thinking-as-a-hobby教學(xué)講解課件

zcjThinkingasahobbyByWilliamGoldingzcj

PictureDescriptionQuotationsonThinkingDiscussion

Warming-upzcj

Pleasedescribethefollowingpicturesindetailanddepicttheirsymbolicmeaninginyourownwords.

Compareyouranswerwiththatoftheauthor,andtrytofindtheirsymbolicmeaningintheboy’s(theauthor)eyes.PictureDescriptionzcjPictureDescriptionzcjPictureDescriptionzcjPictureDescriptionzcjHowarethethreestatuettesdescribedbytheboyandwhatdotheysymbolize?Scanthetextandlistouttherelatedinformation.VenusLeopardRodin’sThinkernakedwithnothingbutabathtowel;noarms;inanunfortunatepositioncrouching;nakednaked,muscular,whosat,lookingdown;hischinonhisfistandelbowonhiskneefrozeninpanic,worryingaboutthetowelbusyingbeingbeautifulreadytospringdownatthetopdrawerfromthecupboardutterlymiserable;contemplatethehindquartersoftheleopardinendlessgloombusybeingnaturalnotmiserable,animageofpurethoughtzcjII. QuotationsonThinking“Whatisthehardesttaskintheworld?Tothink.”

—RalphWaldoEmerson

“Mostpeoplecan’tthink,mostoftheremainderwon’tthink,andthesmallfractionwhodothinkmostlycan’tdoitverywell.”—RobertHeinlein “Ithink,thereforeIam.”

—RenéDéscartes

zcjII. QuotationsonThinking“Icannotteachanybodyanything,Icanonlymakethemthink.”—Socrates“Wethinktoosmall.Likethefrogatthebottomofthewell.Hethinkstheskyisonlyasbigasthetopofthewell.Ifhesurfaced,hewouldhaveanentirelydifferentview.”—MaoZedong

zcjII. QuotationsonThinking“Thinkingiswhatagreatmanypeoplethinktheyaredoingwhentheyaremerelyrearrangingtheirprejudices.”—WilliamJames“Nurtureyourmindwithgreatthoughts.”

—BenjaminDisraeli“Intelligenceissomethingwearebornwith.Thinkingisaskillthatmustbelearned.”—EdwarddeBonozcjIII.DiscussionWhatisyourhobby?Doyouwanttochoosethinkingasyourhobby?Whatkindofquestionsdoyouoftenthinkabout?zcjBackgroundInformation

Author

Rodin’sThinker

GoddessVenuszcjAuthorAuthorWilliamGoldingSirWilliamGeraldGolding(September19,1911—June19,1993)wasanEnglishnovelist,poetandwinnerof1983NobelLaureateinLiterature:“forhisnovelswhich,withtheperspicuityofrealisticnarrativeartandthediversityanduniversalityofmyth,illuminatethehumanconditionintheworldoftoday.”WilliamGoldingwontheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1983BeforeWWII,heworkedasawriter,actor,andproducerwithsmalltheatrecompaniesandasateacher.WilliamGoldingactedinShakespeare’sWinter’sTaleWilliamGoldingandHisFamilyzcj

TheAuthor’sBackground

HemarriedAnnBrookfield,ananalyticalchemist,in1939.HebecameateacherofEnglishandphilosophyatBishopWordsworth’sSchoolinSalisbury.DuringWorldWarIIheservedintheRoyalNavyandwasinvolvedinthesinkingofGermany’smightiestbattleship,theBismarck.HeparticipatedintheinvasionofNormandyonD-Dayandatwar’sendwentbacktoteachingandwriting.zcj

TheAuthor’sBackground

In1961hissuccessfulbooksallowedGoldingtoleavehisteachingpostandhespentayearaswriter-in-residenceatHollinsCollegeinVirginia.Hethenbecameafull-timewriter.

HereceivedaknighthoodfromQueenElizabethIIin1988.WilliamGoldingdiedinhishomeatPerranarworthal,nearTruro,CornwallonJune19,1993.zcjWilliamGolding’smainworksPoems(1934)LordoftheFlies(1954)TheInheritors(1955)PincherMartin(1956)FreeFall(1959)TheSpire(1964)Darkness

Visible(1979)TheTrilogyRitesofPassage(1980,BookerPrize)CloseQuarters(1987)FireDownBelow(1989),republishedunderthegeneraltitleToTheEndsoftheEarth

zcjThelordoffliesFableRealisticnarrativeRalphJackThelordofflieszcjLordoftheFlies

(movie:directedbyPeterBrook)zcjzcjzcjzcjzcjThestoryitselftakesplaceonanisolatedisland.Aplanehascrashed,andittranspiresthattherearenoadultsurvivors.TwoEnglishboysnamedRalphandPiggyformtheinitialfocus,astheybegintomakesenseoftheirnewsurroundings.TheboyssoonfindaconchshellandPiggysuggeststhatRalphusestheconchasahorntocallforanyothersurvivorswhomightbenearby.Theboysinclude"biguns"(severalolderchildren)and"littluns"(youngerchildren),andrapidlydivideintotwocampsheadedbyRalph,andanotherolderboynamedJack(theheadofachoirgroupthatalsolandedontheisland).Ralphisvotedinchargeandcallseveryonetogethertoworktowardtwocommongoals,thefirstbeingtohavefunandthesecondtoberescuedbycreatingaconstantfiresignal,tobelitusingPiggy'sglasses.Foratimetheboysworktogethertowardsbuildingshelters,gatheringfoodandwater,andkeepingthefiregoing.Theonegoalwhichconstantlygetssidelinediskeepingthesignalfiregoingassomeoftheboys,thehunters,ledbyJack,focustheirenergyonhuntingthewildpigsontheisland.Thechildren'sbeliefinabeastontheislandalsocreatesaproblem.zcjThechildrenbegintosplitintotwogroups,basedontheexistenceofthebeast.RalphattemptstodisprovetheexistenceofthebeastwhileJackexploitsthebeliefinthebeasttoencouragehisgroupofhunters.JacksoonformsaseparatetribefromRalph's.JackgainsdefectorsfromRalph'stribebypromisingthemmeat,fun,and,mostimportantly,protectionfromthebeast.Jack'stribegraduallybecomesmoresavageandtheyusefacepaintandfocusmainlyonhunting,whileRalph'sgroupfocusesonkeepingthefiregoingandgettingrescued.Simon,apartofRalph'stribe,setsoffonamissiontoinvestigatethemountain.Whileonhiswaythere,hefindthepig'sheadonastickJackputthereearlier,andbeginstohallucinate.Heseestheheadas"TheLordoftheFlies,"andbelievesthatitistalkingtohim,tellinghimthetruth,thattheycreatedthebeast,andthattherealbeastwasinsidehim,insidethemall.Healsofindsthedeadparachuterwhichhadbeenmistakenforthebeast.Onhisreturn,hearrivesatthepeakofatribalritualatJack'stribe,andhisexplanationgoesunheardasheiskilled.Jack'stribethenraidRalph'scamp,attackingthenon-huntersinordertostealPiggy'sglassesinordertomakeacookingfire.BythistimeRalph'stribeconsistsofjusthimself,Piggy,andtwinsSamandEric.zcjTheyallgototherockfortofJack'stribetotrytogetbackPiggy'sglassessohecansee.IntheensuingconfrontationPiggyisstruckbyaboulderthrownbyRogerknockinghimoffthecliff;hefallstohisdeath.Theconchisshatteredintomillionsofpiecesbythelaunchedrock.EricandSamarecapturedandbothbecomepartofJack'stribe,leavingRalphbyhimself.Inthefinalsequenceofthebook,JackandhisfriendRogerleadthetribeof'hunters'onahuntforRalph,intendingtokillhim.InordertodothisJacksetstheentireislandonfire.Thefireissolargethatitattractstheattentionofanearbywarshipwhichcomestotheislandandrescuestheboys.Anavyofficerlandsontheislandandhissuddenappearancebringsthechildren'sfightingtoanabrupthalt.Whenlearningoftheboys'activities,theofficerremarksthathewouldhaveexpectedbetterfromBritishboys.Inthefinalsceneofthebook,Ralphcries,inmourningforhisfriendPiggy,hisownlossofinnocence,andhisnewfoundawarenessofthedarknessofhumannature.Ahintoftheauthor'sintentioncanbefoundinthefinaldescriptionoftheofficerasheremainsunawareoftheimportanceoftheeventsthathavetranspired,watchinghispeacefullyfloatingship(representingcivilization)thatisstilldescribedasfaraway.zcjRodin’sThinkerzcjRodin’sThinkerRestingonthehorizontalpanelabovethedoors,TheThinkerbecamethefocalpointofTheGatesofHellandsubsequentlyperhapsthemostwell-knownsculptureofalltime.Theathletic-lookingfigure,inspiredbythesculptureofMichelangelo,depictsamaninsobermeditation,yetwhosemusclesstrainwitheffort—possiblytoevokeapowerfulinternalstruggle.RodininitiallyreferredtothefigureasDantebuteventuallywhatweknowasTheThinkerevolvedintoamoresymbolicrepresentationofcreativity,intellect,andaboveall—thought.zcjGoddessVenusVenusdeMilo(about150—100BC)isconsideredbymanyarthistorianstobetheidealofHellenisticbeauty.Itwascarvedoutofmarbleandstandsapproximately205cm(6ft10in)high.

zcjGoddessVenusTheBirthofVenusAsRomanGoddessofLoveandBeauty,VenusisassociatedwithcultivatedfieldsandgardensandlateridentifiedbytheRomanswiththeGreekGoddessofLove,Aphrodite.zcjTextanalysis&languagestudyzcjHowistheessayorganized?zcjStructurePart1(Paras.1—24)about:

Part2(Paras.25—29)about:Part3(Paras.30—35)about:Howthesubjectofthinkingwasfirstbroughtuptotheauthorandhisunder-standingofthenatureof“grade-threethinking”Theauthor’sanalysisofthenatureof“grade-twothinking”Theauthor’sunderstandingofthe“grade-onethinking”andhisdesireforitzcjThemeThinkingisnotjustforprofessionalthinkerslikephilosophers.Itissomethingalleducatedpeopleshouldenjoydoing,anditisconsideredoneofthemostpreciousqualitiesinyoungscholarsforthehealthymentaldevelopment.zcjParagraph1:1.Icametotheconclusionthattheewerethreegradesofthinking…tocometoaconclusion:toreach/arriveat/drawaconclusiongrade:anacceptedlevelorstandard

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)被接受的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或水平eg.Thisgradeofwoolcanbesoldatafairlylowprice.這種等級(jí)的羊毛可以以相當(dāng)?shù)偷膬r(jià)格賣出.C.fUpgradedegradezcjParagraph2:grammarschool:InBritain,itreferstoaschoolforchildrenover11whoareacademicallybright.Today,therearefewgrammarschools.Mostsecondaryschoolsarecalled“comprehensive”andtakeinallchildrenover11whatevertheirabilities.IntheUS,agrammarschoolusedtomeananelementaryschool,butitisnowconsideredold-fashioned.zcjnothingbut

:only,merelyExamples:

Don’thavehimforafriend:he’snothingbutacriminal.Hehadnothingforsupperbutalittlepieceofcheese.

Nothingbutrosesmeetstheeye.“nothing”phraseszcj

ButtheSwissdiscoveredlongyearsagothatconstantwarfarebroughtthem_____sufferingandpoverty.A.anythingbutB.nothingbutC.noneotherthanD.nomorethan

key:Bzcjnothinglessthannothingmorethannothingmuch不亞于，完全（強(qiáng)調(diào)其多、其大）僅僅，只不過(guò)（強(qiáng)調(diào)其少、其?。┓浅Ｉ伲瑳](méi)什么zcjThat’snothinglessthanamiracle.(=nolessthan)Thedropsdidn’tgetverybig,andtheearthreceivednothingmorethanadrizzle.(=nomorethan)“Anythinginterestinghappening?”No,nothingmuch.zcjOnewasaladywearingnothingbutabathtowel.nothingbut:nothingexcept;onlyeg:Thedoctortoldherthatitwasnothingbutacold.Hecaredfornothingbuthisnameandposition.Hewasanythingbutacoward.zcjSheseemedfrozeninaneternalpaniclestthebathtowelslipdownanyfarther…lest:conj.forfearthat

唯恐，以免：Note:Thesubjunctivemoodisusedintheclauselestintroduces.eg.Becarefullestyoufallfromthattree.要當(dāng)心,以免從樹(shù)上摔下來(lái)。zcjShealwaysputhermedicationonthetopoftheshelflestthechildren_____itbymistake.A.tookB.shouldtakeC.hadtakenD.wouldtakezcj…andsinceshehadnoarms,she

wasin

anunfortunate

positionto

pullthetowelupagain.bein…positiontodosth:tobeabletodosthbecauseorhaveability,powerormoneytodoit.能夠...,

處在可以...的位置,

有能力...egIamnotinapositiontolendyoumoney.zcjNexttoher,crouchedthestatuetteofaleopard,readytospringdownatthetopdrawerofafilingcabinet.crouch:1.tostoop,especiallywiththekneesbent:egTheycrouchedoverthegratewithaflashlight,searchingforthelostgem.2.topresstheentirebodyclosetothegroundwiththelimbsbent:eg.acatcrouchingnearitsprey.zcjmuscular

a.

a.

of,relatingto,orconsistingofmuscle

b.havingwell-developedmuscles

c.havingorsuggestinggreatpower;forcefulorvigorousExamples:

amuscularbuild一副強(qiáng)壯的體格

muscularcontraction肌肉的收縮

muscularadvocacygroups

有力的擁護(hù)團(tuán)體zcjUtterlyIamutterlypuzzledwhattodowithit.全然;完全地;徹底地;十足地

UtterHewasinutterdespair.Shedidn'tutterawordallnight.zcjChangesinalanguagearechangesinthegrammarofthespeakersofthelanguage.Thismeansthatphonemes,_____,wordsandgrammaticalrulesmaybeborrowed,added,lostoraltered.A.phrasesB.sentencesC.morphemesD.utterancesKey:Cmorpheme詞素

zcjParagraph31.delinquent:

n.apersonwhoneglectsorfailstodowhatlawordutyrequires.

adj.failingtodowhatlawordutyrequires.zcjMostdelinquentchildrenhavedeprivedbackgrounds.多數(shù)少年犯都有貧困且未受教育的背景。

I'mafraidhe'llultimatelybecomeajuveniledelinquent.我恐怕他最終會(huì)成為一名青少年罪犯。

zcjParagraph3Shewasjustbusybeingbeautiful.P:Fromtheboy’spointofview,theGoddessofLovewassimplytryingtoremainbeautiful.zcjParagraph4Iwasnotintegrated.Iwas,ifanything,egrated:formingapartofaharmoniousgroupdisintegrated:Here,itisusedbytheauthortomeanthedirectoppositeof“integrated”,andthereforemeanssomekindofatrouble-maker.zcjintegrateThecommitteecanintegratethedifferentplans.Theyhavelivedinthiscountryfortenyears,buthaveneverreallyintegrated.他們已在這個(gè)國(guó)家生活了十年,但還沒(méi)有融入這個(gè)社會(huì)。integrated整體的；完全的；綜合的integrityzcjifanything:onthecontrary相反；更有可能的是eg.Heisnotknownforhisgenerosity.Heis,ifanything,quitemiserly.Theweatherforecastsaysthatitwillnotbewarmerthiswinter.Itwill,ifanything,evencolderthanlastyear.Heis,ifanything,alittleweakertoday.zcjThemusculargentlemancontemplatedthehindquartersoftheleopardinendlessgloom.(Para.9)Theauthorexpressedtheboy’sviewingoftheimageofThinkerinahumorouswaytoshowthatthethinkingdoesn’tmakeanysensetohim.zcjconsiderpondermeditatedeliberatebroodoverParagraph9contemplate:tothinkforalongtimeinordertounderstandbetter.Synonymszcj.contemplatev.a.tolookatattentivelyandthoughtfully

b.toconsidercarefullyandatlength;c.tohaveinmindasanintentionorpossibilityShestoodcontemplatingherfigureinthemirror.Theyoungsurgeoncontemplatedthedifficultoperationofkidneytransplant.SheiscontemplatingatriptoEurope,butshehasn’tplannedityet.C.ftemplate/templezcjHisspectaclescaughtthelightsothatyoucouldseenothinghumanbehindthem.P:Theteacher’sglassescaughtthelightandthereforetheboycouldnotseetheteacher’seyes.Hecouldnothaveanyeyecontact.Hecouldnothaveanycommunicationwithhim.zcjanguishn.

mentalorphysicalsufferingcausedbyextremepainorworry.

{搭配}beinanguishShewasinanguishoverhermissingchild.v.(tocause)tofeelorsufferanguish.e.g.Thelossofherhusbandanguishedherdeeply.Herheartanguishedwithinher.a.

anguishedanguishedcriesParagraph11zcjon…occasion

Hetalkedabouthishisworkoneveryoccasion.ShewasinvitedtotheMaster’sroomonseveraloccasions.

On

occasion,wefeellikecelebratingandhaveaparty.

Ononeoccasion,helandedinadesertedcarpark.總是，不管什么時(shí)候有幾次有時(shí)，遇必要時(shí)曾經(jīng)，有一次zcjParagraph12leaptoone’sfeet:tojumpupPleasepayattentiontothefollowingphrasescontainingthewordfeet:rise/struggle/staggertoone’sfeet.zcjtoleaptoone’sfeettorisetoone’sfeettostruggletoone’sfeettostaggertoone’sfeettohelpsb.toone’sfeettopullsb.tohisfeet一躍而起站起身來(lái)掙扎著站起來(lái)蹣跚而立扶某人站起來(lái)把某人拉起來(lái)zcjNaturehadendowedtherestofthehumanracewithasixthsenseandleftmeout.(Para.15)Everybody,exceptme,arebornwiththeabilitytothink.zcj4)Naturehadendowedtherestofthehumanracewithasixthsenseandleftmeout.(Para.15)asixthsense:akeenintuitivepower.Here,theauthormeanstheabilitytothink.toendowsb.withsth.:toprovidesb.withanaturalqualityortalent.e.g.Sheisoneofthoseluckywomenwhoareendowedwithbothasharpbrainandgreatbeauty.Godhasnotendowedhimwithmuchhumor.zcjJanetriedto_____thedoormanwithmoney,butshefailed.A.bribeB.corruptC.awardD.endowzcjHewas____withthepowerofacuteobservation.A.conferredB.endowedC.equippedD.bestowedendow意為“賦予”，后接with;confer…on意為“授予，給予…”;equip…with意為“裝備，配備…”;bestow…on意為“授予，贈(zèng)予”。

zcjParagraph17:Sometimes,exaltedbyhisownoratory,hewouldleapfromhisdeskandhustleusoutsideintoahideouswind.P:Sometimeshegotcarriedawayandwouldleapfromhisdeskandhurryusoutsideintoacoldandunpleasantwind.zcjexaltv.

a.toraiseinrank,character,orstatus

b.toglorify,praise,orhonor

c.toincreasetheeffectorintensityofa.excited;noble;exaggeratedExamples:Complementarycolorsexalteachother.Hewasexaltedtothepositionofpresident.Theretiringprofessorisexaltedbyhiscolleagues.anexalteddedicationtolibertyCf.exultv.

歡欣鼓舞,

狂喜,

歡躍

exaltedzcj.hustlevt.

a.toconveyinahurriedorroughmanner

b.tocauseorurgetoproceedquicklyc.togainbyenergeticeffortvi.toworkormoveenergeticallyandrapidlyExamples:Thepolicehustledtheprisonerintoavan.Motherhustledthechildrenofftoschoollesttheyshouldbelate.Wehustledtogetdinnerreadyontime.zcjimpedimentThemainimpedimenttodevelopmentisthecountry’shugeforeigndebt.Hehasanimpedimentinspeech.他講話口吃。

n.

a.afactoreventwhichmakesactiondifficultorimpossibleb.anorganicdefectpreventingcleararticulationzcjMr.Houghtonwasgiventohigh-mindedmonologuesaboutthegoodlife,sexlessandfullofduty.(Para.20)ObviouslyinMr.Houghton’scleanlife,thereisnoplaceforalcoholicdrink,sex,andotherworldlypleasures.Thisis,ofcourse,ironical.Begivento喜歡,癖好zcjParagraph20:Yetinthemiddleofthesemonologues,ifagirlpassedthewindow,hisneckwouldturnofitselfandhewouldwatchheroutsight.P:Hereauthorisnotlaughingattheteacher’sinterestinyounggirls.Ratherheisridiculingthecontradictionbetweenhishighmoraltoneandtheworkingofhisgeneswhichcompelshimtoturnhisheadtowardyounggirls.zcjbulge

v.tocurveoutward;toswellup;tostickoutn.a.

aprotrudingpart;anoutwardcurveorswellingb.

asudden,usuallytemporaryincreasein numberorquantityExamples:

Hispocketwasbulgingwithsweets.Thebabyboomcreatedabulgeinschoolenrollment.zcjSynonym:

bulgeprotrudestickoutprotrudev.

topushorthrustoutward;tojutout

Examples:Helen’steethprotrudetoofar.Thepolicemansawagunprotrudingfromtheman’spocket.zcjthinkwellofnotthinkmuchofthinkbetterofsb.thinkbetterofsth.thinkhighlyofthinkwellofthinklittleofthinkpoorlyofthinknothingof看輕對(duì)某人印象好；看重某人改變······念頭；打消主意看重；器重重視看輕；看不起不放在眼里；輕視輕視；認(rèn)為無(wú)所謂；認(rèn)為沒(méi)什么了不起zcjlectureon向…就(某題目)作報(bào)告,辦講座Helecturedonmoderndrama.Helecturedthechildrenongoodmanners.zcjParagraph23:Technically,itisaboutasproficientasmostbusinessmen’sgolf,ashonestasmostpoliticians’intentions,orascoherentasmostbooksthatgetwritten.P:

This,ironicalsentenceshowsthattheauthornotonlyconsidersthesepeopleincompetent,dishonestandincoherent,butalsodespisesmostbusinessmen,distrustsmostpoliticiansanddislikesmostpublications.zcjproficienta.abletodosomethingwellorskillfully.

{搭配}beproficientat/ine.g.Sheisproficientat/infigureskating.她精于花樣滑冰。proficiencyn.熟練,精通,熟練程度e.g.Hemadelittleproficiencyinliteraryaccomplishmentszcj.contemptIfeelnothingbutcontemptforsuchdishonestbehavior.Expressions:bebeneathcontemptbringintocontemptholdincontemptincontemptof極為荒謬可鄙的使受人鄙視鄙視，蔑視不顧，不把······放在眼里zcjcontemptible:deservingofcontempt;despicable卑劣的，可鄙的contemptuous:manifestingorfeelingcontempt;scornful鄙視的；看不起；Itwascontemptible

ofhimtospeaklikethataboutarespectableteacher!Itwasacontemptibletricktotellliesandplayonanoldfriend!Hewascontemptuous

ofBritain’sarmy.SeeingIfailedtounderstand,hegavemeacontemptuouslook.zcjconfront

v.①toopposedefiantly{搭配}confrontdanger/reality

e.g.Asoldierhastoconfrontdangeranddeath②tocomeupagainst;encountere.g.Iamconfrontedwithmanydifficulties.zcjInolongerdismisslightlyamentalprocess.(Para.24)Inolongerconsiderthewaygrade-threethinkersthinkunimportantbecausetheyaccountfornine-tenthsofthepeopleandthereforehavegreatpower.NowIknowthatignorance,prejudiceandhypocrisyareverypowerfulenemies.zcjAcrowdofgrade-thinkers,allshoutingthesamething,allwarmingtheirhandatthefireoftheirownprejudices…Manenjoysagreementascowswillgrazeallthesamewayonthesideofahill.(Para.24)Theauthorthinksthatitisprobablyhumannaturetoenjoyagreementbecauseitseemstobringpeace,security,comfortandharmony.zcjStampede：Togeteasilyfrightenedandrunwiththecrowdfallintotheotherfault：Togototheotherextreme,thatistoacttooslowlyandlagbehindWithdrawal：Detachment:(冷漠)asfromsocialoremotionalinvolvement;refusingtobepartofthecrowd.Grade-twothinkersdonotstampedeeasily,thoughoftentheyfallintotheotherfaultandlagbehind.Grade-twothinkingisawithdrawal,witheyesandearsopen.Itdestroyswithouthavingthepowertocreate.(Para.25)zcjstampede

v.to(tocauseto)fleeinpanicortoactonmassimpulse

n.a.asuddenfrenziedorheadlongrushorflightb.amassimpulsiveactionExamples:

Rumorsofashortagestampededpeopleintobuyingupfood.aherdofstampedingcattleastampedeofsupportforthecandidate

紛紛支持那個(gè)候選人zcjlagbehind

tofailtokeepupapace;tostraggleExamples:Theelderpeopleandchildrenalwayslagbehindwhenwegoforawalk.Don’tletasingleclassmatelagbehind.Hewondereddarklyathowgreatalagtherewasbetweenhisthinkingandhisactions.他暗暗驚訝于自己在思想和行動(dòng)上有如此大的差距。zcjItsetmewatchingthecrowdscheeringHisMajestytheKingandaskingmyselfwhatallthefusswasabout,withoutgivingmeanythingpositivetoputintheplaceofthatheadypatriotism.Buttherewerecompensations.(Para.25)ItmademewatchpeopleshoutinginjoyandsupportoftheKingandwonderwhatthissenselessexcitementwasallaboutalthoughIdidnothaveanythinggoodtoreplacethisexcitingorintoxicatingpatriotism.ButIdidgetsomethingoutofit.zcjfuss:toomuchattentiontooruncalled-forexcitementoverthingsthatareunnecessaryandunimportante.g.Whatafussaboutnothing!真是無(wú)事生非！toputintheplaceof:toreplaceheady:inclinedtogotoyourheadandmakeyouexcitede.g.aheadytrend;headydays;headysuccesscompensation:pay,reward,sth.thatcompensateforyourloss,serviceoreffortzcjfussfusswith過(guò)分講究;忙亂fussaround[美口]瞎忙一氣;忙得團(tuán)團(tuán)轉(zhuǎn)fussupanddown瞎忙得團(tuán)團(tuán)轉(zhuǎn)madeafussoverzcjheadyTrytotranslatethefollowingphrases:headyliqueurtheheadynewsoftriumphaheadyoutburstofangeraheadycurrentheadytacticstooheadytoreasonwith醉人的烈酒振奮人心的獲勝消息猛一聲怒喝一股湍流機(jī)敏的戰(zhàn)術(shù)太專橫而無(wú)法與之理論zcjParagraph25:TohearourPrimerMinstertoldaboutthegreatbenefitweconferredonIndiabyjailingpeoplelikeNehruandGandhi.zcjGandhi(1869-1948)andNehru(1889-1964)werebothleadersoftheFree-IndiaMovementwhichaimedatwinningnationalindependenceforIndiathroughnon-violent,civil-disobediencemeans.Inthecourseofthisstruggle,theywerejailedbytheBritishgovernmentseveraltimes.ButtheireffortsfinallybroughtabouttheindependenceofIndiaonAugust15,1947.Gandhi(1869-1948)Nehru(1889-1964)

zcj.conferv.

a.tobestow(e.g.anhonor)授予b.toinvestwith(acharacteristic)賦予；使帶有c.(vi.)tomeetinordertodeliberatetogetherorcompareviews協(xié)商Examples:Thegovernmentconferredamedalonthehero.Diplomaswereconferredonmembersofgraduatingclass.Theengineersandtechniciansarestillconferringontheunexpectedaccident.confersth.onsb.授予conferwithsb.onsth.協(xié)商zcjThetextbookquestionaswellasotherissuesisgoingtobediscussedwhenthecongressisin_____againnextspring.A.assemblyB.conventionC.conferenceD.sessionzcj教科書問(wèn)題及其他問(wèn)題將于明年春天在國(guó)會(huì)會(huì)期內(nèi)得到討論?！驹敿?xì)解答】session意為"會(huì)期,開(kāi)庭期",常與in搭配表示"進(jìn)入會(huì)期或開(kāi)庭期";assembly強(qiáng)調(diào)的是"集合,集會(huì)";conference指的是"會(huì)議,談判";convention作“會(huì)議”講通常指“政活性的會(huì)議”。因此D為正確選項(xiàng)。

zcjParagraph26:SaintJerome’sVulgate:ThisistheLatintranslationoftheBilemadebySaintJeromeattheendofthefourthcenturyA.D.ItisnowusedinarevisedformastheRomanCatholicauthorizedversion.zcjSheclaimedthattheBiblewasliterallyinspired.IcounteredbysayingthattheCatholicsbelievedintheliteralinspirationofSaintJerome’sVulgateandthetwobooksweredifferent.Argumentflagged.(Para.26)“BothMethodistsandCatholicsbelievedthattheirBooksareatruerecordoftheGod’sdivineplan.”TheauthorusedthisexampletodefyRuth’sillogicalopinion,thereforetheargumentbecamedullbecauseRuthdidn’tknowhowtorespondtoit.zcjflagTodeclineinvigororstrength:Myappetiteflagsinthehotweather.Todeclineininterest:Theconversationflagged.談話變得索然無(wú)味zcjThatwastooeasy,saidIrestivelysincethereweremoreRomanCatholicsthanMethodistsanyway;…(Para.27)Here,theauthorpointedoutRuth’slogicalerror.Thenumbero