDenmarkOphelia:daughterofPoloniusWhoisHamlet?1.Ahumanist,freefrommedievalprejudicesandsupersitionsInfinitelovefortheworldratherforheavenProfoundloveandrespectforman,andafirmbeliefinman’spoweroverdestiny2.ThishumanistloveofmanmakesHamletturntothosearoundhim(hisfather,Ophelia)withthesamesincereeagerness.Helovesgoodandhatesevil.Heshowsacontemptforrankandwealth.Akingandbeggarareallonetohim.Hisdemocratictendencyisbasedonhishumanistthought.3.Manofsuperbintelligence,acloseobserverofmenandmanners,heeasilyseesthroughpeople.Hecouldpenetratebelowthesurfaceofthings.Heisforever.unmaskingtheworld.Hediscovershowwickedandunjusttheworldhelivesinis.Hisobservationofhisworldissummedupinabittersentence:“Denmarkisaprison.”Hamletisnotamerescholar,simplymeditativebynature.Onthecontrary,Hamletisamanofgenius,highlyaccomplishedandeducated,amanofprofoundperceptionandsparklingwit.Heisascholar,soldierandstatesmanallcombined.HisimagereflectstheversatilityofthemenoftheRenaissance.Hamlet’smelancholyistheresultofhispenetratingmind.AnexplanationofHamlet’shesitation:Hamletgivesareason.Ifhekillsthevillainnow,hewouldsendhissoultoheaven;andhewouldratherkillhissoul.Realreason:Actuallyheisshrinkingfromhisresponsibilityofpremeditatedkillingofakinganditspoliticalresult,becauseatthattimetheabruptdeathoftheKingmightcausepanictothepeopleanddangertothestate.Sowhatheconsidersnowisnolongerhispersonalwrongbutthefateofhiscountry.AFreudianexplanation:OedipuscomplexQuotations:1)Hamlet,III:1

Tobe,ornottobe:thatisthequestion.

2)

All'sWellThatEndsWell,I:2

Loveall,trustafew,dowrongtonone.

3)

TwelfthNight,II:5

Benotafraidofgreatness.Someareborngreat,someachievegreatness,andsomehavegreatnessthrustupon'em.

4)

MerchantofVenice,III:1

Ifyouprickusdowenotbleed?Ifyoutickleusdowenotlaugh?Ifyoupoisonusdowenotdie?Andifyouwrongus,shallwenotrevenge?

5)AsYouLikeIt,II,viiAlltheworld'sastage,andallthemenandwomenmerelyplayers:theyhavetheirexitsandtheirentrances;andonemaninhistimeplaysmanyparts,hisactsbeingsevenages.6)Itisawisefatherthatknowshisownchild.7)Neitheraborrowernoralenderbe;Forloanoftlosesbothitselfandfriend,Andborrowingdullstheedgeofhusbandry../quotes/quotes/w/williamsha166828.html

8)MACBETHOut,out,briefcandle!

Life'sbutawalkingshadow,apoorplayer

Thatstrutsandfretshishouruponthestage

Andthenisheardnomore:itisatale

Toldbyanidiot,fullofsoundandfury,

Signifyingnothing.

TheTragedyofHamlet,PrinceofDenmark

HamletisregardedasShakespeare’smostpopularandgreatestplayonthestage.Hamletisalsoconsideredthesummitofshakespearesart.Thestorycomesfromanolddanishlegend..

Thestory

TheactionoftheplayislaidinDenmark.Gertrude,queenofDenmark,widowedbythesuddendeathoftheking,withintwomonthsmarriesthelatekingsbrotherClaudiuswhothunbecomesthenewking.

Princehamlet,sonofthelakeking,returnshomefromtheuniversityofWittenberg.hesuspectsfoulplayonthepartofClaudius,hisuncle.ThenhisfathersghostappearstohimatthecastleofElsinor,andconfirmshamletssuspicion.Heundertakestoavengethemurder.TodullClaudiussvigilance,hamletpretendstohavegonemad.However,hismadnessistakenbyPolonius,anoldcourtier,tobeanemotionaldisturbanceduetohispassionforOphilia,daughterofPolonius.

Atthismoment,acompanyofplayersvisitsthecastle,andhamlethasaplayacted,whichresemblesthelatekingsmurder.Claudiusisdeeplydisturbedbytheperformanceandleavesthehallbeforetheplayisfinished.Hamletissummonedbyhismother,whotellshimthathehasoffendedtheking.HamletrevealsClaudiussbasenessandexpresseshisindignationatherhastymarriage.Thenhamletbecomesawarethatheisbeingoverheardintheconversation.ThinkingitisClaudiusthatisinhiding,herunshisswordthroughthearrasbutfindstheeavedropperthuskilledtobePolonius.

Togetrideofhamlet,claudiussendhimtoenglandandsendsassasinstokillhimonthevoyage.Buthamletsucceedsincomingoutofitaliveandreturnstodenmarkagain.

Heart-brokenatthedeathofherfather,pooropheliagoesmadandthenisdrownedinastream.Hamletreturnsjustatthetimeofopheliasfuneral.Inthegrave-yardhehasaquarrelwithlaertes,opheliasbrother.

Latertesvowstoavengethedeathofhissisterandfather.Withhimclaudiusarrangesthatlaertesistochallengehamlettoafriendlyduelandkillhimwithapoisonedrapier.Intheswordplay,laerteswoundshamletbutishimselfstruckwiththesamepoisonedrapierbyhamlet.Beforedeath,laertesrevealstheplottohamlet.Thequeen,atthismoment,hasdrunkfromapoisonedcupintendedforhamlet.Hamletthen,inapassion,stabsclaudius.Thequeendies,claudiusdies,laertesdies,hamletdies.Andhamletsbodyisborneoffwithmilitaryceremonial,byfortinbrashissuccessor.Therestissilence.

Thetragicalhistoryofhamlet,princeofdenmark(1601)《丹麥王子哈姆雷特的悲劇故事》是根據(jù)13世紀(jì)初丹麥歷史學(xué)家saxogrammaticus的記載，敘述丹麥王子哈姆雷特替父親報仇，殺死他的篡奪王位的叔父的故事。莎士比亞在劇本中改造了丹麥的歷史故事，改造了故事中主人公的性格，創(chuàng)造了哈姆雷特這個復(fù)雜深刻的人物。通過這個人物和他周圍環(huán)境之間的沖突，莎士比亞反映了文藝復(fù)興時期人文主義思想家的理想與資本主義原始積累時期社會現(xiàn)實之間的無法調(diào)和的矛盾。劇本中所描述的中世紀(jì)的丹麥實際上就是指的16、17世紀(jì)的英國，丹麥王子哈姆雷特實際上就是文藝復(fù)興時期英國社會進步青年的代表。對于這些青年來說，當(dāng)時英國的政治、英國的社會真是太黑暗了。難怪哈姆雷特說：丹麥?zhǔn)且凰O(jiān)獄，丹麥?zhǔn)且婚g最壞的囚室。

Hamlet’ssoliloquyForsuchafigureasHamlet,soliloquyisanaturalmedium,anecessaryreleaseofhisanguish;andsomeofhisquestioningmonologuespossesssurpassingpowerandinsight,whichhavesurvivedcenturiesofbeingtornfromtheircontext.Themostfamoussoliloquyisperhaps“tobeornottobe”inActIII,SceneI,Hamlet.SoliloquySoliloquy:1.anutteranceordiscoursebyapersonwhoistalkingtohimself/herselforisdisregardfuloforoblivioustoanyhearerspresent(oftenusedasadeviceinadramatodiscloseacharacter’sinnermostthoughts);2.theactoftalkingwhileorasifaloneSoliloquy:ormonologue,adramaticorliteraryformofdiscourseinwhichacharacterrevealshisorherthoughtswhenaloneorunawareofthepresenceofothercharacters.TheformofsoliloquySoliloquyisoftenusedinBlankverse(無韻詩，素體詩).Blankverseconsistsoffivefeet(tensyllables)iniambic（抑揚格）pentameter（五音步詩行）withoutendrhyme.ThisformhasgenerallybeenacceptedasthatbestadaptedtodramaticverseinEnglishandiscommonlyusedforlongpoemswhetherdramatic,philosophic,ornarrative.Soliloquy’sfunction1.togivefreeandcompleteexpressiontoacomplicatedstateofmindandfeelingofacharacter2.toprovideapointofviewontheeventsoftheplay.哈姆雷特的著名獨白探索生和死的問題，指出思想和行動之間的矛盾。這段獨白并不是說明哈姆雷特想借自殺來逃避替父報仇的責(zé)任，而是表達了人文主義思想家對生死問題的思考。在這段獨白之前，哈姆雷特已和演員們約好當(dāng)天夜間在宮中上演一出小戲，特請國王和王后觀賞。他叫演員們演的戲很象他叔父謀害他父親、娶他母親的內(nèi)容，目的在于觀察他叔父對這出戲的反應(yīng)，用以證實鬼魂所說關(guān)于謀殺的罪行。若經(jīng)證明他叔父果然是兇手，那么他就要立刻采取行動替父報仇。他焦急地等待著夜晚的來臨，以便進行這個關(guān)鍵性的試驗。在這段無事可作的等待期間，他心情更加沉重了。他想到死是一條出路，但是他并未下決心自殺。他權(quán)衡著生和死的得失；他想到每個人都掌握著自己的生死命運。拚一死去和罪惡社會作戰(zhàn)呢？還是消極地忍受世間的不平和痛苦？在這里哈姆雷特歷數(shù)英國社會上不平等、非正義的現(xiàn)象。他考慮到拿起武器和罪惡社會作斗爭，采取行動替父親報仇，都可能要付出生命作為代價，因此他想到生存和死亡的問題。死亡可以結(jié)束一切塵世間的痛苦，何樂而不為？但是死亡究竟是個謎，死后可能還有來生，來生可能有更多、更可怕的痛苦在等待著我們，如同睡眠中有惡夢一般。由于這個顧慮，人們寧愿忍受漫長的、痛苦的一生，而不肯輕易用一柄小小的刀子來結(jié)束自己的生命。因此，顧慮使我們成為懦夫。哈姆雷特從生死問題轉(zhuǎn)而思索思想和行動之間的關(guān)系。思想是指導(dǎo)行動的，但是想得太多卻令人躊躇不前，誤了大事。這是哈姆雷特對自己的警告。文藝復(fù)興時期的人文主義者，既是思想家，又是行動家。在這段獨白里，哈姆雷特決不是在宣傳自殺。相反，他所主張的是拿起武器和罪惡社會戰(zhàn)斗，是思想必須付諸行動。這正是文藝復(fù)興時期人文主義思想家所極力主張的。

Thatisaquestionwhethertoliveoninthisworldortodie,thatis,totakeactionortodonothing.TobeornottobeTobe,ornottobe:thatisthequestion:

Whether‘tis([詩]itis)noblerinthemindtosuffer

Theslings&arrowsofoutrageousfortune,

Ortotakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles,

Andbyopposingendthem?生存還是毀滅，這是一個值得考慮的問題；默然忍受命運的暴虐的毒箭，或是挺身反抗人世的無涯的苦難，通過斗爭把它們掃清，這兩種行為，哪一種更高貴？“Tobeornottobe”isthekeysentenceinthissoliloquy.“Tobe”istocontinuetolive,ortotakeaction.“nottobe”istodie,ortodonothingbutsuffering,toendone’slifebyself-destruction.Itisadilemmaoftryingtodeterminethemeaningoflifeanddeath.Isitnoblertosufferthelifepassivelyortodie(seektoendone’ssufferings)actively?Todie:tosleep;

Nomore;andbyasleeptosayweend

Theheart-acheandthethousandnaturalshocks

Thatfleshisheirto,'tisaconsummation

Devoutlytobewish'd.死了；睡著了；什么都完了；要是在這一種睡眠之中，我們心頭的創(chuàng)痛，以及其他無數(shù)血肉之軀所不能避免的打擊，都可以從此消失，那正是我們求之不得的結(jié)局。Todie:tosleep.Itisametaphor.Hamletspokeofsuicideasanescape.Hisspeechhasbecomeproverbialasanoutpouringofutterworld-weariness.

Todie,tosleep;

Tosleep:perchancetodream:ay,there'stherub;

Forinthatsleepofdeathwhatdreamsmaycome

Whenwehaveshuffledoffthismortalcoil,

Mustgiveuspause.死了；睡著了；睡著了也許還會做夢；嗯，阻礙就在這兒：因為當(dāng)我們擺脫了這一具朽腐的皮囊以后，在那死的睡眠里，究竟將要做些什么夢，那不能不使我們躊躇顧慮。Whyisit“therub”?Whatmakesuspause?Hamletthinksthatsuicideisadesirableactionofescaping,butwhatwillhappenafterdying?Italludestohesitationforsleeping/dyingbecauseHamletrealizesthatunknowndreamswillmakeusterrified.There'stherespect

Thatmakescalamityofsolonglife;

Forwhowouldbearthewhipsandscornsoftime,

Theoppressor'swrong,theproudman'scontumely,

Thepangsofdespisedlove,thelaw'sdelay,

Theinsolenceofofficeandthespurns

Thatpatientmeritoftheunworthytakes,

Whenhehimselfmighthisquietusmake

Withabarebodkin?人們甘心久困于患難之中，也就是為了這個緣故；誰愿意忍受人世的鞭撻和譏嘲、壓迫者的凌辱、傲慢者的冷眼、被輕蔑的愛情的慘痛、法律的遷延、官吏的橫暴和費盡辛勤所換來的小人的鄙視，要是他只要用一柄小小的刀子，就可以清算他自己的一生？ThisspeechconfirmsHamlet’ssuspicionofafterlife.Peoplewouldrathersufferlife-longmiseriesthantosleeptoundergotheunknowndreams.Becausecomparativelythelatterismorefearful.whowouldfardelsbear,

Togruntandsweatunderawearylife,

Butthatthedreadofsomethingafterdeath,

Theundiscover'dcountryfromwhosebourn

Notravellerreturns,puzzlesthewill

Andmakesusratherbearthoseillswehave

Thanflytoothersthatweknownotof?誰愿意負(fù)著這樣的重?fù)?dān)，在煩勞的生命的壓迫下呻吟流汗，倘不是因為懼怕不可知的死后，懼怕那從來不曾有一個旅人回來過的神秘之國，是它迷惑了我們的意志，使我們寧愿忍受目前的磨折，不敢向我們所不知道的痛苦飛去？Tobeismoredifficultandfearfulthannottobe.ThespeechindirectlygivesHamletareasonwhyhehasalwaysbeenhesitatingfortakingrevenge.Hamlethastoliveasuspectedlifebetweenfactandfiction,languageandaction.Itishisspeculationandvulnerabilityaswell.Thusconsciencedoesmakecowardsofusall;

Andthusthenativehueofresolution

Issickliedo'erwiththepalecastofthought,

Andenterprisesofgreatpitchandmoment

Withthisregardtheircurrentsturnawry,

Andlosethenameofaction.這樣，重重的顧慮使我們?nèi)兂闪伺撤?，決心的赤熱的光彩，被審慎的思維蓋上了一層灰色，偉大的事業(yè)在這一種考慮之下，也會逆流而退，失去了行動的意義。Hamletthusconcludesthatthedreadoftheafterlifeleadstoexcessivemoralsensitivitythatmakesactionimpossible.--Softyounow!

ThefairOphelia!Nymph,inthy(your)orisons

Beallmysinsremember'd.且慢！美麗的奧菲利婭！——女神，在你的祈禱之中，不要忘記替我懺悔我的罪孽。Hamlet’sthemeTakingofrevenge.Therevengingthemeisinterrelatedwiththemesoffaithlessness,loveandambition.ContrastisanimportantstructuralprincipleinHamlet.Thesuspicionbetweenfactandfiction,languageandaction.Procrastination.

Notesonthesoliloquy

Lineornottobe:toendoneslifebyself-destruction.Hamlethasalreadyspokenofsuicideasameansofescape,andhedwellsonitinalaterpartofthisveryspeech,giving,however,adifferentreasonforrefraining.Thewholedriftofthespeechshowshisbeliefinafuturelife.

Practicallythewholeofhamletsspeechhasbecomeproverbialasanoutpouringofutterworldweariness.Ofcourse,muchoftheimageryisnotpeculiartoshakespeareoranywriter,e.G.,thelikeningofdeathtostartingonalongjourney.

Slings:i.E.Missingsthrownbyslings

Takearmsagainstaseaoftroubles:totakeuparmsandrushuponthewavesoftheseawasacustomattributedbyseveralclassicalwriterstothecelts.Thetroublesarepicturedasadvancinglikesomeoverwhelmingtide.

Nomore:justthat,onlythat,i.E.Fallingonsleep

Consummation:acompletionofoneslife,acrowningandfittingend

Whatdreams:i.E.Thethoughtofwhatdreamsmaycome

Mortalcoil:turmoilofmortality,confusedtroubleofmortallife

Respect:consideration=regard

Ofsolonglife:solong-lived

Time:thetimes,theworld,onescontemporaries

Mighthisquietusmake:mightgivehimselfhisreleasefromlifestroubles

Thought:anxiety

Andlosethenameofaction:evenasarivermayloseitselfinasandywasteandsoafteritslongcourseneverreachthesea:wonderfulsymbol,indeed,offrustrationandfailure

SomenotionsUnrhymed:withoutendrhyme,havingnoregularcorrespondenceofsoundsattheendsoflines.iambus:ametrical（詩的格律的，韻律的）footconsistingofanunstressedsyllable（音節(jié)）(-)followedbyastressedsyllable(\),e.g.:begin(-\).Apentametermeansalineofverseconsistingoffivemetricalfeet.Afootis(usually)twoorthreesyllablesthatcontainonestrongstress.IambicPentameter-\-\-\\-

-\-Tobe,|ornot|tobe:|

thatis

|thequestion:

\-

-\-\-\-\-

Whether

|'tisnob|lerin|themind|tosufferSonnetSequenceHepublished154sonnetsin1609.14linesTheShakespeareanSonnetorEnglishsonnet,contains3quatrainsandacouplet(ababcdcdefefgg)Shakespearedidn’tinvent(WyattandSurreydid),butwasmostpopularuseroftheformUsually3quatrainssetuptheproblem,coupletoffersthesolutionTomasWyattwasthefirsttointroducethesonnetintoEnglishliterature.SonamedbecauseShakespearewasitsgreatestpractioner.Thisformisadoptedbymanywritersattheendofthe16thcentury.AnumberofthemesSonnet:Sonnet:afourteen-linepoemwithcomplexrhymeschemeandstructure.AShakespeariansonnethasfourteenlinesofiambicpentameters,avariablerhymescheme,andisdividedintothreequatrains(afourlinestanza)withaconcludingcoupletthatusuallyexpressthethemeoftheSonnet.AShakespeariansonnet—afourteen-linepoemofiambicpentameters.Thisformismadeupof3quatrainsandacouplet,rhymingababcdcdefefgg.

ASpenseriansonnethastherhymeschemeababbcbccdcdeeandnobreakbetweentheoctave(aneightlinestanza)andthesestet(asixlinestanza).ItisnamedaftertheElizabethanpoetEdmundSpenser.十四行詩起源于13世紀(jì)的意大利，16世紀(jì)上半葉由英國詩人薩利和魏阿特引入英國，風(fēng)靡一時。莎士比亞的十四行詩早在1960年前發(fā)表就以手抄本的形式流傳民間，其主題思想以歌頌愛情與友誼為主。這些詩共154首，分為三組。第一組（1～126首）寫給一位青年男子，詩人告誡他要早些結(jié)婚，生兒育女;第二組（127～152）描寫一位姿色不佳的“黑膚女郎”（darklady），詩人對他的態(tài)度是毫不掩飾的情欲；第三組（153～154）與前兩組毫無關(guān)系，好像是同一首詩寫了兩遍。在韻腳上，莎士比亞創(chuàng)作了自己的詩韻，即有名的莎士比亞十四行詩韻：abab,cdcd,efef,gg。Sonnet18

第一十八首

ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:Roughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsof

May,Andsummer'sleasehathalltooshortadate:Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed,

Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,Bychance,ornature'schangingcourseuntrimmed:Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow'st,Norshalldeathbragthouwander'stinhisshade,Whenineternallinestotimethougrow'st,

Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.我怎樣能把你比做夏天？

你比它更可愛也更溫和：

五月的嬌蕾有暴風(fēng)震顛，

夏季的壽命很短就度過。

有時候當(dāng)空照耀著烈日，

又往往它的光采轉(zhuǎn)陰淡；

凡是美艷終把美艷消失，

遭受運數(shù)和時序的摧殘。

你永恒的夏季永不凋零，

而且長把你的美艷保存；

死神難夸你踏它的幽影，

只因永恒的詩和你同春。

天地間能有人鑒賞文采，

詩就流傳就教你永在

——錄自王佐良主編《英國詩選》P70－71，上海譯文出版社1988年版。RhymeSchemeofSonnet18Quatrain1

A

ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sDAY?

B

ThouartmorelovelyandmoretemperATE:

A

RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMAY,,

B

Andsummer'sleasehathalltooshortaDATE:

Quatrain2

C

SometimetoohottheeyeofheavenSHINES,.

D

AndoftenishisgoldcomplexionDIMM'D;.

C

AndeveryfairfromfairsometimedeCLINES,

D

Bychanceornature'schangingcourseunTRIMM'D;.

Quatrain3

E

ButthyeternalsummershallnotFADE,

F

NorlosepossessionofthatfairthouOWEST;.

E

NorshallDeathbragthouwander'stinhisSHADE,

F

WhenineternallinestotimethouGROWEST:.Couplet

G

SolongasmencanbreatheoreyescanSEE,

G

SolonglivesthisandthisgiveslifetoTHEE.

you

ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?

Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:

RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,

Andsummer'sleasehathalltooshortadate:

我怎么能夠把你來比作夏天？

你不獨比它可愛也比它溫婉：

狂風(fēng)把五月寵愛的嫩蕊作踐，

夏天出賃的期限又未免太短：Extravagantpraisecomparesasummerdayaslesslovelyandconstantasthebeloved.IfIcomparedyoutoasummerday,/I'dhavetosayyouaremorebeautifulandserene:/Bycomparison,summerisroughonbuddinglife,/Anddoesn'tlastlongeither:youYouaregentlecharming;pleasingduration,timeallottedhasalimitedperiodoftimestrongwindslovelyQuatrain2Thesunissometimestoohotinsummeroroccasionallyshaded.Everybeautifulthingbecomeslessbeautifulthroughchanceortime.

Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,Andoftenishisgoldcomplexion

dimmed,Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,Bychance,ornature'schangingcourseuntrimmed:

天上的眼睛有時照得太酷烈，

它那炳耀的金顏又常遭掩蔽：

被機緣或無常的天道所摧折，

沒有芳艷不終于雕殘或銷毀。thesunnaturalcolorandappearanceoftheskinofthefacenotbrighteverybeautifulthingorpersonfrombeautystrippedofbeautyUntrimmedbychance,ornature’schangingcoursefortuneAttimesthesummersunistoohot,/Andatothertimescloudsdimitsbrilliance;/Everythingfairinnaturebecomeslessfairfromtimetotime,/Noonecanchange[trim]natureorchance;Quatrain3Transitioninthesestettocounterthatthebeloved'sbeautywillnotfadeordiebecauseofthepoem.

Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,

Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow'st,

Norshalldeathbragthouwander'stinhisshade,

Whenineternallinestotimethougrow'st,

但是你的長夏永遠(yuǎn)不會雕落，

也不會損失你這皎潔的紅芳，

或死神夸口你在他影里漂泊，

當(dāng)你在不朽的詩里與時同長。However,youyourselfwillnotfade,/Norloseownershipofyourfairness;/Notevendeathwillclaimyou,/BecausetheselinesIwritewillimmortalizeyou:existingforeverlosecolor,freshnessorvigorowestownboastwanderthougrow’sttotimegrow—growestSonnet18Couplet:Thepoemwillbereadaslongasmanlivesandthebelovedwillliveon.

Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,

Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.

只要一天有人類，或人有眼睛，

這詩將長存，并且賜給你生命。

Yourbeautywilllastaslongasmenbreatheandsee,/AsLongasthissonnetlivesandgivesyoulifethispoemAnalysisofSonnets18and29Summaryof18Thespeakeropensthepoemwithaquestionaddressedtothebeloved:"ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?"Thenextelevenlinesaredevotedtosuchacomparison.Inline2,thespeakerstipulateswhatmainlydifferentiatestheyoungmanfromthesummer'sday:heis"morelovelyandmoretemperate.“Summer'sdaystendtowardextremes:theyareshakenby"roughwinds";inthem,thesun("theeyeofheaven")oftenshines"toohot,"ortoodim.Andsummerisfleeting:itsdateistooshort,anditleadstothewitheringofautumn,as"everyfairfromfairsometimedeclines."Thefinalquatrainofthesonnettellshowthebeloveddiffersfromthesummerinthatrespect:hisbeautywilllastforever("Thyeternalsummershallnotfade...")andneverdie.Inthecouplet,thespeakerexplainshowthebeloved'sbeautywillaccomplishthisfeat,andnotperishbecauseitispreservedinthepoem,whichwilllastforever;itwilllive"aslongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee."Commentaryof18ThissonnetiscertainlythemostfamousinthesequenceofShakespeare'ssonnets;itmaybethemostfamouslyricpoeminEnglish.AmongShakespeare'sworks,onlylinessuchas"Tobeornottobe"and"Romeo,Romeo,whereforeartthouRomeo?"arebetter-known.Thisisnottosaythatitisatallthebestormostinterestingormostbeautifulofthesonnets;butthesimplicityandlovelinessofitspraiseofthebelovedhasguaranteeditsplace.Onthesurface,thepoemissimplyastatementofpraiseaboutthebeautyofthebeloved;summertendstounpleasantextremesofwindinessandheat,butthebelovedisalwaysmildandtemperate.Summerisincidentallypersonifiedasthe"eyeofheaven"withits"goldcomplexion";theimagerythroughoutissimpleandunaffected,withthe"darlingbudsofMay"givingwaytothe"eternalsummer",whichthespeakerpromisesthebeloved.Thelanguage,too,iscomparativelyunadornedforthesonnets;itisnotheavywithalliterationorassonance,andnearlyeverylineisitsownself-containedclause--almosteverylineendswithsomepunctuation,whicheffectsapause.Sonnet18isthefirstpoeminthesonnetsnottoexplicitlyencouragetheyoungmantohavechildren.The"procreation"sequenceofthefirst17sonnetsendedwiththespeaker'srealizationthattheyoungmanmightnotneedchildrentopreservehisbeauty;hecouldalsolive,thespeakerwritesattheendofSonnet17,"inmyrhyme."Sonnet18,then,isthefirst"rhyme"--thespeaker'sfirstattempttopreservetheyoungman'sbeautyforalltime.Animportantthemeofthesonnet(asitisanimportantthemethroughoutmuchofthesequence)isthepowerofthespeaker'spoemtodefytimeandlastforever,carryingthebeautyofthebeloveddowntofuturegenerations.Thebeloved's"eternalsummer"shallnotfadepreciselybecauseitisembodiedinthesonnet:"Solongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee,"thespeakerwritesinthecouplet,"Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee."Analysisof29Sonnet29showsusthepoetathismostinsecureandtroubled.Hefeelshimselfunlucky,disgraced,andjealousofthosearoundhim.Whatiscausingthepoet'sanguishonecanonlyguess,butanexaminationofthecircumstancessurroundinghislifeatthetimehewrotesonnet29couldhelpustounderstandhisdepression.In1592,theLondontheatresclosedduetoasevereoutbreakoftheplague.Althoughitispossible