高級英語-課件

Thekeypointsofparagraph26-28Whatisthemainideaofthispart？adjourn[?'d???n]

:closeorsuspendameeting,usuallytoberesumedatanothertime休庭TheinfluenceofthetrialonDayton:Streetsswarmingwithstrangers;Hawkerscryingtheirwares;Advertisements;Thedisplayofanape.Darwinisright-inside.1ppt課件Thekeypointsofparagraph26Whenthecourtadjourned…swarm:(n.)alargenumberofinsectsesp.bees,usuallyinmotion(v.)moveoremergeinaswarmWhenthecourtsessionfinished(nottheendofthetrial)thepeopleleftthecourtroomandfoundtheareaaroundthecourtfullofpeoplefromotherplaces(out-of–towners)2ppt課件ThefiguresofspeechPun:aplayonwordsbasedonsimilarityofsoundandsharpdifferenceinmeaning.DarwinisRight—Inside.Sevendayswithoutwatermakeoneweak.(week)3ppt課件Thekeypointsofparagraph26-28Theworkofpeopleinthemediacircle:Reporters;H.L.Mencken;22telegraphists;sulphurous：fiery，violentlyemotionaldispatch：amessagesenttotheanewspaperbyoneofitswritersinhispants：withoutshirt4ppt課件Thekeypointsofparagraph26-28Theworkofpeopleinthemediacircle:Reporters;H.L.Mencken;22telegraphists;Thetrialwasmovedfromthecourttothestreetforfearthatthecourt’sfloorwouldcollapse.5ppt課件Thebackground:duringthetrialDarrowquestionsBryanduringtheScopesTrial(July20,1925)(Smithsonian)6ppt課件Thekeypointsofparagraph29Morethan200spectatorssat…orsquattedonthegrass,perchedonthetopsof…orgawkedfromwindows.squat:crouchsoastositontheheelswiththekneesbentandtheweightrestingontheballsofthefeetperch:rest,standorsitonsomeelevatedplace,usuallyreferringtobirds.gawk:lookatsomethinginafoolishwaythespecificverbsheretodescribeaconcretesituation.7ppt課件Thekeypointsofparagraph29-42Theclimaxofthetrail:Darrowvs.BryanThesunwascreatedthe4thday,whytherewasmorning&eveningonthe1stday?ThepunishmentoftheserpentbyGodHowdidthesnakegobeforethepunishment?TheacceptanceofDarrow’sideabythespectators:shakinghandswithhim8ppt課件Thekeypointsofparagraph43Thethirddayofthetrial:theverdictGuilty;100$finepluscosts;Avictoriousdefeat;ThedeathofBryanChangesinDayton9ppt課件Theendofthetext:thelast2paras.1.Thenarrator:GoingtoChicagotopursuethestudyofscienceBecomingageologistforanoilcompany2.thechangesofDayton:AWilliamJenningsBryanUniversityEvolutionistaughtthere.10ppt課件Theendofthetext:thelast2paras.Theoratoricalstorm…thepassingyears:達(dá)羅和馬隆在帶頓小小法庭上掀起的那場辯論，猶如一股春風(fēng)，吹遍了美國的學(xué)校和立法機(jī)構(gòu)。隨之而來的是日益濃厚的思想學(xué)術(shù)自由的新氣象。11ppt課件Theendofthetext:thelast2paras.ThebattleDarrowandMalonefoughtinthelittlecourtinDaytondrewattentionalloverthecountry.ItbroughtchangesintheU.S.andpavedthewayforthespreadingoftheconceptthatpeopleshouldbeallowedtoexpressideasfreely.Today,freeexpressionofideasisacceptedbymostpeople.12ppt課件ThefiguresofspeechOxymoron:

akindofparadoxorantithesisthatlinkstogethertwosharplycontrastingterms,as“cheerfulpessimist”,“thewisestfoolinChristendom”,“l(fā)ivingdeaths”,“freezingfires”,“gloriousdefeat”,etc.13ppt課件ThefiguresofspeechAvictoriousdefeatAlivingdeathCruelkindnessPartingissuchsweetsorrow.Writingisbusyidleness.“睜眼瞎”真實(shí)的謊言back14ppt課件ThefiguresofspeechIrony反語:

theexpressionofactualintentinwordsthatcarrytheoppositemeaning.Itisaneffectiveliterarydevicebecauseitgivestheimpressionofgreatrestraint.例如：明明天氣不好，卻故意說：It’sanice,pleasantsortofweatherindeed!漢語中的“打是疼，罵是愛”15ppt課件Thefiguresofspeech1.英語中的反語分為三種類型：1.1VerbalIrony指說話人利用詞匯、語法手段表示明顯的反意，例如：1)Itmustbedelightfultofindoneselfinaforeigncountrywithoutapennyinone’spocket.2)Barbara,myex-bestfriend,cametomyhousetolookaftermychildren.Shehelpedthingsoutandtookmythingsout.Shedid

help!16ppt課件1.2CircumstantialIrony(IronyofFate)

指由于事態(tài)的發(fā)展同某人原來的意料和期待相反而造成的一種嘲弄。例如在KateChopin的短篇小說ThestoryofanHour中，Mallard太太得知丈夫因車禍去世的消息時表面上一陣號哭，心里卻暗自高興，她早就盼望的一天來到了，不禁低聲對自己說：“Free!Bodyandsoulfree!”但當(dāng)她暗自得意時，丈夫突然出現(xiàn)在門口！原來他大難不死，安然回家，而Mallard太太卻由于這突如其來的刺激而心臟病發(fā)作，不治身亡，這是否算命運(yùn)多舛？Thefiguresofspeech17ppt課件1.3DramaticIrony

它同上面第二種密切相關(guān)，區(qū)別在于它往往指作者對IronyofFate敘述中帶總結(jié)性的畫龍點(diǎn)睛之筆，突出戲劇性的轉(zhuǎn)變，如KateChopin在上面那個故事結(jié)尾時寫道：Whenthedoctorcame,theysaidshehaddiedofheartdisease—ofjoythatkills.

句中的joy語義：醫(yī)生們以為她是由于看到丈夫生還后欣喜至極，以致引發(fā)心臟??；故事的讀者則不難看到事情正好相反—她是樂極生悲，是由于慶幸丈夫去世過分激動了，結(jié)果又事與愿違，受到刺激猝死。Thefiguresofspeechback18ppt課件Paradox：astatementthatappearstobelogicallycontradictoryandyetmaybetrue,thepurposeofwhichistoprovokefreshthought.Thefiguresofspeech19ppt課件漢語里稱這一辭格為“反論”，“逆論”，自相矛盾，即乍聽似乎荒唐而實(shí)際上卻有道理的某種說法，故有人稱之為“翻筋斗的真理”。例如：Morehaste,lessspeed.Paradoxically(enough),thefasterhetriedtofinish,thelongeritseemedtotakehim.Thefiguresofspeech20ppt課件Infact,itappearsthattheteachersofEnglishteachEnglishsopoorlylargelybecausetheyteachgrammarsowell.這里需要說明，對我們中國學(xué)生來說，英語語法還是需要學(xué)的，只是不應(yīng)把語法條條扣得太細(xì)太死,或機(jī)械地“以語法為綱，因?yàn)槟堑拇_不利于英語學(xué)習(xí)。Thefiguresofspeechback21ppt課件Sarcasm：acuttingremark,averbalsneer.Sarcasmpretendstodisguiseitsmeaning,butdoesnotintendtobemisunderstood.

sarcasm是指尖刻的挖苦，甚至是嚴(yán)厲的叱責(zé)，漢語中稱作“諷刺”、譏諷、挖苦等，常常是單刀直入，不留情面地以反話指責(zé)別人，使人家在感情上受到刺激甚至傷害。例如：Thefiguresofspeech22ppt課件Whenchildrencallaboy“FourEyes”becausehewearsglasses,theyarespeakinginsarcasm.“howunselfishyouare!”saidElleninsarcasmashersistertookthebiggestpieceofcake.Thefiguresofspeechback23ppt課件Satire:Itgenerallyreferstoapieceofliterarywork—prose,poetryordrama—andgenerallynottoasinglesentence.Itusesridiculetoexposeandtojudgebehaviororideasthatthesatiristfindsfoolish,orwicked,orboth;“AModestProposal”isapieceofsatire.Thefiguresofspeech24ppt課件sarcasm和irony,satire同義，區(qū)別在于：sarcasm的特點(diǎn)是尖刻，往往蓄意中傷或譏諷，irony的特點(diǎn)是幽默或俏皮，故意使用同本意相反的說法，必須靠其語調(diào)或筆調(diào)表示真意；satire可用來泛指irony,sarcasm等，其特點(diǎn)是用來諷刺社會現(xiàn)象或一些人，不像sarcasm那樣指個人。Thefiguresofspeech25ppt課件例如：InthenovelVanityFair,W.M.Thackeraycommentsofa“goodwoman”that“thosewhoknowareallygoodwomanareawarethatsheisnotinahurrytoforgive,andthatthehumiliationofanenemyisatriumphtohersoul”Thefiguresofspeech26ppt課件SomeofAesop’s“Fables”aresatires,eg:AKidbeingmountedontheroofofaloftyhouse,andseeingaWolfpassbelow,begantorevile辱罵

him.TheWolfmerelystoppedtoreply:“Oh,mybravefriend,itisnotyouwhorevileme,buttheplaceonwhichyouarestanding.”Thefiguresofspeech27ppt課件Intheeveningthepoorwoundedboywastakentothatexperienceddoctor,whobyapplyingsomepoisonousconcoction調(diào)合物

ofcrushedleavestohislefteye,succeededinblindinghim!-sarcasmThefiguresofspeechback28ppt課件Paraphrase1.“Don’tworry,son,we’llshowthemafewtricks.”(Para.2)“Don’tworry,youngman,we’lldoafewthingstooutwittheprosecution.”2.Thecasehaderuptedroundmyhead…(para.3)Iwassuddenlyengulfedbythewholeaffair.3.Noone,leastofallI,anticipatedthatmycasewouldsnowballintooneofthemostfamoustrialsinUShistory.(Para.9)IwasthelastonetoexpectedthatmycasewoulddevelopintooneofthemostfamoustrialsinAmericanhistory.29ppt課件Paraphrase4.“That’sonehellofajury!”(Para.12)“Thisisacompletelyinappropriatejury,tooignorantandpartial.”5.“Todayitistheteachers,”hecontinued,“andtomorrowthemagazines,thebooks,thenewspapers.”(Para.14)Todaytheteachersareputontrialbecausetheyteachscientifictheory;soonthenewspapersandmagazineswillnotbeallowedtoexpressnewideas,tospreadknowledgeofscience.30ppt課件6.“Thereissomedoubtaboutthat,”Darrowsnorted.(Para.19)“Itisdoubtfulwhethermanhasreasoningpower,”saidDarrowsarcastically.7…accusedBryanofcallingforadueltothedeathbetweenscienceandreligion.(Para.23)…accusedBryanofdemandingthatalifeordeathstrugglebefoughtbetweenscienceandreligion.8.Spectatorspaidtogazeatitandponderwhethertheymightberelated.(Para.26).Peoplepaidinordertohavealookattheapeandtoconsidercarefullywhetherapesandhumanscouldhaveacommonancestry.31ppt課件9.NowDarrowspranghistrumpcardbycallingBryanasawitnessforthedefense.(Para.30)DarrowsurprisedeveryonebyaskingforBryanasawitnessforScopeswhichwasabrilliantidea.10.Myheartwentout