專業(yè)英語(yǔ)計(jì)算機(jī)全部文件5版

CHAPTER5NEWINTERNETAPPLICATIONS

5.1INSTANTMESSAGING(IM)5.1.1OVERVIEWOFINSTANTMESSAGING(IM)KEYWORDS

IM(InstantMessaging) 即時(shí)消息

livecommunication 實(shí)時(shí)通信

online 在線，聯(lián)機(jī)

videoconferencing 視頻會(huì)議

filesharing 文件共享

remoteassistance 遠(yuǎn)程輔助

chat 聊天，閑談

buddylist 好友通訊錄

socialnetwork 社交網(wǎng)

smartphone 智能電話

browser-basedclient 基于瀏覽器的客戶（端）

filetransfer 文件傳輸

enterpriseversion 企業(yè)版

workflowsystem 文件流系統(tǒng)

EAI(EnterpriseApplicationIntegration)企業(yè)應(yīng)用軟件集成65.1INSTANTMESSAGING(IM)5.1.1OVERVIEWOFINSTANTMESSAGING(IM)

Instantmessaging(IM)isanextensionofe-mailthatallowstwoormorepeopletocontacteachotherviadirect,livecommunication.Touseinstantmessaging,youspecifyalistoffriendsandregisterwithaninstantmessagingserver.WheneveryouconnecttotheInternet,specialsoftwareinformsyourmessagingserverthatyouareonline.[1]

Inresponse,theserverwillnotifyyouifanyofyourcontactsareonline.Atthesametime,itnotifiesyourfriendsthatyouareonline.Youcanthensendmessagesdirectlybackandforthtooneanother.Mostinstant

定語(yǔ)從句6messagingprogramsalsoincludevideoconferencingfeatures,filesharing,andremoteassistance.Manybusinessesroutinelyusetheseinstantmessagingfeatures.

Instantmessagingisapopularvariationofchatinwhichyouareinformedwhensomeoneonyourbuddylist—alistcontainingthenamesoffriendsandassociatesthatyouspecify—isonline;whentheyareonline,youcansendthemamessagethatimmediatelyappearsontheirscreen(SeeFigure5-1).[2]Youcanthenhaveareal-timetypedconversation.

定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句6Figure5-1InstantMessaging.6Asof2010,socialnetworkingprovidersoftenofferIMabilities.FacebookChatisaformofinstantmessaging,andTwittercanbethoughtofasaWeb2.0instantmessagingsystem[3].Similarserver-sidechatfeaturesarepartofmostdatingwebsites,suchasOKCupidorPlentyofFish[4].Thespreadofsmartphonesandsimilardevicesinthelate2000salsocausedincreasedcompetitionwithconventionalinstantmessaging,bymakingtextmessagingservicesstillmoreubiquitous.

Manyinstantmessagingservicesoffervideocallingfeatures,voiceoverIPandwebconferencingservices[5].Webconferencingservicescanintegratebothvideocallingandinstantmessagingabilities.Someinstantmessaging臉譜聊天推特免費(fèi)的在線約會(huì)很多魚IP電話6companiesarealsoofferingdesktopsharing,IPradio,andIPTVtothevoiceandvideofeatures[6].EachmodernIMservicegenerallyprovidesitsownclient,eitheraseparatelyinstalledpieceofsoftware,orabrowser-basedclient.Theseusuallyonlyworkwiththesuppliercompany’sservice,althoughsomeallowlimitedfunctionwithotherservices.Thirdpartyclientsoftwareapplicationsexist,thatwillconnectwithmostofthemajorIMservices.Adium,Empathy,MirandaIM,Pidgin,QnextandTrillianareafewofthecommonones[7].Standardcomplementaryinstantmessagingapplicationsofferfunctionslikefiletransfer,contactlist(s),theabilitytoholdseveralsimultaneousconversations,etc.Thesemay交互式網(wǎng)絡(luò)電視r(shí)adiooverIP6beallthefunctionsthatasmallbusinessneeds,butlargerorganizationswillrequiremoresophisticatedapplicationsthatcanworktogether[8].Thesolutiontofindingapplicationscapableofthisistouseenterpriseversionsofinstantmessagingapplications.TheseincludetitleslikeXMPP,LotusSametime,MicrosoftOfficeCommunicator,etc.,whichareoftenintegratedwithotherenterpriseapplicationssuchasworkflowsystems[9].Theseenterpriseapplications,orenterpriseapplicationintegration(EAI),arebuilttocertainconstraints,namelystoringdatainacommonformat.非限定性定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句6NOTES[1]

that引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句。[2]本句是用分號(hào)隔開的兩個(gè)句子，前一個(gè)句子中，inwhich引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，此從句中when引導(dǎo)的又是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；兩個(gè)破折號(hào)中間的句子是同位語(yǔ)。[3]

FacebookChat，臉譜聊天。有關(guān)Facebook，請(qǐng)見5.1.3節(jié)。Twitter，推特。有關(guān)Twitter，請(qǐng)見5.1.4節(jié)。[4]

OKCupid，免費(fèi)的在線約會(huì)（onlinedating），是一個(gè)朋友和社交網(wǎng)站，其特點(diǎn)是成員之間可以猜謎和討論問題。PlentyofFish，“很多魚”網(wǎng)站。6[5]

voiceoverIP，即IP電話，有關(guān)IP電話的內(nèi)容，請(qǐng)見3.1.3節(jié)NOTES[6]。[6]

IPradio，即RadiooverIP。IPTV，即交互式網(wǎng)絡(luò)電視，是一種利用寬帶網(wǎng)，集互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、多媒體、通信等技術(shù)于一體，向家庭用戶提供包括數(shù)字電視在內(nèi)的多種交互式服務(wù)的嶄新技術(shù)。它能夠很好地適應(yīng)當(dāng)今網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展。6[7]

Adium，是用于OSX操作系統(tǒng)的自由和開源即時(shí)消息客戶端軟件，支持WindowsLiveMessenger、Yahoo!Messenger、GoogleTalk、ICQ、XMPP等多個(gè)IM網(wǎng)。Empathy，是IM和VoIP客戶端軟件，支持文本、語(yǔ)音、視頻、文件傳輸和各種IM協(xié)議上的應(yīng)用程序之間的通信。MirandaIM，為微軟Windows設(shè)計(jì)的開源多協(xié)議即時(shí)消息應(yīng)用軟件。Pidgin，（以前的名字是Gaim），是一個(gè)開源多平臺(tái)即時(shí)消息客戶軟件。Qnext，是一個(gè)安全遠(yuǎn)程文件訪問的應(yīng)用軟件，可使用計(jì)算機(jī)和移動(dòng)設(shè)備，所訪問的文件可放在多個(gè)存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備或云服務(wù)設(shè)備上。Trillian，是為微軟Windows、蘋果MacOSX、Linux、Android、iOS等系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的專利多協(xié)議即時(shí)消6息應(yīng)用軟件。[8]并列句，兩個(gè)句子中都有that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。[9]which引導(dǎo)的是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。XMPP（ExtensibleMessagingandPresenceProtocol），可擴(kuò)展的消息和展示協(xié)議，是一種基于XML的面向消息的中間件的通信協(xié)議。LotusSametime，以前是IBMLotusSametime，現(xiàn)為IBMSametime，是為企業(yè)提供實(shí)時(shí)統(tǒng)一通信和合作的客戶-服務(wù)器應(yīng)用和中間件的平臺(tái)。其功能有消息展示、企業(yè)即時(shí)消息、Web會(huì)議、團(tuán)體合作以及通話和集成等。MicrosoftOfficeCommunicator，現(xiàn)在是6SkypeforBusiness，是與MicrosoftLyncServer一起使用的即時(shí)消息客戶端軟件。workflowsystem，即WfMS（WorkflowManagementSystem），是用來建立、執(zhí)行和監(jiān)視科學(xué)工作流的基礎(chǔ)軟件結(jié)構(gòu)。EXERCISESTrue/False1.________IMisanextensionofE-mail.2.________Touseinstantmessaging,youshouldregisterwithanIMserver.3.________WhenyouconnecttotheInternet,aspecialprograminformsyouthatyouareonline.TTF64.________IntheprocessofusingIM,aninstantmessagingserverwillnotifyyouifanyofyourcontactsareonline.5.________UsingIM,youcansendmessagesdirectlybackandforthtooneanother.6.________Onlyafewofinstantmessagingcanuseremoteassistance.7.________Instantmessagingisaspecialvariationofchat.8.________InInstantmessagingyouareinformedwhensomeonesonyourbuddylist,areonline.9.________Alistcontainingthenamesoffriendsandassociatesisthebuddylist.TTFFTT610.________UsingIM,youcansendyourfriendsamessagethatwillappearontheirscreenforseveralminutes.11.________TwittercanbethoughtasaWeb2.0IMsystem.12.________WebconferencesintegratedvideocallingwithIMabilities.13.________IPTVisaninteractivenetworktelevision.14.________TodaymostIMservicesprovidetheirownbrowser-basedclientonly.15.________OriginalstandardofIMoffersfiletransfer,contactlistsandseveralsimultaneousconversations.16.________XMPPisanabbreviationforExtensibleMessagingandPresenceProtocol.FTTTFFT6

CHAPTER5NEWINTERNETAPPLICATIONS5.1.2QQ6KEYWORDS

blog 博客socialnetwork 社交網(wǎng)microblogging 微博voicechat 語(yǔ)音聊天portal 門戶videocall 視頻呼叫multimedia 多媒體counterpart 副本，復(fù)本，對(duì)應(yīng)物opensource 開源crossplatform 跨平臺(tái)reverseengineering 逆（反）向工程

61.OverviewoftheQQTencentQQ,generallyreferredtoasQQ,isthemostpopularfreeinstantmessagingcomputerprograminMainlandChina.AsofSeptember30,2010,theactiveQQuseraccountsforQQIMamountedto636.6million,possiblymakingittheworld’slargestonlinecommunity.[1]ThenumberofsimultaneousonlineQQaccountsexceeded100million.InFebruary2011,ranked10thoverallinAlexa’sinternetrankingsjustbehindTwitterranked9th.[2]TheprogramismaintainedbyTencentHoldingsLimited(HKEX:0700),ownedinpartbyNaspers.[3]分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)代表QQHongKongStockExchange6SinceitsentranceintoChinesehouseholdsQQquicklyemergedasamodernculturalphenomenon,nowbeingportrayedinpopularculture.[4]

Asidefromthechatprogram,QQhasalsodevelopedmanysub-featuresincludinggames,virtualpets,ringtonedownloads,music,shopping,blogs,microblogging,andgroupandvoicechatetc.ThecurrentversionofQQisQQ2010beta2.TencentperiodicallyreleasesspecialversionsofQQtocoincidewitheventssuchastheOlympicsorChineseNewYear.TheofficialclientrunsonMicrosoftWindowsandabetapublicversionwaslaunchedforMacOSXversion10.4.9ornewer.[5]

TheWebversions,WebQQ(fullversion)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句描繪蘋果電腦的操作系統(tǒng)6andWebQQMini(Liteversion),whichmakesuseofAjax,arecurrentlyavailable.[6]

AsofJanuary2015,thereare829millionactiveQQaccounts,withapeakof176.4millionsimultaneousonlineQQusers.2.QQInternational(1)

WindowsIn2009QQbegantoexpanditsservicesinternationallywithitsQQInternationalclientforWindowsdistributedthroughadedicatedEnglish-languageportal.

QQInternationaloffersnon-MandarinspeakerstheopportunitytouseallthefeaturesofitsChinese定語(yǔ)6counterparttogetintouchwithotherQQusersviachatandvideocalls,itprovidesanon-MandarininterfacetoaccessQzone,Tencent’ssocialnetwork[7].TheclientsupportsEnglish,French,Spanish,German,Korean,JapaneseandClassicalChinese.Awealthofthird-partyapplicationsisbundledwithQQInternationalanditismainlyaimedatmakingcross-culturalcommunicationsinandoutofChinamoreconvenient.OneofthemainfeaturesofQQInternationalistheoptionalandautomaticmachinetranslationofallchats.(2)

AndroidAnAndroidversionofQQInternationalwasreleasedin狀語(yǔ)6September2013.Theclient’sinterfaceisinEnglish,French,Spanish,German,Korean,JapaneseandClassicChinese.Inadditiontotextmessaging,userscansendeachotherimages,video,andaudiomediamessages.Moreover,userscansharemultimediacontentwithallcontactsthroughtheclient’sQzoneinterface.Thelivetranslationfeatureisavailableforallingmessagesandsupportsupto18languages.(3)

iOS/iPhoneQQInternationalforiPhoneandiOSdeviceswasreleasedattheendof2013,fullyequivalenttoitsAndroidcounterpart.63.WebQQTencentlauncheditsweb-basedQQformallyon15September2009,thelatestversionofwhichbeing3.0.Ratherthansolelyaweb-basedIM,WebQQ3.0functionsmorelikeitsownoperatingsystem,withadesktopinwhichwebapplicationscanbeadded.4.Opensourceandcross-platformclients

Usingreverseengineering,opensourcecommunitieshavecometounderstandtheQQprotocolbetterandhaveattemptedtoimplementclientcorelibrariescompatiblewithmoreuser-friendlyclients[8].Mostoftheseclientsarecross-platform,sotheyareusableonoperatingsystems逆向工程6whichtheofficialclientdoesnotsupport.However,theseimplementationshadonlyasubsetofthefunctionsoftheofficialclientandthereforeweremorelimitedinfeatures.NOTES[1]

making…現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)；it代表QQ，theworld’s…為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。[2]

Alexa，是一家專門發(fā)布網(wǎng)站世界排名的網(wǎng)站，同時(shí)提供網(wǎng)站的流量、網(wǎng)站訪問量等。Twitter（非官方稱為“推特”），是一個(gè)社交網(wǎng)在線服務(wù)網(wǎng)站，有關(guān)它的內(nèi)容請(qǐng)見5.1.4節(jié)。6幻燈片27[3]

TencentHoldingsLimited，是中國(guó)的一家國(guó)有公司，其子公司提供因特網(wǎng)和移動(dòng)電話的增值服務(wù)和在線廣告服務(wù)。HKEX為香港股市交易：HongKongStockExchange。Naspers是南非的一家跨國(guó)媒體公司，主營(yíng)電子媒體（包括付費(fèi)電視、因特網(wǎng)和即時(shí)消息用戶平臺(tái)，以及其他相關(guān)技術(shù)）和印刷媒體（包括出版、發(fā)行和雜志，報(bào)紙和書籍的印刷，也提供私人教育服務(wù)）。[4]

Since引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；portray，描繪。[5]

MacOSX是蘋果電腦的操作系統(tǒng)，詳情請(qǐng)參閱2.5節(jié)。[6]

Ajax是一組交叉式Web應(yīng)用的開發(fā)方法，用于在客戶端創(chuàng)建異步式Web應(yīng)用。6[7]長(zhǎng)句，前半句中，第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式touse…為定語(yǔ)，修飾opportunity。后一個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式togetin…做狀語(yǔ)。Qzone是騰訊計(jì)算機(jī)通信公司(港交所0700)2005年推出的一個(gè)網(wǎng)志系統(tǒng)，目前仍活躍在中國(guó)大陸。[8]

reverseengineering，逆向工程（又稱反向工程），是一種技術(shù)過程，即對(duì)一項(xiàng)目標(biāo)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行逆向分析及研究，從而演繹并得出該產(chǎn)品的處理流程、組織結(jié)構(gòu)、功能性能規(guī)格等設(shè)計(jì)要素，以制作出功能相近，但又不完全一樣的產(chǎn)品。

6EXERCISESMultipleChoices1.QQisthemostpopularfreeinstantmessagingin________.a.Japan b.P.R.Cc.Singapored.MainlandChina2.QQInstantMessaging________.a.hasuseraccountsthatexceed600millionb.istheworld’slargestonlinecommunityc.hasmorethan100millionofusersimultaneousonlined.hasenteredintoChinesehouseholds3.QQhasthefollowingsub-features:________.a.chat b.virtualpets c.games d.blogsbdabcdabcd64.SpecialversionsofQQareusedforcoincidingwith________.a.Christmas b.ThanksgivingDayc.ChineseNewYear d.Olympics5.BetapublicversionofQQwaslaunchedforMacOSXversion_________.newerb.older c.WebQQd.10.4.96.QQInternationalforWindowsoffers_________speakerstouseallthefeaturesofitsChinesecounterpart.a.English b.Korean c.non-Mandarin d.Mandarincdadabc67.QQInternationalforAndroid________.a.hasaserver’sinterfaceinClassicChineseb.canbeusedtosendtextmessagingonlyc.canbeusedtosharemultimediacontentwithallcontactsd.cansupportupto18languagesinthelivetranslation8.Theclientcorelibrariesare________.patiblewithuser-friendlyclientsb.opensourcecommunitiesc.cross-platformsd.usableonoperatingsystemswhichtheofficialclientdoesnotsupportcdacd69.TencentHoldingsLimited_________.a.isaChinesenationalcompanyb.hasabranchcompanywhichoffersInternetaddedservicesc.hasabranchcompanywhichoffersmobileaddedservicesd.hasabranchcompanywhichoffersonlineadvertisingservices10.UntilnowQQInternationalhas_________.aWindowsversionb.anAndroidversionc.AversionforiPhoneandiOSd.alltheaboveabcdabcd6CHAPTER5NEWINTERNETAPPLICATIONS5.1.3FACEBOOK6KEYWORDSprofile 配置文件，概貌，輪廓patent 專利hosting 托管upload 加載，上載，（向上）裝入compile 編譯consumption 消耗，耗散，消費(fèi)monolithic 單塊（片）的distributedmachines 分布式（計(jì)算）機(jī)

logfile 日志文件aggregate 集合，聚集，集合的，合計(jì)的61.FeaturesFacebookisasocialnetworkingserviceandwebsitelaunchedinFebruary2004,operatedandprivatelyownedbyFacebookInc.AsofJune2014,Facebookhasmorethan1.3billionactiveusers.Usersmaycreateapersonalprofilewithphoto,listsofpersonalinterests,contactinformation,andotherpersonalinformation,addotherusersasfriends,andexchangemessages,includingautomaticnotificationswhentheyupdatetheirprofile.[1]

Additionally,usersmayjoincommon-interestusergroups,organizedbyworkplace,schoolorcollege,orothercharacteristics.分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)6Facebookhasanumberoffeatureswithwhichusersmayinteract:(1)Wall,aspaceoneveryuser’sprofilepagethatallowsfriendstopostmessagesfortheusertosee.[2](2)Pokes,whichallowsuserstosendavirtual“poke”toeachother(anotificationthentellsauserthattheyhavebeenpoked).[3](3)Photos,whereuserscanuploadalbumsandphotos.(4)Status,whichallowsuserstoinformtheirfriendsoftheirwhereaboutsandactions.Dependingonprivacysettings,anyonewhocanseeauser’sprofilecanalsoviewthatuser’sWall.在Facebook中是指一塊可供大家在上面留言的墻用手指戳戳的意思，是用來“煩”別人的6OnFebruary23,2010,FacebookwasgrantedapatentoncertainaspectsofitsNewsFeed.ThepatentcoversNewsFeedsinwhichlinksareprovidedsothatoneusercanparticipateinthesameactivityofanotheruser.ThepatentmayencourageFacebooktopursueactionagainstwebsitesthatviolateitspatent,whichmaypotentiallyincludewebsitessuchasTwitter.[4]OneofthemostpopularapplicationsonFacebookisthePhotosapplication,whereuserscanuploadalbumsandphotos.Facebookallowsuserstouploadanunlimitednumberofphotos,comparedwithotherimagehostingservicessuchasPhotobucketandFlickr,whichapplylimitstothenumberofphotosthatauserisallowedtoupload.[5]定語(yǔ)從句非限定性定語(yǔ)從句過去分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句6Duringthefirstyears,Facebookuserswerelimitedto60photosperalbum.AsofMay2009,thislimithasbeenincreasedto200photosperalbum.2．Technicalaspects

FacebookisbuiltinPHPwhichiscompiledwithHipHopforPHP,a‘sourcecodetransformer’builtbyFacebookengineersthatturnsPHPintoC++[6].ThedeploymentofHipHopreportedlyreducedaverageCPUconsumptiononFacebookserversby50%.

FacebookusedacombinationplatformbasedonHBasetostoredataacrossdistributedmachines[7].Usingatailingarchitecture,neweventsarestoredinlogfiles,andthe6logsaretailed.Thesystemrollstheseeventsupandwritesthemintostorage.TheUserInterfacethenpullsthedataoutanddisplaysittousers.FacebookhandlesrequestsasAJAXbehavior[8].TheserequestsarewrittentoalogfileusingScribe(developedbyFacebook)[9].6幻燈片42NOTES[1]長(zhǎng)句，主句為Usersmaycreate…，add…，andexchange…，有三個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)；including…分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)。[2]

Wall在Facebook中是指一塊可供大家在上面留言的墻。[3]

poke，原意是“存入，插入”。此處是用手指戳戳的意思，是用來“煩”別人的。[4]句中有that和which，分別引導(dǎo)了定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。Twitter的解釋請(qǐng)見5.1.4節(jié)。6[5]長(zhǎng)句。comparedwith…過去分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)；which引導(dǎo)的是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句；that引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句。Photobucket是美國(guó)一個(gè)影像寄存、視頻寄存、幻燈片制作與照片分享的網(wǎng)站。Flickr，雅虎旗下圖片分享網(wǎng)站，提供免費(fèi)及付費(fèi)數(shù)碼照片存儲(chǔ)、分享方案之線上服務(wù)，也是網(wǎng)絡(luò)社群服務(wù)的平臺(tái)。[6]

PHP（HypertextPreprocessor，超文本預(yù)處理器）是一種通用開源腳本語(yǔ)言，詳見6.4節(jié)。HipHopforPHP是Facebook的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，它由一個(gè)PHP到C++的轉(zhuǎn)換程序、一個(gè)重新實(shí)現(xiàn)的PHP運(yùn)行庫(kù)，和許多常用PHP擴(kuò)展的重寫版本構(gòu)成，目的旨在加速和優(yōu)化PHP。6[7]

HBase–HadoopDatabase，是一個(gè)高可靠性、高性能、面向列、可伸縮的分布式存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng)，利用HBase技術(shù)可在廉價(jià)PCServer上搭建起大規(guī)模結(jié)構(gòu)化存儲(chǔ)集群。[8]

AJAX（AsynchronousJavaScriptAndXML，異步JavaScript和XML），是指一種創(chuàng)建交互式網(wǎng)頁(yè)應(yīng)用的網(wǎng)頁(yè)開發(fā)技術(shù)。6[9]

Scribe是Facebook開源的日志收集系統(tǒng)，在Facebook內(nèi)部已經(jīng)得到大量的應(yīng)用。它能夠從各種日志源上收集日志，存儲(chǔ)到一個(gè)中央存儲(chǔ)系統(tǒng)（可以是NFS，分布式文件系統(tǒng)等）上，以便于進(jìn)行集中統(tǒng)計(jì)分析處理。它為日志的“分布式收集，統(tǒng)一處理”提供了一個(gè)可擴(kuò)展的、高容錯(cuò)的方案。6EXERCISESTrue/False1._________Facebookisasocialnetworkingservice.2._________UsersofFacebookcancreateapersonalprofile.3._________WallinFacebookislikeafirewall.4._________PokeinFacebookisanotification.5._________WithPhotosof

Facebook,wecandownloadalbumsandphotos.6._________WithStatusofFacebook,userscanlocatetheirfriends.7._________CertainaspectsofFacebook’sNewsFeedarepatent.TTFTFTT68.__________Flickrallowsuserstouploadunlimitednumberofphotos.9.__________Facebookallowsuserstouploadlimitednumberofphotos.10.__________Before2005Facebookuserswerelimitedto60photosperalbum.11.__________HipHopforPHPisasourcecodetransformer.12.__________AreportshowsthattheuseofHipHopreducedaverageCPUconsumptiononFacebookserversby40%.13.__________Usingatailingarchitecture,neweventsarestoreinlogfiles.FFTTFT614.__________HBaseisahighreliable,highperformanceandresize-abledistributedstoragesystem.T6CHAPTER5NEWINTERNETAPPLICATIONS5.1.4TWITTER6KEYWORDS

register

注冊(cè)，寄存器post 郵政，郵寄，記入，位置SMS(ShortMessageService) 短消息服務(wù)tweet 推文retweet 轉(zhuǎn)推文profile 配置文件，簡(jiǎn)表，概貌，輪廓stack 棧，堆棧Java 一種程序設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言6

Twitterisanonlinesocialnetworkingservicethatenablesuserstosendandreadshort140-charactermessagescalled“tweets”[1].Registereduserscanreadandposttweets,butunregistereduserscanonlyreadthem.UsersaccessTwitterthroughthewebsiteinterface,SMS,ormobiledeviceapp.TwitterInc.isbasedinSanFranciscoandhasmorethan25officesaroundtheworld.TwitterwascreatedinMarch,2006.Theservicerapidlygainedworldwidepopularity,withmorethan100millionuserswhoin2012posted340milliontweetsperday.Theservicealsohandled1.6billionsearchqueriesperday.In2013Twitterwasoneofthetenmost-visitedwebsites,and推文,短小消息6hasbeendescribedas“theSMSoftheInternet.”AsofDecember2014,Twitterhasmorethan500millionusers,outofwhichmorethan284millionareactiveusers[2].1.FeaturesTweetsarepubliclyvisiblebydefault,butsenderscanrestrictmessagedeliverytojusttheirfollowers.UserscantweetviatheTwitterwebsite,compatibleexternalapplications(suchasforsmartphones),orbyShortMessageService(SMS)availableincertaincountries[3].

RetweetingiswhenatweetisforwardedviaTwitterbyusers.Bothtweetsandretweetscanbetrackedtoseewhichonesaremostpopular.Whiletheserviceisfree,accessingitthroughSMSmayincurphoneserviceproviderfees.原意是出自……，which是指5億用戶此處為動(dòng)詞短信服務(wù)6Twitterallowsuserstoupdatetheirprofileviatheirmobilephoneeitherbytextmessagingorbyappsreleasedforcertainsmartphonesandtablets.Asasocialnetwork,Twitterrevolvesaroundtheprincipleoffollowers.WhenyouchoosetofollowanotherTwitteruser,thatuser’stweetsappearinreversechronologicalorderonyourmainTwitterpage.Ifyoufollow20people,you’llseeamixoftweetsscrollingdownthepage:breakfast-cerealupdates,interestingnewlinks,musicmendations,evenmusingsonthefutureofeducation.2.ImplementationTwitterplacesgreatrelianceonopen-sourcesoftware.TheTwitterWebinterfaceusestheRubyonRailsframework,6deployedonaperformanceenhancedRubyEnterpriseEditionimplementationofRuby[4].

AsofApril6,2011,TwitterengineersconfirmedtheyhadswitchedawayfromtheirRubyonRailssearchstack,toaJavaservertheycallBlender[5].Theservice’sapplicationprogramminginterface(API)allowsotherwebservicesandapplicationstointegratewithTwitter[6].confirmed后面省略了that，這是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句6NOTES[1]

tweet，推文，tweet原意是小鳥啾啾地叫，此處為短小消息。[2]

outofwhich，原意是出自……，which是指5億用戶。[3]

tweet，此處為動(dòng)詞。SMS(ShortMessageService)，短信服務(wù)。[4]

RubyonRails，是一個(gè)可以使你開發(fā)、部署、維護(hù)Web應(yīng)用程序變得簡(jiǎn)單的框架。RubyEnterpriseEdition(REE)是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Ruby（一種為簡(jiǎn)單快捷的面向?qū)ο缶幊潭_發(fā)的腳本語(yǔ)言）解析器的改進(jìn)版本,號(hào)稱能夠讓Rails（是一個(gè)更符合實(shí)際需要而且更高效的Web開發(fā)框架）應(yīng)用節(jié)約1/3的內(nèi)存使用量，并且有更好的性能提高。6[5]

confirmed后面省略了that，這是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。Blender是一款開源的跨平臺(tái)全能三維動(dòng)畫制作軟件，提供從建模、動(dòng)畫、材質(zhì)、渲染、到音頻處理、視頻剪輯等一系列動(dòng)畫短片制作解決方案。[6]此處service是指Blender。6幻燈片53EXERCISESFillintheblankswithappropriatewordsorphrasesfoundbehindthisexercise.1.Twitterallowsuserstosendandreceiveshort______called“tweets”.2.UnregisteredTwitteruserscanonlyread______.3.Bywayof_____userscanaccessTwitter.4.SendersinTwittercan_______messagedeliverytojusttheirfollowers.5.Inordertoseewhichpersonsaremostpopular,wecan________tweetsandretweets.6.Twitterplacesgreatrelianceon________.cgeihd67.Twitterrevolvesaroundtheprincipleof_______.8.________allowsotherwebservicesandapplicationstointegratewithTwitter.9.Rubyisaobject-oriented________language.10.Twitterallowsuserstoupdatetheir_______viatheirmobilephone.jbaf6a.scriptingb.APIc.140-charactermessagesd.open-sourcesoftwaree.website,interface,SMS,fileg.tweeth.tracki.restrictj.followers6CHAPTER5NEWINTERNETAPPLICATIONS5.1.5MICROSOFTSERVICENETWORK(MSN)6KEYWORDS

debut 初次登臺(tái)coincide 同時(shí)發(fā)生，一致，相同，巧合dial-up （電話）撥號(hào)portal 門戶網(wǎng)站homepage 主頁(yè)swipe 猛擊logo 標(biāo)識(shí)eliminate 除去，刪除，排除headline 標(biāo)題，書眉personalized 個(gè)人化的customizability 可定制性reorder 重排序，再訂貨hidden 隱藏，隱式6MSN(originallyTheMicrosoftNetwork)isacollectionofInternetsitesandservicesprovidedbyMicrosoft.TheMicrosoftNetworkdebutedasanonlineserviceandInternetserviceprovideronAugust24,1995,tocoincidewiththereleaseoftheWindows95operatingsystem.[1]InadditiontoitsoriginalMSNDial-upservice,Microsofthasusedthe‘MSN’brandnameforawidevarietyofproductsandservicesovertheyears,notablyHotmail(whichisnow),Messenger(whichwasoncesynonymouswith‘MSN’inInternetslangandhasnowbeenreplacedbySkype),anditssearchengine(whichisnowBing),aswellasseveralotherrebrandedanddiscontinuedservices[2].首次露面動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)6ThecurrentwebsiteandsuiteofappsofferedbyMSNwasfirstintroducedbyMicrosoftin2014aspartofacompleteredesignandrelaunch.MSNisbasedintheUnitedStatesandoffersinternationalversionsofitsportalfordozensofcountriesaroundtheworld.In2012,MSNannouncedonitsblogthatitwouldbeunveilinganewversionofthehomepageonOctober26,exclusivelyforWindows8,sayingthatthenewversionwouldbe“clean,simple,andbuiltfortouch.”[3]Microsoftsaiditwouldbemoreapp-likeduetothespeedofInternetExplorer10.Morenewfeaturesincluded‘FlipAhead’,whichalloweduserstoswipefromonearticlenext[4].賓語(yǔ)從句現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句向前翻轉(zhuǎn)6MicrosoftlaunchedacompletelyrewrittenandredesignedMSNwebsite,makinguseofthecompany’smoderndesignlanguage,onSeptember30,2014.ThenewMSNportalfeaturesanewversionofthelogothatfollowsastylesimilartoothercurrentMicrosoftproducts.Thewebsitenolongeroffersoriginalcontent,insteademployingeditorstorepurposeexistingcontentfrompartnersatpopularandtrustedorganizations.MuchoftheexistingcontentonMSNwaseliminatedasthewebsitewassimplifiedintoanewhomepageandcategories,mostofwhichhavecorrespondingapps[5]:?News?Weather?Entertainment?Sports?Money?Lifestyle?Health&Fitness?Food&Drink引導(dǎo)的是原因狀語(yǔ)從句6?Travel?Autos ?VideoThetopofthehomepageprovidesaccesstoMicrosoftservicesBing,,Skype,OfficeOnline,OneNote,OneDrive,BingMaps,andXboxMusic,aswellaspopularsocialmediaservicesFacebookandTwitter[6].SigningintoMSNwithaMicrosoftaccountallowsforpersonalizedcontenttoappearandtobesynchronizedacrossdevicesonthewebsiteandinthecorrespondingapps.TheredesignofthewebsiteledtotheclosureofMSN’slongtimepersonalizedhomepa