名詞性從句課件

名詞性從句2021/5/91RelatedConception(相關(guān)概念)1.名詞:表示人或事物的名稱的詞叫名詞。2.名詞在句子當(dāng)中一般可以作什么成分?名詞在句中主要作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。TheboyisliMing.主語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)Mr.Liang,a24-year-oldboy,teachesusEnglish.主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)2021/5/92在英語(yǔ)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來(lái)該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)，由一個(gè)句子來(lái)充當(dāng),這個(gè)句子就叫名詞性從句。什么是名詞性從句?名詞性從句主語(yǔ)從句(TheSubjectClause)賓語(yǔ)從句(TheObjectClause)

表語(yǔ)從句(ThePredicativeClause)同位語(yǔ)從句(TheAppositiveClause)2021/5/93

名詞性從句

主語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句在句中做------賓語(yǔ)從句在句中做------表語(yǔ)從句在句中做------同位語(yǔ)從句在句中-----

主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)1.Thathewillcomeiscertain.2.Iknowthathewillcome.3.ThetruthisthatIhavebeenthere.4.Thefactthatshewaslatesurprisedus.主語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句2021/5/94為什么叫名詞性從句？_______________________整個(gè)從句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞比較:Themanlookedaround.Thattheboyfailedagainintheexamdisappointedhismother.同樣作主語(yǔ)，從句可以表示較復(fù)雜的含義,一般是個(gè)動(dòng)作或性質(zhì)Iknowhim.Iknowthatheiswritinghiscompositioninhisroom2.為什么要有名詞性從句？那人看了看四周.(名詞作主語(yǔ))那孩子考試又不及格令他母親很失望.(從句作主語(yǔ))我知道他在房間里寫(xiě)作文.從句的特征:是一個(gè)句子,有一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞,引導(dǎo)詞做從句的一個(gè)成分(that除外)名詞能做的成分,從句都能做

從句表達(dá)的意思比名詞復(fù)雜得多2021/5/95請(qǐng)判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句WhatIwanttodoistakingabath.Thenewsthattheywonthegamespreadthewholeschool.Idon’tthinkheisanhonestboy.Thefactisthathestolethecar.Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar?Doyouknowthemanwhoisstandingoverthere?Itissaidthattheywonthegame.(主從)(同位語(yǔ)從句)(賓從)(表從)(同位語(yǔ)從句)(定從)(主從)2021/5/96

主語(yǔ)從句thatwhetherwhowhomwhosewhatwhichwhenwherewhyhow從句引導(dǎo)詞:1.ThatheknowsJapaneseisknowntoall.

他懂英語(yǔ),這一點(diǎn)大家都知道令我驚訝的是在這兒見(jiàn)到他.3.When

hewillcomeisunknown.4.Whether

heiscomingdoesn’tmattermuch.他來(lái)不來(lái)沒(méi)什么要緊的他什么時(shí)候來(lái)不清楚.他們是怎么登上山頂?shù)娜允莻€(gè)秘密.5.

Itremainsasecrethowtheyclimbedupthemountain.主語(yǔ)從句的位置1.在句首

2.主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)通常放在后面,句首主語(yǔ)用

It

主語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)了!放到句尾DetailsDetailsDetailsDetailsThat無(wú)詞義,不可省略What“什么”,“所….的”2.

What

surprisedmewastoseehimhere.When“什么時(shí)候”主語(yǔ)從句不用if位于句首2021/5/97主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中做句子的主語(yǔ)。1.That

mostofthesearenowthreatenedandmaydisappearisaseriousmattertothepeopleinBritain.2.Why

hefailedtheexamwasn’tclear.4.It

isapitythatshecannotcome.3.Whether

hehasfailedtheexamwasn’tclear.2021/5/982）主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞1.連詞that(無(wú)詞義,不作成分,不能省略,只起連接作用);whether(是否),不作成分,不用if.Thathewillcomeandhelpusiscertain.Whetherwewillsucceedisstillaquestion.注意:已確定的事由that引導(dǎo);

沒(méi)決定的事由whether引導(dǎo).2021/5/99他星期三來(lái)這里是肯定的。

ThathewillcomehereonWednesdayiscertain.注意：從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，就算是句子意思完整，都要加上從屬連詞that他星期三是否來(lái)這里還不肯定的。WhetherhewillcomehereonWednesdayisnotcertain.注意：that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句放在句首很少，只是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或謂語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)才這樣2021/5/9103.連接副詞when(ever),where(ever),how(ever),why,howlong,howoften,howsoon,howfar,howmany/much等.Whenthetestwillbegivenisnotyetdecided.Howmuchwecanspendmustbeagreedon.2.連接代詞what,whatever,who,whoever,which,whichever,whose等.在從句做主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)Whatyousaidisperfectlytrue.(賓語(yǔ))Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.誰(shuí)來(lái)都?xì)g迎2021/5/911連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問(wèn)含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。在主語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)這些連接詞不能省略；注意2021/5/912Whatcausedtheaccident

isacompletemystery.(主)Whatevershesaidwasright.(賓語(yǔ))Whowillwinthematch

isstillunknown.

誰(shuí)能贏得這場(chǎng)比賽還不得而知。

Whoevercomestotheparty

willreceiveapresent.（主語(yǔ)）2021/5/913Whenhe’llbebackdependsmuchontheweather.WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheld

hasnotyetbeenannounced.

(狀語(yǔ))

英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)將在哪里舉行，還沒(méi)有宣布。Whyhefailedtheexamwasn’tclear.(狀語(yǔ))Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.(狀語(yǔ))

2021/5/9143）注意事項(xiàng)：為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，避免頭重腳輕，主語(yǔ)從句常用“it”作形式主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)放在后面。主語(yǔ)從句后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：

Itisknowntousthathewillcomehere.2021/5/915（1）It+be+形容詞+主語(yǔ)從句（2）It+be+名詞+主語(yǔ)從句（3）It+不及物動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)從句

（4）It+及物動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)+主語(yǔ)從句常用句型如下：2021/5/916It+be+形容詞＋主語(yǔ)從句Itisnecessary/importantthat….…..是有必要/重要的Itisobvious/clearthat……很明顯……Itiscertain/truethat……是肯定的Itistruethat……是事實(shí)Itisstrangethat……很奇怪Itisnaturalthat……是很自然的2021/5/917It+be+名詞＋主語(yǔ)從句Itisapity/ashame…真遺憾…Itisasurprise….令人驚奇的是…Itisafact…事實(shí)是…Itisanhonor…是我的榮幸Itisawonder………是奇跡2021/5/918It+不及物動(dòng)詞＋that從句Itappears/seemsthat…似乎…/看起來(lái)…Ithappensthat….碰巧…Itoccurredtomethat……我突然想起……Itdoesn’tmatterwhether2021/5/919It+be+-ed分詞＋主語(yǔ)從句Itisbelieved/thoughtthat…人們相信…Itiswellknowntous/allthat….眾所周知…Ithasbeendecidedthat……已經(jīng)決定……Itissaid/reportedthat據(jù)聽(tīng)說(shuō)/據(jù)報(bào)道Eg:Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.

我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。It+及物動(dòng)詞（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）+主語(yǔ)從句2021/5/920Itisapitythatwecan’tgo.Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.Itdependsontheclimatewhethertheyaregoingshoppingtoday.2021/5/9212.在主語(yǔ)從句中用來(lái)表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣“(should)+do”，

常用的句型有：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that…Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that…2021/5/922主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

Itissuggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted+that(should)doItisimportant,necessary,natural,desirable,strange,advisable,impossible+that

(should)do

Itisapity,ashame,nowonder(難怪)+that(should)do2021/5/923

what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)在句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)，而that則不然。例如：

1)______yousaidyesterdayisright.2)______sheisstillaliveisagoodthing.Itisrightwhatyousaidyesterday.Itisagoodthingthatsheisstillalive.WhatThat3.what與that在引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別2021/5/924用it

句型翻譯:據(jù)說(shuō)今年高一學(xué)生要學(xué)新教材.事實(shí)是他們靠自己完成了所有的任務(wù).碰巧他們已經(jīng)參加過(guò)軍訓(xùn)了.眾所周知,比爾·蓋茨是世界上最富有的人.我們應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣這很重要.ItissaidthattheSeniorGradeonestudentswilllearnanewtextthisyear.Itisafactthattheyfinishedalltheworkbythemselves.Ithappenedthattheyhadhadtheirmilitarytraining.Itiswell-knownthatBillGatesistherichestpersonintheworld.→→→→→Itisimportantthatwe(should)formagoodhabitofstudying.√2021/5/925II.表語(yǔ)從句在句中作表語(yǔ)的從句叫表語(yǔ)從句。1.That

iswhyhedidn’tpasstheexam.2.Thequestioniswherehehasgone.3.Theproblemisthathehasgone.4.Itlooks/seemsasif/thoughitweregoingtorain.2021/5/926表語(yǔ)從句從句同主語(yǔ)從句(11個(gè)),外加asif/引導(dǎo)詞:asthough,1.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeentothecountryside.2.ThequestioniswhetherwcanfinishtheexperimentbyFriday.3.Itlooksasifitweregoingtorain.實(shí)際情況是他從未去過(guò)農(nóng)村.that一般不省略問(wèn)題在于我們能否在明天下午之前完成這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn).表語(yǔ)從句不用if好象看上去要下雨似的.(其實(shí)不會(huì))asif/asthough從句常表示不真實(shí)的情況Shetalksasif/asthoughshehadbeentherebefore.她說(shuō)話的口氣好象以前去過(guò)那兒似的.

又比如:4.Thisschoolisnolongerwhat

itwasbefore.這所學(xué)校已不再是從前的那個(gè)樣子了.what=thethingthat

More系動(dòng)詞后面2021/5/927注意下列表語(yǔ)從句中where,how,why的譯法Thisiswhere

LuXunoncelived.Thatwashow

theywonthematch.Thisiswhyshegotupsoearlythismorning.這就是魯迅曾經(jīng)住過(guò)的地方.他們就是這樣贏得這場(chǎng)比賽的.

這就是她為什么今天早上起得這么早的原因.我們就是這樣克服困難的.那就是他昨天缺席的原因.這就是我們上星期碰頭的地方.Thisis/Thatwashowweovercamethedifficulties.Thatiswhyhewasabsentyesterday.ThisiswherewemetlastSunday.Thisis總是現(xiàn)在時(shí)Thatis表示性質(zhì)Thatwas指過(guò)去動(dòng)作固定句型:Thisiswhere…Thisiswhy…Thisishow….這就是…的地方這就是…的原因這就是…的方法2021/5/928試區(qū)分以下句子Isthismuseumwhatyouvisited?Isthisthemuseumthatyouvisited?Isthismuseumtheonethatyouvisited?注意：這種句子考試時(shí)一定要記住這句話：名詞前（尤其是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前）一定要有限定詞。然后把句子變換成陳述句，接著判斷句子是屬于哪種從句再完成。(表從)(定從)(定從)2021/5/929II表語(yǔ)從句在句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的從句(即放在be動(dòng)詞后面)叫做表語(yǔ)從句。我們的目的是他能認(rèn)識(shí)到錯(cuò)誤。Ourpurposeisthathecanrealizehisfaults.注意：引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞一般不省略。問(wèn)題是它是否值得做。Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.注意：表語(yǔ)從句表示“是否”只用“whether”而不用“if”2021/5/9302.1引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語(yǔ)從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后，有時(shí)用asif引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+that從句，引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的詞有that，whether，who，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever，when，where，why，how，because等。2021/5/931(1)that,whether引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句that在引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)無(wú)詞義，不做成分，而whether有詞義，意為、“是否”,不做成分。這時(shí)主句的主語(yǔ)常常是些抽象名詞,如

question,trouble,problem,result,chance,suggestion，idea，reason等。eg:Thereasonisthatyoudon’ttrusther.Thequestioniswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus.

問(wèn)題是他們是否能幫我們。2021/5/932(2)連接代詞引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句連接代詞what,who,whom,which,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,

whichever在句中作主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)，不能省略。eg:Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.

問(wèn)題是我們能找到誰(shuí)去替換她呢。

That'swhatheisworryingabout.

那就是他在擔(dān)心的事。2021/5/933(3)連接副詞引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句連接副詞where,when,how,why在表語(yǔ)從句中做狀語(yǔ)Thequestionishowhedidit.

問(wèn)題是他是如何做此事的。2021/5/934(4)連詞because,asif,asthoughHewaslatethismorning.Thatwasbecausehewascaughtinatrafficjam.Allthiswasovertwentyyearsago,butit’sasifitwasonlyyesterday.

這都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一樣。Helookedjustashehadlookedtenyearsbefore.

他看起來(lái)還與十年前一樣。注：從屬連詞if一般不用來(lái)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，但asif卻可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，能跟表語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般為系動(dòng)詞be,seem,look等。Itlookedasifitwasgoingtorain.看起來(lái)天要下雨了。

2021/5/935難點(diǎn)1.連詞because可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。如：

eg:Ithinkitisbecauseyouaredoingtoomuch.

我想這是因?yàn)槟阕龅锰唷?.引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的that不省略，that僅起連接作用，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，無(wú)任何意義。

eg:Theimpressionhemakesonmeisthatheisareliableperson.他給我的印象是他是一個(gè)可靠的人3.whether可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，表“是否”，它在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，if不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。eg:WhetherJohnwilldothisexperimentremainsaquestion.2021/5/9364.thereason后面的表語(yǔ)從句只能用that引導(dǎo)，易犯“thereasonisbecause…”的錯(cuò)誤

eg:Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathiscarbrokedownontheway.

5.在表示命令order,advice,suggestion,desire,proposal,demand,request,requirement等的名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣：should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略eg:Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)holdanothermeetingtodiscusstheproblem.2021/5/937最具代表性的表語(yǔ)從句1.ThatiswhypracticeisthemostimportantinlearningEnglish.2.Thevillageisnolongerwhatitusedtobetenyearsago.3.Thatwasbecausehewascaughtinatrafficjam.4.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathiscarbrokedownontheway.2021/5/938Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)（簡(jiǎn)單句）主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句連詞從句主語(yǔ)

從句謂語(yǔ)

主句復(fù)合句2021/5/939III.賓語(yǔ)從句在句中充當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞或介詞或某些形容詞的賓語(yǔ)的句子叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(及物動(dòng)詞)或介詞或形容詞之后。1.Ithinkthatitwillbeofnouse.2.Iwonderifyoucandomeafavour.3.Itdependsonwhetherthebosswillagreetoyouornot.4.I’msurethatyouwillwinthegame.2021/5/9401.作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)

(1)動(dòng)詞后直接+賓語(yǔ)從句由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句(that通?？梢允÷?,例如：

Iheardthathejoinedthearmy.

由what,whether(if)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，例如：

Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.(2)動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)從句。例如：

Shetoldme

thatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.2021/5/9413.作形容詞的賓語(yǔ)

Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.Iamsure(that)hewillwinthegame.2.作介詞的賓語(yǔ)

Idon'tcarefor

whomarrieshim.Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.2021/5/942賓語(yǔ)從句三要素：連接詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)序2021/5/9433.1引導(dǎo)詞由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

連接代詞

Who,whom,whose,whichwhat連接副詞

where,how,why,when引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句由從屬連詞

whether,if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句2021/5/944由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句注：that在句中無(wú)詞匯意義，在從句中不能充當(dāng)成分，在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中往往省略e.g.Ihear(that)_______________________.（一小時(shí)后他會(huì)回來(lái)）Hesaid(that)______________________.（他非常想念我們）Theteachertoldus(that)___________________________.

（地球圍著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)）hewillbebackinanhour

hemissedusverymuch

theearthmovesaroundthesun2021/5/945由從屬連詞whether,if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句e.g.1.Iwanttoknow__________________________________.

（他是否跟我們一起去公園）2.Askhim_____________________.（他是否能來(lái)）3.Idon’tknow___________________________.（是否要下雨）

if(whether)hewillgototheparkwithus

whether(if)hecancome

whetheritisgoingtorainornotwhether,if在從句中不能充當(dāng)成分，當(dāng)句末為ornot時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞只能用whether而不能用if.2021/5/946由連接代詞what,whom,whose,which,what連接副詞when,where,how,why引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句1.Heasked__________________________.(誰(shuí)能回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題）2.Doyouknow_________________________.（他們?cè)诘日l(shuí)）3.Heasked__________________________________.

（誰(shuí)的書(shū)法是班上最好的）※5.6.Pleasetellme_______________________.（我們什么時(shí)候開(kāi)會(huì)）7.Canyoutellme_______________.（他在哪兒）8.Couldyoutellme______________________.（我該怎么去車(chē)站）9.Wouldyoutellme_________________（為什么火車(chē)遲到了）

whocouldanswerthequestionwhomtheyarewaitingforwhosehandwritingwasthebestintheclasswhenwe’llhaveameetingwhereheishowIcangettothestationwhythetrainislate2021/5/9473.2語(yǔ)序賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序用陳述語(yǔ)序：

連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他成分2021/5/948主句時(shí)態(tài)從句時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、祈使句時(shí)根據(jù)句意的需要用任意一種時(shí)態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí)

與原句相對(duì)應(yīng)的過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)

客觀事實(shí)、真理、自然現(xiàn)象、名言警句、諺語(yǔ)等一律用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)3.3時(shí)態(tài)2021/5/949Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.主句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)，從句可用任何時(shí)態(tài)，根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。2021/5/9502.如果主句是過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)（一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)），從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用相對(duì)應(yīng)的過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)（一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)）Iknewwholivedhere.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.Hesaidthathehadseenit.2021/5/951Theteachertoldmeshe

was

bornin1960.Iheardthathe

went

toParislastnight.3.從句說(shuō)明的是一般真理、客觀事實(shí)、自然現(xiàn)象時(shí)，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Dadtoldusthatit

is

bettertodothantosay.Hetoldtheboythatthreeandthree

is

six.Hetoldmetheearth

moves

aroundthesun.4.從句中有具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，即使從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作前，仍用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。2021/5/952Theradiosaysit_______cloudytomorrow.(be)Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)Ihearthey__________(return)italready.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_______intheeast.(rise)

willbe

goes

havereturned

hadbeen

rises2021/5/9533.4賓語(yǔ)從句注意事項(xiàng)1)當(dāng)從句的原句為以下句子以及what,who作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，語(yǔ)序不變：What’swrong?What’sthematter?eg:Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?2021/5/9542)在賓語(yǔ)從句中，只能用whether，不能用if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句(1)在具有選擇意義，又有or或ornot時(shí)，尤其是直接與ornot連用時(shí)，往往用whetherLetmeknowwhetherhewillcomeornot．(2)在介詞的后面

I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgotoseethefilm.(3)在帶to的不定式前

Wedecidedwhethertowalkthere.(4)賓語(yǔ)從句提前時(shí)，不能換用if。

Whetherthisistrueornot，Ican'tsay．這是否真的我說(shuō)不上來(lái)。2021/5/9553）否定的轉(zhuǎn)移

若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語(yǔ)上，從句謂語(yǔ)用肯定式。Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.Idon’tthinkyouareright.

我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。我認(rèn)為你是錯(cuò)的。Idon’tbelieveyouwillfinishtheworktoday.

我認(rèn)為你今天無(wú)法完成工作。2021/5/9564）賓語(yǔ)從句中用it作形式賓語(yǔ)Wethinkitourduty

thatweshouldhelpothers.Ifinditimpossiblethatheshouldfinishtheworkintwodays.注意：如果主句中有形容詞或名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用it來(lái)作形式賓語(yǔ)，而真正的賓語(yǔ)that從句則放在賓補(bǔ)后面。2021/5/9575)賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣在動(dòng)詞insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,demand,require,request,desire,decide,determine,recommend,deserve(值得提及)等詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句，從句需用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。一個(gè)堅(jiān)持：insist一個(gè)想要desire

一個(gè)寧愿prefer兩個(gè)命令：order,command三個(gè)建議：advise,suggest,propose四個(gè)要求：demand,require,request,ask2021/5/958賓語(yǔ)從句中的連接詞that在以下三種情況下不能省略：（1）當(dāng)that從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，第二個(gè)that不能??；（2）當(dāng)that作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.

賓語(yǔ)從句2021/5/959whether與if的辨用表“是否”時(shí)，在下列情況下用whether。a.主語(yǔ)從句

b.表語(yǔ)從句

c.同位語(yǔ)從句

e.介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句

f.后接動(dòng)詞不定式

(whethertodosth.)

g.whetherornot連在一起引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不用if2021/5/9601).whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句a..當(dāng)whether后緊跟ornot時(shí),不用if.eg:Idon’tknowwhetherornotIwillstay.b.介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句不能用if.

eg:IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.2.注意whether和if的使用區(qū)別2021/5/961

賓語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)常做介詞的賓語(yǔ)TheSwedestoodstill,except_____hislipsmovedslightly.Sheisnotsatisfiedwith____shehasachieved.Maryalwaysthinksof____shecandomorefortheclass.Hewrotealetterofthanksto______helpedhim.(任何一個(gè))5.Itdependsonifwehaveenoughtime.whetherwehaveenoughtime.介詞后面不用ifthat

what

how

whoever6.Areyousorryforwhichyouhavedone?

whatyouhavedone?介詞后面不用whichthat從句只跟在

except,but,in,besides,save五個(gè)介詞后面2021/5/962

賓語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)常作表語(yǔ)形容詞的賓語(yǔ)I’mafraid(that)I’llbelate.Weweresurprisedthathelostthegame.此類(lèi)表語(yǔ)形容詞有:afraidpleasedhappysatisfiedanxioussuresurprisedcertaingladaware用它們?cè)炀?021/5/963Wethink

that

middleschoolstudentsmasteroneforeignlanguage

possible

.(改用形式賓語(yǔ)

it)2.Wehavemade

that

aforeignlanguageisusefulweaponinthestruggleoflifeclear.(改用形式賓語(yǔ)

it)我認(rèn)為學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是必要的.IconsiderthatweshouldlearnEnglishwellnecessary.Weconsiderhersuitableforthejob.賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)considerfindthinkfeelmake等動(dòng)詞常帶賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),這時(shí)要用形式賓語(yǔ)it,賓語(yǔ)從句放到賓補(bǔ)之后Wethinkit

possible

that

middleschoolstudentsmasteroneforeignlanguage.Wehavemade

it

clear

that

aforeignlanguageisusefulweaponinthestruggleoflife.MoreIconsideritnecessary

thatweshouldlearnEnglishwellit不能漏從句后移2021/5/964correctionTheemperorwaspleasedbywhichtheministertoldhimaboutit.Areyousorryforthatyouhaveannoyedhim?Ifindthatthisshouldbekeptsecretforthetimebeingnecessary.Canyoudoubtifshewillsucceed?Iworriedaboutifmybrotherwillreturnintime.Shesaidthatshehasnevertoldalie.WillyoutellmewhenheleavesforParis?OurfootballteamwonthematchlastSundayexcitedallofus.whatitnecessarythatthisshouldbekeptsecretforthetimebeingthatshewillsucceed?whethermybrotherwillreturnintime.had

willleaveforParis?which不做介詞賓語(yǔ)that不做介詞賓語(yǔ)從句缺少引導(dǎo)詞2021/5/965IV同位語(yǔ)從句在主從復(fù)合句中作同位語(yǔ)的從句稱為同位語(yǔ)從句。功能：同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說(shuō)明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容

。1)Theking’sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.2)Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.2021/5/9661.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight._____________________________________________________

Thefact

that

twothirdsofallgirlsareonadiet

worriestheirparentsandteachersalot._____________________________________________________________Weheardthenewslastnightthat

theQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.2021/5/9674.Timetravelispossible./Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea.5.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.3.Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyBritishparentsholdtheview.____________________________________________________ManyBritishparentsholdtheview

that

teenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline.____________________________Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea

that

timetravelispossible.______________________________________________________Thesuggestion

that

Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.2021/5/9684.1同位語(yǔ)在句子中的位置同位語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在所說(shuō)明的名詞有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說(shuō)明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開(kāi)。例如：

HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.

WordcamethatNapoleonwouldcomeandinspecthisgrandarmy.2021/5/9694.2同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞1.同位語(yǔ)從句多用that來(lái)作連接詞，而且不能省略。2.同位語(yǔ)從句意義不完整，需增加“是否”的含義，用whether引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句(不用if)。

eg:We’lldiscusstheproblemwhetherthesportsmeetingwillbeheldontime.

我們將討論運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)是否會(huì)如期舉行的問(wèn)題。2021/5/9703.如同位語(yǔ)從句意義不完整，需增加“什么時(shí)候”、“什么地點(diǎn)”、“什么方式”等含義，應(yīng)用what，when,where,how等詞引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。It’sthequestionhowhedidit.問(wèn)題是他是如何做這件事的。2021/5/971注:

在havenoidea之后常用wh-引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句.

Ihavenoideawherehehasgone.Ihavenoideawhenhedidit.Ihavenoideawhathedid.2021/5/9724.3同位語(yǔ)從句常修飾的名詞

同位語(yǔ)從句一般跟在抽象名詞fact,belief,idea,news,hope,doubt,thought,possibility,opinion,problem,information,suggestion,word,result,promise,evidence,order,plan,

decision,answer,reply等后面,用以說(shuō)明或解釋前面的名詞.eg:Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.Hisdelayisduetothefactthatthecar